Martin B. Andrews

TL;DR: The United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1 as discussed by the authors was developed and tuned to achieve acceptable performance in key physical and Earth system quantities, and discuss the challenges involved in mitigating biases in a model with complex connections between its components.

TL;DR: The North Atlantic Oscillation profoundly influences European and North American winter weather. Dynamical model predictions now exhibit skill in prediction of the winter North Atlantic oscillation more than one year in advance as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the predictability of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in initialized climate forecasts extending out to lead times of years using initialized retrospective predictions made with coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models that have an internally generated QBO.

TL;DR: In this article, the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) presents an opportunity to analyse the change in air pollutants simulated by the current generation of climate and Earth system models that include a representation of chemistry and aerosols (particulate matter).

TL;DR: The scientific and technical implementation of two models for a core set of experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), using the physical atmosphere-land-ocean-sea ice model HadGEM3-GC3.1 and the Earth system model UKESM1.