다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Structural information on nanometer-sized gold particles has been limited, due in part to the problem of preparing homogeneous material. Here we report the crystallization and x-ray structure determination of a p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected gold nanoparticle, which comprises 102 gold atoms and 44 p-MBAs. The central gold atoms are packed in a Marks decahedron, surrounded by additional layers of gold atoms in unanticipated geometries. The p-MBAs interact not only with the gold but also with one another, forming a rigid surface layer. The particles are chiral, with the two enantiomers alternating in the crystal lattice. The discrete nature of the particle may be explained by the closing of a 58-electron shell.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/318/5849/430.full.pdf

Structure of a thiol monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle at 1.1 A resolution

This review offers an introduction to the principles and generic applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry, directed to readers with no prior experience with the technique. We are able to explain the fundamental FT-ICR phenomena from a simplified theoretical treatment of ion behavior in idealized magnetic and electric fields. The effects of trapping voltage, trap size and shape, and other nonidealities are manifested mainly as perturbations that preserve the idealized ion behavior modified by appropriate numerical correction factors. Topics include: effect of ion mass, charge, magnetic field, and trapping voltage on ion cyclotron frequency; excitation and detection of ICR signals; mass calibration; mass resolving power and mass accuracy; upper mass limit(s); dynamic range; detection limit, strategies for mass and energy selection for MSn; ion axialization, cooling, and remeasurement; and means for guiding externally formed ions into the ion trap. The relation of FT-ICR MS to other types of Fourier transform spectroscopy and to the Paul (quadrupole) ion trap is described. The article concludes with selected applications, an appendix listing accurate fundamental constants needed for ultrahigh-precision analysis, and an annotated list of selected reviews and primary source publications that describe in further detail various FT-ICR MS techniques and applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 17, 1–35, 1998

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A primer

저작근 근전도에 관한 정상교합자와 ii급 부정교합자의 비교 연구

The $^{110}\mathrm{Pd}$ double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay $Q$ value was measured with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP to be $Q=2017.85(64)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$. This value shifted by 14 keV compared with the literature value and is 17 times more precise, resulting in new phase-space factors for the two-neutrino and neutrinoless decay modes. In addition a new set of the relevant matrix elements has been calculated. The expected half-life of the two-neutrino mode was reevaluated as $1.5(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{yr}$. With its high natural abundance, the new results reveal $^{110}\mathrm{Pd}$ to be an excellent candidate for double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay studies.

/pdf/q-value-and-half-lives-for-the-double-b-decay-nuclide-110pd-4pnrjce6q1.pdf

Q Value and Half-Lives for the Double-β-Decay Nuclide 110Pd

Dissociation energies of gold clustersAuN+,N=7–27

Photo fragmentation studies of stored mass selected metal cluster ions of a large size range are reported. The experimental method and the data evaluation are described in detail. Gold cluster ions were produced by laser vaporization and stored in a Penning trap. After size selection they were electronically excited by irradiation with a pulsed laser beam. Relaxation by evaporation of neutral atoms and dimers was observed as a function of photon energy. From these data upper and lower limits for dissociation energies are determined for Aun
 + (n=3 to 23).

Photo fragmentation of metal clusters stored in a penning trap

Ion traps are “wall-less containers” which allow the extended storage of selected species. During the storage various interaction steps may be repeatedly applied. To this end no further hardware has to be added - in contrast to beam experiments. In this progress report two examples of recent developments are presented: the experiments have been performed with metal clusters stored in a Penning (ion cyclotron resonance) trap. A new experimental scheme has been developed which allows precision measurements of the dissociation energies of polyatomic species. It has been triggered by investigations on the delayed photodissociation of stored metal clusters. However, the technique is also readily available for application to a broad variety of different species and it is not even restricted to trapping experiments. The second development is more closely connected with ion storage in Penning traps: by application of an “electron bath” singly charged anionic clusters can be converted into multiply charged species. Subsequently, they are charge selected and investigated with respect to their reaction upon excitation. In particular, preliminary results indicate that dianionic metal clusters emit two electrons upon photoexcitation whereas the singly charged species show dissociation.

New approaches to stored cluster ions. The determination of dissociation energies and recent studies on dianionic metal clusters

Collision induced dissociation is applied to study the fragmentation channels of multiply charged gold clusters, Au N2+, size N= 7 –35, and Au> N3+}, N = 19–35, stored in an ion cyclotron resonance (Penning) trap. The main dissociation pathways are neutral monomer evaporation, Au> NZ+to Au> N-1Z+} + Au, for the larger and fission into a charged trimer plus the remaining cluster, Au> NZ+to{}Au> N-3(Z-1)+} +{}Au> 3+}, for the smaller clusters. In the intermediate cluster size region an odd–even alternation of the two competing decay pathways is observed. In addition, for some specific cluster sizes there are indications of neutral dimer evaporation, Au> NZ+to{}Au> N-2Z++Au> 2}, and of extremely asymmetric fission of the form Au> NZ+to Au> N-1(Z-1)+} + Au+.

Lutz Schweikhard

Papers

Q Value and Half-Lives for the Double-β-Decay Nuclide 110Pd

Dissociation energies of gold clustersAuN+,N=7–27

Photo fragmentation of metal clusters stored in a penning trap

New approaches to stored cluster ions. The determination of dissociation energies and recent studies on dianionic metal clusters

Dissociation pathways of doubly and triply charged gold clusters