Showing papers by "Per A. Peterson published in 1985"
TL;DR: Early region E3 of adenovirus-2 encodes a glycoprotein, E19, that associates with class I MHC antigens, that occurs concomitantly with abrogated terminal glycosylation of class I antigen heavy chains, as shown by pulse-chase and Endo H digestion experiments.
330 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Varying numbers of DR beta genes were found in HTC of different DR specificities, from possibly one in DR 8 cells to three in cells of DR 2 to 7, and the restriction site polymorphism of D Q beta genes is considerably more extensive than that of DQ serology, although one of the genes seems to be nonpolymorphic.
Abstract: Probes isolated from DR and DQ beta cDNA and genomic clones were used in hybridizations to restriction enzyme-digested DNA from human homozygous typing cells (HTC) as well as other DR homozygous cells in order to estimate the number of beta genes in the DR/DQ class II region. Varying numbers of DR beta genes were found in HTC of different DR specificities, from possibly one in DR 8 cells to three in cells of DR 2 to 7. The DR beta genes of different specificities seem to be related to one another in a distinct fashion. In contrast, all HTC contain two DQ beta genes per chromosome. The restriction site polymorphism of DQ beta genes is considerably more extensive than that of DQ serology, although one of the genes seems to be nonpolymorphic. In addition to the two DP beta genes identified previously, a minimum of three to five DQ and DR beta genes exist in the human haploid genome.
150 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of the complete amino acid sequences of the members of this protein family shows that CRABP is more similar to cellular retinol-binding protein and protein P2 than to the fatty acid-binding proteins, and all five proteins are very similar in their NH2-terminal regions, suggesting that this part is important for a property common to the members
117 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the pattern of nucleotide substitutions in the second domain exon suggests that most amino acid replacements occurred after the gene was inactivated, and the DR beta pseudogene seems to be present also in other DR4 individuals.
Abstract: The class II molecules of the human major histocompatibility complex include the DR, DC, and SB antigens, each composed of an alpha and a beta polypeptide chain. We have isolated a DR beta gene in overlapping cosmid clones made from genomic DNA of a Dw4/DR4 homozygous individual. This gene consists of six exons and spans greater than 20 kilobases. Upon sequencing, it was found to possess several deleterious mutations, each capable of rendering the gene nonfunctional: (i) four splice junctions deviate from the G-T/A-G rule; (ii) two premature termination codons are present in the first domain exon; (iii) a 2-base-pair insertion causes a translational frame shift in the second domain exon. In addition, several amino acid residues that are conserved in all known expressed beta chains have been replaced in the amino acid sequence predicted from the pseudogene. Analysis of the pattern of nucleotide substitutions in the second domain exon suggests that most amino acid replacements occurred after the gene was inactivated. The inactivation may have been caused by insertion of a Kpn I repeat 5' to the promoter region, thereby interfering with transcription of the gene through removal of transcriptional enhancer elements. The DR beta pseudogene seems to be present also in other DR4 individuals.
114 citations
TL;DR: The present data extend the previously described homology between CRBP and a family of low molecular weight proteins, all members of which may bind hydrophobic ligands, since some of these proteins apparently display intracellular transport functions, and a similar role for CRBP is envisaged.
101 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of the primary structures of the prealbumins with the tertiary structure of human prealbumin shows that amino acid replacements are preferentially located at the surface of the molecule and in the loops connecting the beta-strands.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the finding of an additional beta-chain second domain exon tentatively designated A beta 2, which is the most divergent member of the β-chain family.
62 citations
TL;DR: Observed observations suggest that the low frequencies even of the most prevalent alleles in outbred populations render homozygosity at the MHC loci uncommon, and suggest that evolution has not grossly favored any single allele over the others.
Abstract: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a pivotal role in the inuTiune system, as several T cell functions are regulated by molecules derived from this chromosomal segment. Thus, T cells recognize foreign antigens in the context of class I and II molecules of the MHC. The human haploid genome harbors substantial numbers of genes encoding heavy chains of class I antigens and the two types of class II antigen chains. The apparent redundancy of class I and 11 genes is conspicuous particularly in vievi' of the fact that several of the genes display extensive genetic polymorphism. The low frequencies even of the most prevalent alleles in outbred populations render homozygosity at the MHC loci uncommon. These observations suggest that evolution has not grossly favored any single allele over the others. Current observations, although scarce, do not indicate that the expression of the various elass II antigens is separately regulated. The situation is similar for the polymorphic class I antigens, in contrast to the non-polymorphic ones. Taken together, this information can be interpreted to mean that separate functions should not be assigned to individual types of polymorphic class I and II antigens. Rather, it may be the concerted action of the members of all the various allelic series expressed in an individual that fulfil a given function such as antigen presentation to T cells. According to this view the genetic polymorphism of the MHC molecules will ensure that a population is provided with a spectrum of functionally equivalent molecules which, however, may differ, e.g., in their interaction with environmental antigens (Nagy et al. 1981). If so, the generation
56 citations
TL;DR: Rat genomic DNA fragments bearing the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene have been isolated and characterized and it is revealed that all translated exon transcripts closely correspond to discrete tertiary structural elements.
46 citations
TL;DR: The deduced amino acid sequence, which encompasses 134 amino acid residues, shows significant homology with several low molecular weight proteins which bind hydrophobic ligands and suggests that the CRBP gene is present in a single copy in the haploid genome and that it is transcribed in asingle mRNA species.
42 citations
TL;DR: The tissue distribution of CRBP and CRABP, together with their relation to lipid transporting proteins suggests that CRBP or CRABP are cellular transporting proteins for retinol and retinoic acid, respectively.
TL;DR: This analysis shows that the intron sequences can be used to establish the order of divergence of various class I genes from each other, and appears that certain genes in the murine TL antigen-encoding region diverged very early from the H-2 and Qa-2,3 genes.
Abstract: The multigene family of the class I histocompatibility antigens is unusual in that allelic and intergenic differences often are of equal magnitude. It has been suggested that this is due to gene conversion events, which would produce allelic variation but at the same time reduce intergenic differences. We compared the sequences of 11 class I genes in an attempt to elucidate the evolutionary history of this gene family. Our analysis shows that the intron sequences can be used to establish the order of divergence of various class I genes from each other. The results obtained agree with the order of divergence deduced from major insertion and deletion events. It appears that certain genes in the murine TL antigen-encoding region diverged very early from the H-2 and Qa-2,3 genes. The latter can be subgrouped as H-2 and Qa-2,3 genes by both sequence homology and insertion patterns. In contrast to the introns, exon sequences provide less information on evolutionary relationships. Thus, these analyses are consistent with the view that concerted evolution due to gene conversion occurs preferentially in exons.
TL;DR: The complete amino acid sequence of this unique protein is reported, which suggests that the dissolution mechanism is a stoichiometric, nonenzymatic process that depends on the hydrophobic nature of the sperm protein which should therefore be termed an egg-lysin.
TL;DR: It appears that two clusters found to contain identical DNA segments could be linked together into one single BALB/c TL region which appears to be identical to the TL region of the C57BL/10 mouse.
Abstract: We have isolated a class I gene from the TL region of the A/J mouse. The gene, T2A, is a homologue of the C57BL/10 mouse gene T2. In the process of mapping this gene we screened a number of BALB/c class I cosmid clusters with a T2A flanking probe. Several of the hybridizing clusters were found to contain identical DNA segments and could therefore be linked together into one single BALB/c TL region which appears to be identical to the TL region of the C57BL/10 mouse. However, two of the hybridizing clusters do not overlap with the C57BL/10 TL region. It appears that these two clusters represent a partial duplication of the TL region in the BALB/c mouse.
TL;DR: It is concluded that sperm membrane proteins are efficiently solubilized by detergent in the presence of a chelator and that most of the membrane glycoproteins can easily be enriched by affinity chromatography on a lectin column.
Abstract: Boar sperm membranes are rather resistent to the solubilizing effect of some detergents. Deoxycholate, an ionic detergent, was efficient in solubilizing sperm proteins but some nonionic detergents like Triton X-100 displayed relatively poor capacity in rendering membrane proteins soluble. This may be due to sperm proteins being attached to submembraneous structures through bonds involving divalent cations, since mixtures of Triton X-100 and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were almost as efficient as deoxycholate in solubilizing membrane proteins. Since intact spermatozoa were directly treated with detergents the solubilized proteins comprised a mixture of intracellular and membrane components. To enrich for membrane proteins, affinity chromatography on columns containing different lectins was carried out.
SDS polyacryiamide gel electrophoresis of sperm glycoproteins desorbed from the various lectin columns demonstrated that each lectin bound a unique set of components although most glycoproteins were recovered from two or more columns. Columns containing Lens culinaris hemagglutinin yielded more sperm glycoproteins than any of the other lectin columns examined.
The predominant amount of the sperm proteins recovered from the Lens culinaris lectin column was membrane derived, as the majority of the proteins were integrated into liposomes. It is concluded that sperm membrane proteins are efficiently solubilized by detergent in the presence of a chelator and that most of the membrane glycoproteins can easily be enriched by affinity chromatography on a lectin column. Proteins obtained in this way should serve as excellent starting material for the isolation of individual sperm membrane proteins.