https://staff.blog.ui.ac.id/hsuryadi/files/2012/02/ROS_RNS.pdf

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease

Biological effects of essential oils - A review

Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer

CA : A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

Lipid peroxidation can be described generally as a process under which oxidants such as free radicals attack lipids containing carbon-carbon double bond(s), especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Over the last four decades, an extensive body of literature regarding lipid peroxidation has shown its important role in cell biology and human health. Since the early 1970s, the total published research articles on the topic of lipid peroxidation was 98 (1970–1974) and has been increasing at almost 135-fold, by up to 13165 in last 4 years (2010–2013). New discoveries about the involvement in cellular physiology and pathology, as well as the control of lipid peroxidation, continue to emerge every day. Given the enormity of this field, this review focuses on biochemical concepts of lipid peroxidation, production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of two main omega-6 fatty acids lipid peroxidation products: malondialdehyde (MDA) and, in particular, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), summarizing not only its physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival, but also its cytotoxic role inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death. Finally, overviews of in vivo mammalian model systems used to study the lipid peroxidation process, and common pathological processes linked to MDA and 4-HNE are shown.

/pdf/lipid-peroxidation-production-metabolism-and-signaling-234bwmyps5.pdf

Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal.

Prooxidant activity and cellular effects of the phenoxyl radicals of dietary flavonoids and other polyphenolics.

Flavonoid B-ring chemistry and antioxidant activity: fast reaction kinetics

Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Cellular and in vivo hepatotoxicity caused by green tea phenolic acids and catechins

Summary This study directly demonstrates that cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a sensitive, specific, and persistent biomarker in laboratory animals. Histopathological and pathophysiological cardiac changes in dogs, rats and mice correlated with increased serum cTnI with various cardiac inotropic agents, and cardiotoxic drugs and with cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, cardiac effusion with dyspnoea, and ageing. A comparison of six immunoassays for cTnI and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) to detect and monitor cardiac injury in a rodent model indicated that enzyme-linked immunosorbent (Life Diagnostics Inc and TriChem Resources Inc, West Chester, Philadelphia, USA) and Immulite (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Llanberis, UK) assays had low sensitivity and less than 1% of the dynamic range of Centaur (Bayer Healthcare Diagnostics, Newbury, UK) cTnI and Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) and M8 (Bioveris Europe, Whitney, UK) cTnT assays. In dogs, however, the Immulite assay was effective and correlated with the Centaur. Serum concentrations were highly correlated but 10-fold lower for cTnT compared with cTnI with cardiac injury. Centaur assay also detected cTnI in myocardium from marmosets, swine, cattle, and guineapigs, indicating it to be candidate cardiac biomarker for these species as well. Purified rat cTnI was 50% more reactive than purified human cTnI in the Centaur assay. In the rat, an age- and gender-dependent variation in serum cTnI was found. Male rats aged six and eight months had a 10-fold greater serum cTnI than age-matched females and three-month-old rats. These increases correlated with minimal histopathological change. Isoproterenol-induced serum cTnI increased up to 760-fold the minimal detectable concentration of 0.07mg/L, within 4‐6h and decreased with a half-life of 6h, with an expected return to baseline of 60h. Severity of histopathological change correlated with serum cTnI during the ongoing injury.

https://lan.sagepub.com/content/40/2/153.full.pdf+html

Peter J. O'Brien

Papers

Prooxidant activity and cellular effects of the phenoxyl radicals of dietary flavonoids and other polyphenolics.

Flavonoid B-ring chemistry and antioxidant activity: fast reaction kinetics

Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism.

Cellular and in vivo hepatotoxicity caused by green tea phenolic acids and catechins

Cardiac troponin I is a sensitive, specific biomarker of cardiac injury in laboratory animals: