다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Structural information on nanometer-sized gold particles has been limited, due in part to the problem of preparing homogeneous material. Here we report the crystallization and x-ray structure determination of a p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected gold nanoparticle, which comprises 102 gold atoms and 44 p-MBAs. The central gold atoms are packed in a Marks decahedron, surrounded by additional layers of gold atoms in unanticipated geometries. The p-MBAs interact not only with the gold but also with one another, forming a rigid surface layer. The particles are chiral, with the two enantiomers alternating in the crystal lattice. The discrete nature of the particle may be explained by the closing of a 58-electron shell.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/318/5849/430.full.pdf

Structure of a thiol monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle at 1.1 A resolution

This review offers an introduction to the principles and generic applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry, directed to readers with no prior experience with the technique. We are able to explain the fundamental FT-ICR phenomena from a simplified theoretical treatment of ion behavior in idealized magnetic and electric fields. The effects of trapping voltage, trap size and shape, and other nonidealities are manifested mainly as perturbations that preserve the idealized ion behavior modified by appropriate numerical correction factors. Topics include: effect of ion mass, charge, magnetic field, and trapping voltage on ion cyclotron frequency; excitation and detection of ICR signals; mass calibration; mass resolving power and mass accuracy; upper mass limit(s); dynamic range; detection limit, strategies for mass and energy selection for MSn; ion axialization, cooling, and remeasurement; and means for guiding externally formed ions into the ion trap. The relation of FT-ICR MS to other types of Fourier transform spectroscopy and to the Paul (quadrupole) ion trap is described. The article concludes with selected applications, an appendix listing accurate fundamental constants needed for ultrahigh-precision analysis, and an annotated list of selected reviews and primary source publications that describe in further detail various FT-ICR MS techniques and applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 17, 1–35, 1998

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A primer

저작근 근전도에 관한 정상교합자와 ii급 부정교합자의 비교 연구

High-precision mass measurements of stable and beta-decaying nuclides 52-57Cr, 55Mn, 56,59Fe, 59Co, 75, 77-79Ga, and the lanthanide nuclides 140Ce, 140Nd, 160Yb, 168Lu, 178Yb have been performed with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. The new data are entered into the Atomic Mass Evaluation and improve the accuracy of masses along the valley of stability, strengthening the so-called backbone. The mass of neutron-deficient 168Lu in its isomeric state has been measured directly. The mass of neutron-rich 178Yb indicates a change of nuclear structure approaching the double harmonic-oscillator shell closure for $ Z=70$ and $ N=112$.

/pdf/evaluation-of-high-precision-atomic-masses-of-a-50-80-and-4p372aqdjy.pdf

Evaluation of high-precision atomic masses of A ∼ 50-80 and rare-earth nuclides measured with ISOLTRAP

A pulse-pattern generator produces bit patterns at user specified times. It can be used to control the timing of experimental procedures - each bit is used as a trigger line for external devices like a switch-able power supply. The development was initiated by the need of ion trap facilities [1]. Typically, such a facility has about three traps. The experimental procedure requires repeating many times a complex sequence of a few seconds duration with about 30 steps with a precision of 100 ns. The sequence must be synchronized to external events like the timing structure of an accelerator. As a solution, a FPGA card from National Instruments is used. The LabVIEW FPGA module translates the graphical code to VHDL, which is processed further by the tool chain of the FPGA manufacturer Xilinx. Presently, this solution is used at six different experiments at four institutes.

A pulse-pattern generator using labview fpga

New measurements performed with the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP extend the backbone to short-lived species. Recently obtained mass results are presented.

Extending the mass “backbone” to short-lived nuclides with ISOLTRAP

Au+ n-Induced Decomposition of N2O.

Azimuthal quadrupolar excitation is a commonly used technique in the field of ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, in particular in combination with buffer-gas collisions to achieve axialization of the stored ions. If the quadrupolar excitation is applied with only one phase to a set of two opposing ring segments (rather than the “regular” method where two sets of electrodes are addressed with opposite polarities), parametric resonance effects at the frequencies 2μz and μp = μ+ – μ– can lead to unintended ejection of ions from the trap. These parametric resonances have been revisited both theoretically and experimentally: multipole components of different azimuthal excitation schemes are derived by a simple vector representation of the excitation signal applied to the ring segments. Thus, parametric contributions can be easily identified, as demonstrated for the two-electrode and the four-electrode quadrupolar excitation schemes as well as further examples. In addition, the effect of the single-phas...

Lutz Schweikhard

Papers

Evaluation of high-precision atomic masses of A ∼ 50-80 and rare-earth nuclides measured with ISOLTRAP

A pulse-pattern generator using labview fpga

Extending the mass “backbone” to short-lived nuclides with ISOLTRAP

Au+ n-Induced Decomposition of N2O.

Unintended parametric ejection of ions from an ion cyclotron resonance trap by two- electrode axialization.