N. F. Arnold

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Beer-Lambert law to estimate the extinction rate of the Archean Earth's early radiation spectrum, between 4 and 3.5 Ga, including the effects of flares and activity cycles.

TL;DR: A review of recent advances in studies of electric discharges in the stratosphere and mesosphere above thunderstorms, and their effects on the atmosphere can be found in this paper, where the primary focus is on the sprite discharge occurring in the mesosphere, which is the most commonly observed high altitude discharge by imaging cameras from the ground.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors simulated several processes acting below, in and above thunderstorms and in electrified shower clouds, which drive upward currents which close through the global atmospheric electric circuit.

TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional model of the atmosphere between 10-140 km was developed to assess the influence of solar minimum and solar maximum conditions on the propagation of planetary waves and the subsequent changes to the circulation of the stratosphere.

TL;DR: The investigation of the monthly mean gravity wave temperature amplitudes for the year 2006 found that gravity wave activity in the stratosphere is highly variable with season and can be very orographically dependent, especially in the winter extratropics.