Monif AlRashidi

TL;DR: The results suggest biparental care is essential during incubation in the Kentish plover in extremely hot environments and that once the eggs have hatched the risks associated with hot temperature are reduced: the chicks become mobile, and they gradually develop thermoregulation.

TL;DR: Kentish Plovers join a small but growing list of species for which low levels of genetic differentiation are accompanied by the presence of strong phenotypes divergence, suggesting that diagnostic phenotypic characters may be encoded by few genes that are difficult to detect.

TL;DR: A prominent role for polyandrous females is suggested in maintaining genetic homogeneity across large geographic distances in the phylogeography of the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus.

TL;DR: The degree of flexibility in parental cooperation is likely to mediate the impacts of climate change on the demography and reproductive behaviour of wild animal populations, probably reflecting phenotypic plasticity of behaviour.

TL;DR: It is concluded that exposure to extreme solar radiation influences biparental care and this necessitates parental cooperation in the Kentish plover and it is conjecture that where the environment puts less pressure on the parents and provides the opportunity for reduced care, both mating systems and parental care can diversify over evolutionary time.