Statistical Methods For Agricultural Workers

Cuckoo search (CS) was introduced by Xin-She Yang and Suash Deb in 2009, and it has attracted great attention due to its promising efficiency in solving many optimization problems and real-world applications. In the last few years, many papers have been published regarding cuckoo search, and the relevant literature has expanded significantly. This chapter summarizes briefly the majority of the literature about cuckoo search in peer-reviewed journals and conferences found so far. These references can be systematically classified into appropriate categories, which can be used as a basis for further research.

Cuckoo Search: A Brief Literature Review

Provided is a video coding method and a video decoding method increasing the resolution and quality of images while suppressing an amount of data required for increasing the resolution. A video coding apparatus includes a first orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on an input picture signal, a low-pass filter performing low-pass filtering on the input picture signal, a downsampling unit downsampling the resolution of a low-frequency image signal, a coding unit compressing and coding a reduced image signal, a local decoding unit decoding a coded bit stream, a second orthogonal transformation unit performing discrete cosine transform on a decoded image signal, and a modification information generation unit generating, based on input image DCT coefficients and decoded image DCT coefficients, coefficient modification information used for modifying orthogonal transformation coefficients obtained by performing orthogonal transformation on a decoded video signal obtained from a coded bit stream.

Video encoding method and video decoding method

Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is nature inspired global optimization algorithm based on the brood parasitic behavior of cuckoos. It has proved to be an efficient algorithm as it has been successfully applied to solve a large number of problems of different areas. CS employs Levy flights to generate step size and to search the solution space effectively. The local search is carried out using switch probability in which certain percentages of solutions are removed. Though CS is an effective algorithm, still its performance can be improved by incorporating the exploration and exploitation during the search process. In this work, three modified versions of CS are proposed to improve the properties of exploration and exploitation. All these versions employ Cauchy operator to generate the step size instead of Levy flights to efficiently explore the search space. Moreover, two new concepts, division of population and division of generations, are also introduced in CS so as to balance the exploration and exploitation. The proposed versions of CS are tested on 24 standard benchmark problems with different dimension sizes and varying population sizes and the effect of probability switch has been studied. Apart from this, the best of the proposed versions is also tested on CEC 2015 benchmark suite. The modified algorithms have been statistically tested in comparison to the state-of-the-art algorithms, namely grey wolf optimization (GWO), differential evolution (DE), firefly algorithm (FA), flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and bat algorithm (BA). The numerical and statistical results prove the superiority of the proposed versions with respect to other popular algorithms available in the literature.

New cuckoo search algorithms with enhanced exploration and exploitation properties

In digital video image encoding and decoding, a filter type is selected based on symmetrical properties of the images and coefficient values of an interpolation filter are calculated based on the selected filter type. Coefficient values, filter tap-length and selected filter-type are provided in the encoded video data. Coefficient values are also calculated based on a prediction signal representative of the different between a video frame and a reference image. The prediction signal is calculated from the reference image based on a predefined base filter and motion estimation performed on the video frame. The predefined base filter has fixed coefficient values. Coefficient values are selected from interpolation of pixel values in a selected image segment in the video frame. Symmetry properties of images can be a vertical symmetry, a horizontal symmetry and a combination thereof, so that only a portion of the filter coefficients are coded.

Adaptive interpolation filters for video coding

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technique is a multicarrier modulation technique in which data bits are transmitted in parallel over multiple subcarriers. Its main advantage to other techniques lies in its robustness against multipath fading and ISI (Inter Symbol Interference). It has widely gained acceptance and is the integral part of modern high speed systems like Wi-Fi (802.11a), LTE (Long Term evolution), DMT (Discrete Multi-tone Technique) systems, DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) systems. OFDM physical layer is also used for SDR (Software Defined Radio) based applications. In this paper a fast prototype design from concept to implementation of an OFDM system is carried out using Keysight Technologies Tool ‘SYSTEMVUE’. The implementation of final design was done in 40 nm CMOS Xilinx Virtex VI XC6VLX760 FPGA. The results obtained were analyzed on LA (Logic Analyzer) and were verified with the simulation results. Using SystemVue's model based FPGA flow rapid prototyping and high gain in design time can be achieved.

Baseband OFDM physical layer implementation on FPGA using SystemVue

This paper presents design and harmonic distortion analysis using Volterra series for a 12 V to 1.2 V buck converter designed in the 180 nm BCD8 technology of STMicroelectronics. The series determines the closed-form equations for fundamental, second and third harmonics. From the analysis, the results are 96 %, 97 % and 90 % matched with the simulation results when the amplitude of the input ripple varies from 0 V to 1.8 V.

Distortion analysis for a DC-DC buck converter

Efficacy of three dinitroaniline herbicides against weeds in raya (Brassica juncea L.).

A generic system for Bit Error Rate (BER) and Jitter tolerance (JTOL) characterization of Physical Layers (PHY) for high speed serial links is developed and demonstrated. Proposed system architecture is configurable to suit the needs of various physical layers supporting different data rates and targeting various end applications. This system consists of jitter generation methodology using off-the-shelf equipments and BER analyzer implemented in FPGA kit and software for overall control of instrumentation and FPGA. Unlike loopback based industry solutions (e.g. BER Testers) where received data is transmitted back to the tester for BER analysis, this solution uses only the receiver block and thus it is suitable for high speed links which use same channel for both transmit and receive, wherein loop back possibility does not exist. It offers an added advantage of “true receiver only” characterization, since transmitter is eliminated from the path used in testing. It is capable of generating customized data patterns with random and deterministic components of timing jitter in a calibrated manner to measure JTOL. The results of JTOL tests performed using this system on different USB2.0 and MIPI MPHY Gear3B physical layers are presented in later part of the paper.

Generic system for characterization of BER and JTOL of high speed serial links

Disclosed herein is a test apparatus for a device under test The test apparatus includes a voltage translator coupled to receive test data from the device under test, over a physical interface, using one of a plurality of I/O standards, with the voltage translator being capable of communication using each of the plurality of I/O standards A programmable interface is configured to receive the test data from the voltage translator A bit error rate determination circuit is configured to receive the test data from the programmable interface and to determine a bit error rate of reception of the test data over the physical interface based upon a comparison of the test data to check data

Rakesh Malik

Papers

Baseband OFDM physical layer implementation on FPGA using SystemVue

Distortion analysis for a DC-DC buck converter

Efficacy of three dinitroaniline herbicides against weeds in raya (Brassica juncea L.).

Generic system for characterization of BER and JTOL of high speed serial links

Generic bit error rate analyzer for use with serial data links