Raymond R. Tice

TL;DR: Human lymphocytes were exposed to X-irradiation or treated with H2O2 and the extent of DNA migration was measured using a single-cell microgel electrophoresis technique under alkaline conditions and this technique appears to be sensitive and useful for detecting damage and repair in single cells.

TL;DR: This paper is intended to act as an update to the more general guidelines which were published as a result of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures, and is seen as a major step towards gaining more formal regulatory acceptance of the Comet assay.

TL;DR: The most commonly studied genotoxicity endpoints have been selected for inclusion in this document and they are structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations assessed using cytogenetic methods (classical chromosomal aberration analysis (CA), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), micronuclei (MN), DNA damage (adducts, strand breaks, crosslinking, alkali-labile sites) assessed using bio-chemical/electrophoretic assays or sister chromatid exchanges (SCE); protein adducts; and hypoxanthine-

TL;DR: The data support the concept that SCEs provide a useful indication of exposure, although the mechanism and biological significance of SCE formation still remain to be elucidated.

TL;DR: The Tox21 partners agreed to develop a vision and devise an implementation strategy to shift the assessment of chemical hazards away from traditional experimental animal toxicology studies to one based on target-specific, mechanism-based, biological observations largely obtained using in vitro assays.