Pauline Maiello

TL;DR: The finding that intravenous BCG prevents or substantially limits Mtb infection in highly susceptible rhesus macaques has important implications for vaccine delivery and clinical development, and provides a model for defining immune correlates and mechanisms of vaccine-elicited protection against tuberculosis.

TL;DR: The results support that each granuloma within an individual host is independent with respect to total cell numbers, proportion of T cells, pattern of cytokine response, and bacterial burden, and the spectrum of these components overlaps greatly amongst animals with different clinical status.

TL;DR: Novel genome-encoded barcodes are used to uniquely tag individual M. tuberculosis bacilli, enabling us to quantitatively track the trajectory of each infecting bacterium in a macaque model of TB, and there is no significant infection bottleneck, but there are significant constraints on productive bacterial trafficking out of primary granulomas.

TL;DR: PET/CT imaging in macaques and humans with TB shows a beneficial therapeutic response to linezolid and a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, AZD5847, and quantitative changes in PET/CT scans in both nonhuman primates and humans can be used as early surrogate markers of treatment efficacy in tuberculosis.

TL;DR: The presence of fewer lesions at 3 weeks and the lack of new lesion development in animals with latent infection suggest that innate and rapid adaptive responses are critical to preventing active tuberculosis.