Showing papers by "Zhong Jin published in 2018"
TL;DR: In this review, recent research advances in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are summarized from both experimental and theoretical aspects and are expected to provide new insights into the further technique development and practical applications of CO2 electroreduction.
Abstract: The worldwide unrestrained emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has caused serious environmental pollution and climate change issues. For the sustainable development of human civilization, it is very desirable to convert CO2 to renewable fuels through clean and economical chemical processes. Recently, electrocatalytic CO2 conversion is regarded as a prospective pathway for the recycling of carbon resource and the generation of sustainable fuels. In this review, recent research advances in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are summarized from both experimental and theoretical aspects. The referred electrocatalysts are divided into different classes, including metal–organic complexes, metals, metal alloys, inorganic metal compounds and carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials. Moreover, the selective formation processes of different reductive products, such as formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO−), monoxide carbon (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (CH3CH2OH), etc. are introduced in detail, respectively. Owing to the limited energy efficiency, unmanageable selectivity, low stability, and indeterminate mechanisms of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, there are still many tough challenges need to be addressed. In view of this, the current research trends to overcome these obstacles in CO2 electroreduction field are summarized. We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further technique development and practical applications of CO2 electroreduction.
613 citations
TL;DR: The oxygen vacancy engineering on ultrathin BiOBr nanosheets can greatly enhance the performance for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and provide a promising way for rational design of catalysts to boost the rate of ammonia synthesis under mild conditions.
Abstract: The catalytic conversion of nitrogen to ammonia is one of the most important processes in nature and chemical industry. However, the traditional Haber-Bosch process of ammonia synthesis consumes substantial energy and emits a large amount of carbon dioxide. Solar-driven nitrogen fixation holds great promise for the reduction of energy consumption and environmental pollution. On the basis of both experimental results and density functional theory calculations, here we report that the oxygen vacancy engineering on ultrathin BiOBr nanosheets can greatly enhance the performance for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. Through the addition of polymetric surfactant (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) in the synthesis process, VO-BiOBr nanosheets with desirable oxygen vacancies and dominant exposed {001} facets were successfully prepared, which effectively promote the adsorption of inert nitrogen molecules at ambient condition and facilitate the separation of photoexcited electrons and holes. The oxygen defects narrow the ...
281 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview on the recent progress of N-doped graphene, including the typical synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and various applications in energy fields, as well as challenges and perspective of Ndoped GAs.
221 citations
TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a liquid-exfoliation strategy to prepare ultrathin 2D bismuth (Bi) nanosheets towards efficient electrocatalytic CO 2 conversion.
217 citations
TL;DR: A freestanding and highly flexible sulfur host that can simultaneously meet the flexibility, stability, and capacity requirements of flexible Li-S batteries is reported, which can efficiently suppress the shuttle effect and promote the redox kinetics of polysulfides.
Abstract: The development of flexible lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density and long cycling life are very appealing for the emerging flexible, portable, and wearable electronics. However, the progress on flexible Li–S batteries was limited by the poor flexibility and serious performance decay of existing sulfur composite cathodes. Herein, we report a freestanding and highly flexible sulfur host that can simultaneously meet the flexibility, stability, and capacity requirements of flexible Li–S batteries. The host consists of a crisscrossed network of carbon nanotubes reinforced CoS nanostraws (CNTs/CoS-NSs). The CNTs/CoS-NSs with large inner space and high conductivity enable high loading and efficient utilization of sulfur. The strong capillarity effect and chemisorption of CNTs/CoS-NSs to sulfur species were verified, which can efficiently suppress the shuttle effect and promote the redox kinetics of polysulfides. The sulfur-encapsulated CNTs/CoS-NSs (S@CNTs/CoS-NSs) cathode in Li–S batteries e...
205 citations
TL;DR: By doping heteroatom nitrogen into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and mesoporous carbon (MC), their peroxidase-mimicking activities were enhanced by over 100- and 60-fold, respectively, and N-doping did not significantly affect the oxidase-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, or catalase-nanozymes activities of rGO and MC.
Abstract: Nanozymes, the enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials, have been developed to overcome the low stability and high cost of natural enzymes. Unlike highly active and specific enzymes, however, the catalytic ...
193 citations
TL;DR: Through a series of systematic ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations, the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanism of VS4 are elucidated and the VS4 nanodendrites present remarkable performance for Mg2+ storage among existing cathode materials.
Abstract: Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attracted increasing attention due to the high theoretical volumetric capacities, dendrite formation-free characteristic and low cost of Mg metal anodes. However, the development of magnesium batteries is seriously hindered by the lack of capable cathode materials with long cycling life and fast solid-state diffusion kinetics for highly-polarized divalent Mg2+ ions. Herein, vanadium tetrasulfide (VS4 ) with special one-dimensional atomic-chain structure is reported to be able to serve as a favorable cathode material for high-performance magnesium batteries. Through a surfactant-assisted solution-phase process, sea-urchin-like VS4 nanodendrites are controllably prepared. Benefiting from the chain-like crystalline structure of VS4 , the S22- dimers in the VS4 nanodendrites provide abundant sites for Mg2+ insertion. Moreover, the VS4 atomic-chains bonded by weak van der Waals forces are beneficial to the diffusion kinetics of Mg2+ ions inside the open channels of VS4 . Through a series of systematic ex situ characterizations and density functional theory calculations, the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanism of VS4 are elucidated. The VS4 nanodendrites present remarkable performance for Mg2+ storage among existing cathode materials, exhibiting a remarkable initial discharge capacity of 251 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 and an impressive long-term cyclability at large current density of 500 mA g-1 (74 mAh g-1 after 800 cycles).
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation of a walnut-like multicore-shell MnO encapsulated nitrogen-rich carbon nanocapsules (MnO@NC) is reported via a facile and eco-friendly process for long-cycling Li-ion batteries.
Abstract: Metal oxide-based nanomaterials are widely studied because of their high-energy densities as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. However, the fast capacity degradation resulting from the large volume expansion upon lithiation hinders their practical application. In this work, the preparation of walnut-like multicore–shell MnO encapsulated nitrogen-rich carbon nanocapsules (MnO@NC) is reported via a facile and eco-friendly process for long-cycling Li-ion batteries. In this hybrid structure, MnO nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed inside carbon nanoshells, which can simultaneously act as a conductive framework and also a protective buffer layer to restrain the volume variation. The MnO@NC nanocapsules show remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium-ion batteries, exhibiting high reversible capability (762 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and stable cycling life (624 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). In addition, the soft-packed full batteries based on MnO@NC nanocapsules anodes and commercial LiFePO4 cathodes present good flexibility and cycling stability.
185 citations
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors reported the preparation of ionic liquid (IL) immobilized polymer gel electrolytes with strong ion-dipole interactions between imidazolium-based IL and fluorinated copolymer gel for stable and dendrite-free Li+ plating/stripping.
148 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, hierarchical Co3ZnC nanoparticle encapsulated mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon nanopolyhedra (Co3znC@NC) synthesized by one-step pyrolysis of bimetallic-organic-frameworks are used as anode material for hybrid lithium-ion capacitors, exhibiting high lithium storage capacity and excellent rate performance.
120 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the presence of OVs in B-TiO2- x electrode material can greatly improve the electrochemical performances of rechargeable Mg batteries and significantly enhance the electrical conductivity and number of active sites for Mg2+ ion storage.
Abstract: Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries assembled with dendrite-free, safe, and earth-abundant metal Mg anodes potentially have the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. Nevertheless, owing to the large polarity of divalent Mg2+ ions, the insertion of Mg2+ into electrode materials suffers from sluggish kinetics, which seriously limit the performance of Mg batteries. Herein, we demonstrate an atomic substitution strategy for the controlled preparation of ultrathin black TiO2- x (B-TiO2- x) nanoflakes with rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) and porosity by utilizing ultrathin 2D TiS2 nanoflakes as precursors. We find out that the presence of OVs in B-TiO2- x electrode material can greatly improve the electrochemical performances of rechargeable Mg batteries. Both experimental results and density functional theory simulations confirm that the introduction of OVs can remarkably enhance the electrical conductivity and increase the number of active sites for Mg2+ ion storage. The vacancy-rich B-TiO2- x nanoflakes exhibit high reversible capacity and good capacity retention after long-term cycling at large current densities. It is hoped that this work can provide valuable insights and inspirations on the defect engineering of electrode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries.
TL;DR: In this paper, a solar capacitor was realized by combining a CsPbBr3-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cell and an allinorganic silica-gel-electrolyte based supercapacitor into a single device.
TL;DR: Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) based on the electrolyte solutions of redox-active organic molecules are very attractive for the application of large-scale electrochemical energy storage.
Abstract: Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) based on the electrolyte solutions of redox-active organic molecules are very attractive for the application of large-scale electrochemical energy storage We propose a high-performance ARFB system utilizing 2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2,3-HCNQ) and K4Fe(CN)6 as the anolyte and catholyte active species, respectively The 2,3-HCNQ molecule exhibits high solubility and can carry out a reversible two-electron redox process with rapid redox kinetics The assembled 2,3-HCNQ/K4Fe(CN)6 ARFB delivered a cell voltage of 102 V and realized a peak power density of 0255 W cm–2 The 2,3-HCNQ/K4Fe(CN)6 ARFB can be stably operated at a current density of 100 mA cm–2 for long-term cycling (with a capacity retention of ∼947% after 100 cycles)
TL;DR: An effective polysulfide mediator composed of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (N-CNT) forest planted on cobalt nanoflowers with high sulfur content is reported, which enables fast electron transfer and electrolyte penetration and stable cycling performance of sulfur-filled N-C NTs/Co-NFs cathodes with high areal capacity.
Abstract: Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high theoretical energy density have caught enormous attention for electrochemical power source applications. However, the development of Li–S batteries is hindered by the electrochemical performance decay that resulted from low electrical conductivity of sulfur and serious shuttling effect of intermediate polysulfides. Moreover, the areal capacity is usually restricted by the low areal sulfur loadings (1.0–3.0 mg cm–2). When the areal sulfur loading increases to a practically accepted level above 3.0–5.0 mg cm–2, the areal capacity and cycling life tend to become inferior. Herein, we report an effective polysulfide mediator composed of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (N-CNT) forest planted on cobalt nanoflowers (N-CNTs/Co-NFs). The abundant pores in N-CNTs/Co-NFs can allow a high sulfur content (78 wt %) and block the dissolution/diffusion of polysulfides via physical confinement, and the Co nanoparticles and nitrogen heteroatoms (4.3 at. %) can enhance the polysulfide...
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated perovskite solar capacitor (IPSC) was realized by combining a solar cell and a supercapacitor in a single device, taking advantage of nanocarbon electrodes, the IPSCs possess a simple configuration, compact structure, and well matched operation voltage.
Abstract: Integrating energy harvesting devices with energy storage systems can realize a temporal buffer for local power generation and power consumption. In this manner, self-charging energy devices consisting of photovoltaic cells and energy storage units can serve as sustainable and portable distributed power sources that can concurrently generate and store electric energy without the need for external charging circuits. Herein, an integrated perovskite solar capacitor (IPSC) was realized by combining a perovskite solar cell (PSC) and a supercapacitor in a single device. Taking advantages of nanocarbon electrodes, the IPSCs possess a simple configuration, compact structure, and well-matched operation voltage. The IPSCs could be rapidly charged by different modes (including the photo-charging mode, galvanostatic-charging mode, and photoassisted-galvanostatic-charging mode), and showed a remarkable overall photo-chemical-electricity energy conversion efficiency as high as 7.1% in the photo-charging mode. Moreover, the IPSCs could work efficiently under weak light illumination. This study provides new insights for the design of novel integrative energy devices that combine the functions of solar power harvesting and electrochemical energy storage.
TL;DR: In this paper, an atomic migration-driven in situ thermal sulfurization-phosphorization strategy for the preparation of triple-layer-shelled hollow nanobbles consisting of defect-rich ultrathin MoS2/MoP outer layers and a porous N-doped carbon inner layer for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Abstract: For efficient electrocatalysis, the rational construction of unique electrochemical interfaces is very important to enhance the intrinsic activity and expose more active sites. Herein, we demonstrate an atomic-migration-driven in situ thermal sulfurization–phosphorization strategy for the preparation of triple-layer-shelled hollow nanobubbles consisting of defect-rich ultrathin MoS2/MoP outer layers and a porous N-doped carbon inner layer (MoS2/MoP/NC) for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this method, (NH4)2MoS4/NaH2PO4-blended polymer nanospheres were prepared via aqueous-phase reaction, followed by a one-step thermal annealing process. During the thermal treatment, the MoS2 outer shell and NC inner layer were first formed at 500 °C; then the temperature was increased to 900 °C and the competitive reaction between the Mo atoms of the MoS2 species formed a strong driving force to transfer P species from the interior to the surface of the porous NC layer and form an intermediate layer of MoP. This strategy realized the formation of ultrathin MoS2/MoP/NC heterointerfaces with a high surface area (954.3 m2 g−1), abundant defect/edge sites, and improved electrocatalytic activity. In both acidic and alkaline solutions, the MoS2/MoP/NC hollow nanobubbles exhibited low overpotentials (151 and 208 mV) to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slopes (58 and 62 mV dec−1), and excellent stability for hydrogen production, respectively. This work provides a new route for the construction of active electrochemical heterointerfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a biomimetic and economic strategy was developed to produce large-area and flat regenerated ESM (RESM) separators to overcome the size and shape limits of raw ESM.
TL;DR: This review focuses on advanced materials, architecture designs and abundant applications of flexible devices, and discusses the problems and challenges in current situations of flexible device.
Abstract: Flexible devices, such as flexible electronic devices and flexible energy storage devices, have attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years for their potential applications in modern human lives. The development of flexible devices is moving forward rapidly, as the innovation of methods and manufacturing processes has greatly encouraged the research of flexible devices. This review focuses on advanced materials, architecture designs and abundant applications of flexible devices, and discusses the problems and challenges in current situations of flexible devices. We summarize the discovery of novel materials and the design of new architectures for improving the performance of flexible devices. Finally, we introduce the applications of flexible devices as key components in real life.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that nonprecious CoFe-based oxide nanoarrays exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and superior stability for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at large current densities (>500 mA cm-2).
Abstract: Here, we demonstrate that nonprecious CoFe-based oxide nanoarrays exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and superior stability for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at large current densities (>500 mA cm-2). Carbon fiber paper (CFP) with three-dimensional macroporous structure, excellent corrosion resistance, and high electrical properties is used as the support material to prevent surface passivation during the long-term process of OER. Through a facile method of hydrothermal synthesis and thermal treatment, vertically aligned arrays of spinel Co xFe3- xO4 nanostructures are homogeneously grown on CFP. The morphology and the Fe-doping content of the CoFe oxide nanoarrays can be controlled by the Fe3+ concentration in the precursor solution. The arrays of CoFe oxide nanosheets (NSs) grown on CFP (Co2.3Fe0.7O4-NSs/CFP) deliver lower Tafel slope (34.3 mV dec-1) than CoFe oxide nanowire (NW) arrays grown on CFP (Co2.7Fe0.3O4-NWs/CFP) in alkaline solution, owing to higher Fe-doping content and larger effective specific surface area. The Co2.3Fe0.7O4-NSs/CFP electrode exhibits excellent stability for OER at large current densities in alkaline solution. Moreover, the morphology and structure of CoFeO nanoarrays are well preserved after long-term testing, indicating the high stability for OER.
TL;DR: The sensing performance of the fibriform sensor is well retained after its shape recovers from 50% deformation and the fabric woven from the shape-memory coaxial fibers can be worn on the elbow joints in a reversible manner ( original-enlarged-recovered and fitted tightly) and shows promising applications in wearable electronics.
Abstract: A wearable and shape-memory strain sensor with a coaxial configuration is designed, comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane fiber as the core support, well-aligned and interconnected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive filaments, and polypyrrole (PPy) coating as the cladding layer. In this design, the stress relaxation between CNTs is well confined by the outer PPy cladding layer, which endows the fibriform sensor with good reliability and repeatability. The microcracks generated when the coaxial fiber is under strain guarantee the superior sensitivity of this fibriform sensor with a gauge factor of 12 at 0.1% strain, a wide detectable range (from 0.1% to 50% tensile strain), and the ability to detect multimodal deformation (tension, bending, and torsion) and human motions (finger bending, breathing, and phonation). In addition, due to its shape-memory characteristic, the sensing performance of the fibriform sensor is well retained after its shape recovers from 50% deformation and the fabric woven from the shape-memory coaxial fibers can be worn on the elbow joints in a reversible manner (original-enlarged-recovered) and fitted tightly. Thus, this sensor shows promising applications in wearable electronics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a bifunctional bimetallic phosphide (Ni0.5Co 0.5P/CP) nanowire arrays vertically grown on carbon paper were used for overall water splitting.
Abstract: Overall water splitting driven by a sustainable solar energy source has been recognized as a promising route to produce clean and renewable hydrogen fuel. However, its practical application is restricted by the low energy conversion efficiency and poor stability of photocatalysts. Herein, we report the realization of highly efficient overall water splitting promoted by bifunctional bimetallic phosphide (Ni0.5Co0.5P) nanowire arrays vertically grown on carbon paper (Ni0.5Co0.5P/CP) and driven by highly stable all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The Ni0.5Co0.5P/CP electrocatalysts can provide abundant active sites, high electrical conductivity, and good contact interface with the electrolyte, thus showing remarkable activity and great durability for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The electrolyzer assembled with both the Ni0.5Co0.5P/CP anode and cathode can afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at only 1.61 V and allow consecutive water splitting. The all-inorganic PSCs based on a CsPb0.9Sn0.1IBr2 light absorber and a nanocarbon electrode exhibit remarkable stability. When driven by all-inorganic PSCs, the electrolyzer delivers a high overall energy conversion efficiency (3.12%) and good long-term durability.
TL;DR: In this article, an electroconductive wrinkled anatase-phase black titanium oxide nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies (OVs-TiO2-x) was found to have an ultrafast insertion and extraction kinetics as anode material in SIBs.
TL;DR: This work presents a new universal strategy for the construction of effective, durable, scalable, and inexpensive electrodes that can be extended to other electrocatalytic systems.
Abstract: An efficient self-standing hydrogen evolution electrode was prepared by in situ growth of stacked ultrathin TiO2/MoS2 heterolayers on carbon paper (CP@TiO2@MoS2). Owing to the high overall conductivity, large electrochemical surface area and abundant active sites, this novel electrode exhibits an excellent performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Remarkably, the composite electrode shows a low Tafel slope of 41.7 mV/dec, and an ultrahigh cathodic current density of 550 mA/cm2 at a very low overpotential of 0.25 V. This work presents a new universal strategy for the construction of effective, durable, scalable, and inexpensive electrodes that can be extended to other electrocatalytic systems.
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional functional spongy framework as polysulfide reservoir layer, with strong absorbability and electrocatalytic activity towards sulfur species, is proposed to further improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.
Abstract: In the development of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, various approaches have been adopted to enhance the electronic conductivity of the sulfur cathode and alleviate the shuttle effect of polysulfides; however, the strategies providing efficient solutions are still limited. To further improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries, in this work we propose a new strategy involving the incorporation of a three-dimensional functional spongy framework as polysulfide reservoir layer, with strong absorbability and electrocatalytic activity towards sulfur species. The spongy framework has a hierarchical architecture composed of highly conductive Ni foam/graphene/carbon nanotubes/MnO2 nanoflakes (NGCM). The strongly interconnected Ni foam, graphene, and carbon nanotubes of the NGCM sponge facilitate electron transfer during discharge/charge processes; moreover, the superlyophilic properties of the NGCM sponge ensure good wettability and interface contact with the Li-S electrolyte, and the porous MnO2 nanoflakes provide strong chemisorptive and electrocatalytic effects on polysulfides (as confirmed theoretically and experimentally). The NGCM sponge, serving as a polysulfide reservoir layer attached on a conventional sulfur-mixed carbon nanotubes (S/CNTs) cathode, can provide improved reversible capacity, rate capability (593 mAh·g–1 at 3.0 C), and cycling stability. In addition, the self-discharge rate is greatly reduced, owing to the efficient conservation of polysulfides in the NGCM spongy framework.
TL;DR: PGAweb presents features of genomic structural dynamics and sequence diversity with different visualization methods that are helpful for intuitively understanding the dynamics and evolution of bacterial genomes in a user-friendly, web-based tool.
Abstract: An astronomical increase in microbial genome data in recent years has led to strong demand for bioinformatic tools for pan-genome analysis within and across species. Here, we present PGAweb, a user-friendly, web-based tool for bacterial pan-genome analysis, which is composed of two main pan-genome analysis modules, PGAP and PGAP-X. PGAweb provides key interactive and customizable functions that include orthologous clustering, pan-genome profiling, sequence variation and evolution analysis, and functional classification. PGAweb presents features of genomic structural dynamics and sequence diversity with different visualization methods that are helpful for intuitively understanding the dynamics and evolution of bacterial genomes. PGAweb has an intuitive interface with one-click setting of parameters and is freely available at http://PGAweb.vlcc.cn/.
TL;DR: In this paper, an energetic-material (NaN3) deflagration method for preparing N and Ti3+-codoped TiO2 nanosheets (NT-TiO2) was developed.
Abstract: An energetic-material (NaN3) deflagration method for preparing N- and Ti3+-codoped TiO2 nanosheets (NT–TiO2) was developed. In this method, N radicals filled the crystal lattice, and Na clusters captured partial O from TiO2. The deflagration process was fast and facile and can be completed within < 1 s after ignition. The obtained NT–TiO2 exhibited rough surfaces with nanopits and nanoholes. The doping concentration can be regulated by controlling the NaN3 addition. The NT–TiO2 samples showed significant enhancements in the visible-light absorption and photoelectric response. The simultaneously produced N radicals and Na clusters from NaN3 deflagration served as N sources and reduction agents, respectively. Additionally, the high deflagration temperature/pressure improved the reactivity of N radicals and Na clusters. Thus, the present NaN3 deflagration method was demonstrated as an ultrafast and effective approach to fabricate NT–TiO2 with a visible-light response. The proposed NaN3 deflagration method allows the ultrafast synthesis of new functional materials via the efficient deflagration of energetic materials.
19 Jun 2018
TL;DR: Experiments on KITTI Road dataset show that the proposed model can effectively fuse the image and the point cloud data and can also exclude the shadows, road curbs and other interferences in complex scenes.
Abstract: This paper presents a road detection model based on deep learning and fully connected condition random field to fuse image and point cloud data. Firstly, a convolutional neural network is trained to extract multi-scale features of the image. And a point-based deep neural network is trained to extract the multi-scale features of the point cloud. Secondly, the point cloud data is projected to the image plane. The probability maps of image and point cloud in the image plane are obtained by their corresponding multi-scale features, respectively. Thirdly, a Markov-based up-sampling method is used to get a dense height image from a sparse one which is from the point cloud data. A fully connected condition random field model based on the outputs of the two networks and the height image is constructed on the image plane. Finally, the fusion model is effectively solved by the mean-field approximate algorithm. Experiments on KITTI Road dataset show that the proposed model can effectively fuse the image and the point cloud data. Furthermore, the fusion model can also exclude the shadows, road curbs and other interferences in complex scenes.
TL;DR: A new structured sparse graph that is derived by integrating manifold-type constraints on the sparse coefficients without any a priori graph or similarity matrix is introduced and a direct and efficient solution to the proposed optimization problem is introduced.