Marco Pirazzini

TL;DR: The pharmacological properties and mode of action of BoNTs have shed light on general principles of neuronal transport and protein-protein interactions and are stimulating basic science studies, and suggest novel uses in therapeutics with increasing disease/symptom specifity.

TL;DR: This Review discusses recent studies that have improved the understanding of the genetics and structure of the BoNT complexes and describes recent insights into the mechanisms of BoNT entry into the general circulation, neuronal binding, membrane translocation and neuroparalysis.

TL;DR: This publication presents a historical overview of the issues and provides guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin subtype nomenclature in the future.

TL;DR: It is shown that the thiored toxin reductase-thioredoxin protein disulfide-reducing system is present on synaptic vesicles and that it is functional and responsible for the reduction of the interchain disulfides of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, C, and E.

TL;DR: Recent advances that have provided relevant insights on the structure-mechanism relationship of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are reviewed and possible models that can be experimentally tested are discussed.