다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

The recent literature concerning the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been reviewed. The MCE properties have been compiled and correlations have been made comparing the behaviours of the different families of magnetic materials which exhibit large or unusual MCE values. These families include: the lanthanide (R) Laves phases (RM2, where M = Al, Co and Ni), Gd5(Si1−xGex)4 ,M n(As1−xSbx), MnFe(P1−xAsx), La(Fe13−xSix) and their hydrides and the manganites (R1−xMxMnO3, where R = lanthanide and M = Ca, Sr and Ba). The potential for use of these materials in magnetic refrigeration is discussed, including a comparison with Gd as a near room temperature active magnetic regenerator material. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/68/6/R04/pdf

Recent developments in magnetocaloric materials

We present a review of experimental and theoretical studies of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), focusing on recent developments that have provided a more complete framework for understanding this subtle phenomenon and have, in many instances, replaced controversy by clarity. Synergy between experimental and theoretical work, both playing a crucial role, has been at the heart of these advances. On the theoretical front, the adoption of Berry-phase concepts has established a link between the AHE and the topological nature of the Hall currents which originate from spin-orbit coupling. On the experimental front, new experimental studies of the AHE in transition metals, transition-metal oxides, spinels, pyrochlores, and metallic dilute magnetic semiconductors, have more clearly established systematic trends. These two developments in concert with first-principles electronic structure calculations, strongly favor the dominance of an intrinsic Berry-phase-related AHE mechanism in metallic ferromagnets with moderate conductivity. The intrinsic AHE can be expressed in terms of Berry-phase curvatures and it is therefore an intrinsic quantum mechanical property of a perfect cyrstal. An extrinsic mechanism, skew scattering from disorder, tends to dominate the AHE in highly conductive ferromagnets. We review the full modern semiclassical treatment of the AHE together with the more rigorous quantum-mechanical treatments based on the Kubo and Keldysh formalisms, taking into account multiband effects, and demonstrate the equivalence of all three linear response theories in the metallic regime. Finally we discuss outstanding issues and avenues for future investigation.

/pdf/anomalous-hall-effect-tyeyld308t.pdf

Anomalous hall effect

The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs)1,2 is the key to developing magnetoresistive random-access-memory (MRAM), magnetic sensors and novel programmable logic devices3,4,5. Conventional MTJs with an amorphous aluminium oxide tunnel barrier, which have been extensively studied for device applications, exhibit a magnetoresistance ratio up to 70% at room temperature6. This low magnetoresistance seriously limits the feasibility of spintronics devices. Here, we report a giant MR ratio up to 180% at room temperature in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs. The origin of this enormous TMR effect is coherent spin-polarized tunnelling, where the symmetry of electron wave functions plays an important role. Moreover, we observed that their tunnel magnetoresistance oscillates as a function of tunnel barrier thickness, indicating that coherency of wave functions is conserved across the tunnel barrier. The coherent TMR effect is a key to making spintronic devices with novel quantum-mechanical functions, and to developing gigabit-scale MRAM.

Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions

Magnetically engineered magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) show promise as non-volatile storage cells in high-performance solid-state magnetic random access memories (MRAM). The performance of these devices is currently limited by the modest (< approximately 70%) room-temperature tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) of technologically relevant MTJs. Much higher TMR values have been theoretically predicted for perfectly ordered (100) oriented single-crystalline Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs. Here we show that sputter-deposited polycrystalline MTJs grown on an amorphous underlayer, but with highly oriented (100) MgO tunnel barriers and CoFe electrodes, exhibit TMR values of up to approximately 220% at room temperature and approximately 300% at low temperatures. Consistent with these high TMR values, superconducting tunnelling spectroscopy experiments indicate that the tunnelling current has a very high spin polarization of approximately 85%, which rivals that previously observed only using half-metallic ferromagnets. Such high values of spin polarization and TMR in readily manufactureable and highly thermally stable devices (up to 400 degrees C) will accelerate the development of new families of spintronic devices.

Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO (100) tunnel barriers

High‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is an essential part of the treatment of several adult and paediatric malignancies. Despite meticulous supportive care during HDMTX administration, severe toxicities, including acute kidney injury (AKI), may occur contributing to patient morbidity. Population pharmacokinetics provide a powerful tool to predict time to clear HDMTX and adjust subsequent doses. We sought to develop and validate pharmacokinetic models for HDMTX in adults with diverse malignancies and to relate systemic exposure with the occurrence of severe toxicity.

Insights from a pharmacometric analysis of HDMTX in adults with cancer: Clinically relevant covariates for application in precision dosing

We report the results of magnetization and magnetostriction measurements performed by pulsed-magnetic-field techniques on the intermetallic compound Tb2Co12Fe5. The temperature dependence of the critical field at which the first-order magnetization process takes place was measured by a singular point detection technique on aligned powders. Magnetostriction measurements were performed by a strain-gauge-based technique at different temperatures. The obtained results are compared with observations recently made for the closely related compound Pr2Co12Fe5, allowing to clarify the crucial role of both the rare-earth and the transition-metal sublattices in the peculiar behaviour of the latter.

First-order Field-Induced Magnetization Processes and Magnetostriction in Tb2Co12Fe5

Clozapine-loaded nanocapsules improve antipsychotic activity in rats: building a sequential PopPK/PD model to discriminate nanocarriers in the preformulation step.

: Epitaxial strain modiﬁes the physical properties of thin ﬁlms deposited on single-crystal substrates. In a previous work, we demonstrated that in the case of La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 thin ﬁlms the strain induced by the substrate can produce the segregation of a non-ferromagnetic layer (NFL) at the top surface of ferromagnetic epitaxial La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 for a critical value of the tetragonality τ , deﬁned as τ = | c − a | a , of τ C ≈ 0.024. Although preliminary analysis suggested its antiferromagnetic nature, to date a complete characterization of the magnetic state of such an NFL has not been performed. Here, we present a comprehensive magnetic characterization of the strain-induced segregated NFL. The ﬁeld-cooled magnetic hysteresis loops exhibit an exchange bias mechanism below T ≈ 80 K, which is well below the Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 layer. The exchange bias and coercive ﬁelds decay exponentially with temperature, which is commonly accepted to describe spin-glass (SG) behavior. The signatures of slow dynamics were conﬁrmed by slow spin relaxation over a wide temperature regime. Low-energy muon spectroscopy experiments directly evidence the slowing down of the magnetic moments below ~100 K in the NFL. The experimental results indicate the SG nature of the NFL. This SG state can be understood within the context of the competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions of similar energies.

Spin Glass State in Strained La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 Thin Films

We present a comparative study of the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE), measured at room temperature for magnetite thin films deposited on different substrates in order to study the effects induced by the substrate, compressive or tensile strain and structural defects as anti-phase boundaries (APB), on the observed ANE. From our preliminary results we have observed an increase of the measured ANE in the case of compressive strain compared with the tensile one. Moreover our results also suggest that the density of APBs also play an important role in the ANE values.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S1946427414005922

M. R. Ibarra

Papers

Insights from a pharmacometric analysis of HDMTX in adults with cancer: Clinically relevant covariates for application in precision dosing

First-order Field-Induced Magnetization Processes and Magnetostriction in Tb2Co12Fe5

Clozapine-loaded nanocapsules improve antipsychotic activity in rats: building a sequential PopPK/PD model to discriminate nanocarriers in the preformulation step.

Spin Glass State in Strained La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 Thin Films

Influence of the substrate on the anomalous Nernst effect of magnetite thin films