http://www.dietcan.net/docs/Polifenoles%20en%20alimentos%20y%20biodisponibilidad.pdf

Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability

Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and are generally involved in defense against ultraviolet radiation or aggression by pathogens. In the last decade, there has been much interest in the potential health benefits of dietary plant polyphenols as antioxidant. Epidemiological studies and associated meta-analyses strongly suggest that long term consumption of diets rich in plant polyphenols offer protection against development of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present knowledge about the biological effects of plant polyphenols in the context of relevance to human health.

/pdf/plant-polyphenols-as-dietary-antioxidants-in-human-health-29nh0evfx2.pdf

Plant Polyphenols as Dietary Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease

The mitochondrial permeability transition.

The Voltage Sensor of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Is Tuned by the Oxidation-Reduction State of Vicinal Thiols INCREASE OF THE GATING POTENTIAL BY OXIDANTS AND ITS REVERSAL BY REDUCING AGENTS*

https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/S0014-5793%2803%2900504-0

The stomach as a site for anthocyanins absorption from food1

The interaction of anthocyanins with bilitranslocase

Anthocyanins represent the main flavonoid pigments in red grape and wine, in red berries, and in many other fruits and vegetables and are widespread in the human diet. After ingestion, these complex, hydrophilic compounds quickly appear as intact molecules in the plasma. This study investigated their presence in the brain of anesthetized rats that received 8 mg/kg of body weight of a pure anthocyanin mixture extracted from Vitis vinifera grapes. The mixture was maintained in the stomach for 10 min. After this time, intact anthocyanins were detected by HPLC-DAD-MS not only in the plasma (176.4 +/- 50.5 ng/mL, mean +/- SEM) but also in the brain (192.2 +/- 57.5 ng/g). These results demonstrate for the first time that grape pigments can reach the mammalian brain within minutes from their introduction into the stomach.

Fast access of some grape pigments to the brain.

Fruits and vegetables are rich in flavonoids, and ample epidemiological data show that diets rich in fruits and vegetables confer protection against cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, and cancer. However, flavonoid bioavailability is reportedly very low in mammals and the molecular mechanisms of their action are still poorly known. This review focuses on membrane transport of flavonoids, a critical determinant of their bioavailability. Cellular influx and efflux transporters are reviewed for their involvement in the absorption of flavonoids from the gastro-intestinal tract and their subsequent tissue distribution. A focus on the mammalian bilirubin transporter bilitranslocase (TCDB 2.A.65.1.1) provides further insight into flavonoid bioavailability and its relationship with plasma bilirubin (an endogenous antioxidant). The general function of bilitranslocase as a flavonoid membrane transporter is further demonstrated by the occurrence of a plant homologue in organs (petals, berries) where flavonoid biosynthesis is most active. Bilitranslocase appears associated with sub-cellular membrane compartments and operates as a flavonoid membrane transporter.

Sabina Passamonti

Papers

The Voltage Sensor of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Is Tuned by the Oxidation-Reduction State of Vicinal Thiols INCREASE OF THE GATING POTENTIAL BY OXIDANTS AND ITS REVERSAL BY REDUCING AGENTS*

The stomach as a site for anthocyanins absorption from food1

The interaction of anthocyanins with bilitranslocase

Fast access of some grape pigments to the brain.

Bioavailability of flavonoids: a review of their membrane transport and the function of bilitranslocase in animal and plant organisms.