This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

Networked sensors-those that coordinate amongst themselves to achieve a larger sensing task-will revolutionize information gathering and processing both in urban environments and in inhospitable terrain. The sheer numbers of these sensors and the expected dynamics in these environments present unique challenges in the design of unattended autonomous sensor networks. These challenges lead us to hypothesize that sensor network coordination applications may need to be structured differently from traditional network applications. In particular, we believe that localized algorithms (in which simple local node behavior achieves a desired global objective) may be necessary for sensor network coordination. In this paper, we describe localized algorithms, and then discuss directed diffusion, a simple communication model for describing localized algorithms.

https://www.cs.jhu.edu/~cs647/class-papers/Sensor%20Nets/estrin.pdf

Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks

Underwater sensor nodes will find applications in oceanographic data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation and tactical surveillance applications. Moreover, unmanned or autonomous underwater vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, will enable the exploration of natural undersea resources and gathering of scientific data in collaborative monitoring missions. Underwater acoustic networking is the enabling technology for these applications. Underwater networks consist of a variable number of sensors and vehicles that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over a given area. In this paper, several fundamental key aspects of underwater acoustic communications are investigated. Different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, and the characteristics of the underwater channel are detailed. The main challenges for the development of efficient networking solutions posed by the underwater environment are detailed and a cross-layer approach to the integration of all communication functionalities is suggested. Furthermore, open research issues are discussed and possible solution approaches are outlined. � 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.

/pdf/underwater-acoustic-sensor-networks-research-challenges-15fjl1gvhc.pdf

Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges

National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Ad hoc networks are a new wireless networking paradigm for mobile hosts. Unlike traditional mobile wireless networks, ad hoc networks do not rely on any fixed infrastructure. Instead, hosts rely on each other to keep the network connected. Military tactical and other security-sensitive operations are still the main applications of ad hoc networks, although there is a trend to adopt ad hoc networks for commercial uses due to their unique properties. One main challenge in the design of these networks is their vulnerability to security attacks. In this article, we study the threats on ad hoc network faces and the security goals to be achieved. We identify the new challenges and opportunities posed by this new networking environment and explore new approaches to secure its communication. In particular, we take advantage of the inherent redundancy in ad hoc networks-multiple routes between nodes-to defend routing against denial-of-service attacks. We also use replication and new cryptographic schemes, such as threshold cryptography, to build a highly secure and highly available key management service, which terms the core of our security framework.

/pdf/securing-ad-hoc-networks-3hudjv4io2.pdf

Securing ad hoc networks

Model driven telemetry (MDT) enables the real-time collection of hundreds of thousands of counters on large-scale networks, with contextual information to each counter provided in the telemetry data structure definition. Explaining network events in such datasets implies substantial analysis by a domain expert. This paper presents an semantic feature selection method, to find the most important counters which describe a given event in a telemetry dataset, and facilitate the explanation process. This paper proposes a metric for estimating the importance of features in a dataset with descriptive feature names, to find those that are most meaningful to a human. With this estimation, this paper presents a cross-entropy based metric describing the quality of a selection of counters, which is combined with the data behavior to define an optimization goal. The computation of optimal selections distills intelligible and precise selections of counters with adjustable verbosity, and describes events with a few selected counters outlining the root cause of network events.

/pdf/semantic-feature-selection-for-network-telemetry-event-58xabcbpjf.pdf

Semantic feature selection for network telemetry event description

HIgh PERformance COMmunication

This document specifies integrity and replay protection for the Mobile
Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) and the
Optimized Link State Routing Protocol version 2 (OLSRv2). This
protection is achieved by using an HMAC-SHA-256 Integrity Check Value
(ICV) TLV and a Timestamp TLV based on Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX) time. The mechanism in this specification can also
be used for other protocols that use the generalized packet/message
format described in RFC 5444. This document updates RFC 6130 and RFC
7181 by mandating the implementation of this integrity and replay
protection in NHDP and OLSRv2.

Integrity Protection for the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2)

Investigating broadcast performance in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc NETworks (MANETs) are generally thought of as infrastructureless and largely “un-managed” network deployments, capable of accommodating highly dynamic network topologies. Yet, while the network infrastructure may be “un-managed”, monitoring the network performance and setting configuration parameters once deployed, remains important in order to ensure proper “tuning” and maintenance of a MANET. This paper describes a management framework for the MANET routing protocol OLSRv2, and its constituent protocol NHDP. It does so by presenting considerations for “what to monitor and manage” in an OLSRv2 network, and how. The approach developed is based on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and thus this paper details the various Management Information Bases (MIBs) for router status monitoring and control - as well as a novel approach to history-based performance monitoring. While SNMP may not be optimally designed for MANETs, it is chosen due to it being the predominant protocol for IP network management - and thus, efforts are made in this paper to “adapt” the management tools within the SNMP framework for reasonable behavior also in a MANET environment.

/pdf/manet-network-management-and-performance-monitoring-for-nhdp-1bbwkowtww.pdf

Thomas Clausen

Papers

Semantic feature selection for network telemetry event description

HIgh PERformance COMmunication

Integrity Protection for the Neighborhood Discovery Protocol (NHDP) and Optimized Link State Routing Protocol Version 2 (OLSRv2)

Investigating broadcast performance in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

MANET network management and performance monitoring for NHDP and OLSRv2