Showing papers by "Richard J Goldstein published in 1997"

Row-of-holes film cooling of curved walls at low injection angles

Abstract: Film cooling effectiveness data are presented against a backdrop of ammonia-diazo flow visualizations for raw-of-holes injection along a convex wall and a concave wall at angles of 15, 25, and 45 deg to the mainstream and at density ratios of approximately one and two. Injection angle effects vary with the rate of injection: At low blowing rates the injection angle is unimportant, at moderate blowing rates the shallower angles provide better effectiveness, and at high blowing rates a steeper injection angle sometimes provides better effectiveness. The condition of the local boundary layer, the severity of jet lift-off and the strength of vortex interactions among the bound vortices of neighboring jets are key considerations in interpreting the data.

Effect of Plenum Crossflow on Heat (Mass) Transfer Near and Within the Entrance of Film Cooling Holes

Abstract: Convective heat/mass transfer near and within the entrance region of film cooling holes supplied with air from an internal duct (plenum) behind the cooling holes has been measured using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The experiments are conducted for duct Reynolds number, based on the duct inlet flow condition, of 1800 to 13,500, which results in a range of hole Reynolds numbers of 8000 to 30,000, close to actual engine operating conditions. The flow entering the hole can be considered a combination of flow along a 90 deg tube bend and a sudden contraction duct flow. The flow separates at the inner corner and a secondary flow is induced by the centrifugal force associated with the streamline curvature. The mass transfer coefficient for the duct wall (surface of film-cooled plate) with a cooling hole is three to five times higher than for a fully developed duct flow. With a smaller duct, the overall transfer coefficient on the hole entrance surface increases due to the higher duct Reynolds numbers, but the flow has less secondary flow effects within the smaller space. Generally, transfer coefficients on the hole entrance surface are largely unaffected by the duct end presence, but the transfer coefficient is larger downstream for a short distance from the center of the last hole to the duct end. In tests with multiple film cooling holes, the flow at the first hole is more of a curved duct flow (strong secondary flow) and the flow at the last hole is more of a sink-like flow. At the middle hole, the flow is a combination of both flows. The mass transfer rates on the inner hole surfaces are found to be the same for holes with corresponding positions relative to the duct end, although the total number of open holes is different.

Energy Separation in a Jet Flow

Abstract: Fluids in motion can separate into regions of higher and lower energy (temperature); this is called energy separation. The present study concerns the mechanism of energy separation in a free, circular, air jet, including the effects of acoustic excitation.

Row-of-holes film cooling of curved walls at low injection angles

Abstract: Film cooling effectiveness data are presented against a backdrop of ammonia-diazo flow visualizations for raw-of-holes injection along a convex wall and a concave wall at angles of 15, 25, and 45 deg to the mainstream and at density ratios of approximately one and two. Injection angle effects vary with the rate of injection: At low blowing rates the injection angle is unimportant, at moderate blowing rates the shallower angles provide better effectiveness, and at high blowing rates a steeper injection angle sometimes provides better effectiveness. The condition of the local boundary layer, the severity of jet lift-off and the strength of vortex interactions among the bound vortices of neighboring jets are key considerations in interpreting the data.