다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Structural information on nanometer-sized gold particles has been limited, due in part to the problem of preparing homogeneous material. Here we report the crystallization and x-ray structure determination of a p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected gold nanoparticle, which comprises 102 gold atoms and 44 p-MBAs. The central gold atoms are packed in a Marks decahedron, surrounded by additional layers of gold atoms in unanticipated geometries. The p-MBAs interact not only with the gold but also with one another, forming a rigid surface layer. The particles are chiral, with the two enantiomers alternating in the crystal lattice. The discrete nature of the particle may be explained by the closing of a 58-electron shell.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/318/5849/430.full.pdf

Structure of a thiol monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle at 1.1 A resolution

This review offers an introduction to the principles and generic applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry, directed to readers with no prior experience with the technique. We are able to explain the fundamental FT-ICR phenomena from a simplified theoretical treatment of ion behavior in idealized magnetic and electric fields. The effects of trapping voltage, trap size and shape, and other nonidealities are manifested mainly as perturbations that preserve the idealized ion behavior modified by appropriate numerical correction factors. Topics include: effect of ion mass, charge, magnetic field, and trapping voltage on ion cyclotron frequency; excitation and detection of ICR signals; mass calibration; mass resolving power and mass accuracy; upper mass limit(s); dynamic range; detection limit, strategies for mass and energy selection for MSn; ion axialization, cooling, and remeasurement; and means for guiding externally formed ions into the ion trap. The relation of FT-ICR MS to other types of Fourier transform spectroscopy and to the Paul (quadrupole) ion trap is described. The article concludes with selected applications, an appendix listing accurate fundamental constants needed for ultrahigh-precision analysis, and an annotated list of selected reviews and primary source publications that describe in further detail various FT-ICR MS techniques and applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 17, 1–35, 1998

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A primer

저작근 근전도에 관한 정상교합자와 ii급 부정교합자의 비교 연구

The Penning trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP is installed behind the velocity‐filter SHIP at GSI for high‐precision mass measurements of fusion‐evaporation residues. To facilitate an efficient stopping of the reaction products a buffer gas stopping cell is utilized. In an investigation of neutron‐deficient nuclides in the terbium‐to‐thulium region around A ≈ 146, 18 new or improved mass values have been obtained, resulting in a more accurate determination of the proton drip line for holmium and thulium. With the present performance of SHIPTRAP, a first direct mass measurement of transuranium elements in the nobelium region is within reach.

Mass measurements of exotic nuclides at SHIPTRAP

Kohlenstoffcluster in der Präzisionsmassenspektrometrie

Small metal clusters were produced by laser desorption and transferred into a Penning trap. They were illuminated by a 20‐ns dye‐laser pulse and electronically excited. Relaxation channels were investigated in the case of positively charged gold and silver clusters evaporation of neutral atoms or dimers (depending on photon energy and number of cluster atoms) was observed. Photoabsorption cross section measurements of Au9+. For Au21+ yield a resonance similar to the one already known for Ag9+. For Au21+ and Ag21+ a delayed photofragmentation in the millisecond range has been observed.

Photofragmentation of stored cluster ions

Carbon-cluster ions are produced by laser irradiation of glassy carbon in high vacuum. In the case of positively charged species, a bimodal cluster distribution including fullerenes with cluster-size-to-charge ratios of up to a few hundred is observed. Resolving isotopologues by use of a multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer allows the detection and abundance determination of multiply charged clusters. It is found that mono-, di-, and tricationic fullerenes are produced, have similar size-over-charge-state ranges, and follow log-normal distributions known to be characteristic of an underlying coalescent growth. A statistical simulation is shown to reproduce the results. 

Disentangling polycationic fullerenes produced from glassy carbon with multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The former Berlin electron-beam ion-trap was moved to Greifswald. One of the first aims after the reinstallation was the continuation of experiments using mixed ensembles of low- and high-Z ions for further studies of the previously reported sawtooth-like oscillations of the trap plasma. First results of these studies for xenon/argon mixtures are presented.

/pdf/investigations-of-sawtooth-oscillations-with-the-greifswald-585sowz1mh.pdf

Lutz Schweikhard

Papers

Mass measurements of exotic nuclides at SHIPTRAP

Kohlenstoffcluster in der Präzisionsmassenspektrometrie

Photofragmentation of stored cluster ions

Disentangling polycationic fullerenes produced from glassy carbon with multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Investigations of sawtooth oscillations with the Greifswald EBIT