Altai State Technical University

About: Altai State Technical University is a education organization based out in Barnaul, Russia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Ultrasonic sensor & Grain boundary. The organization has 824 authors who have published 848 publications receiving 4445 citations.

Generalized refractive mixing dielectric model for moist soils

Abstract: This paper introduces a new soil dielectric model in the microwave band offering variation over a wide range of soil moisture, texture, mineral content, and wave frequency. The soil dielectric models commonly used in microwave remote sensing algorithms rarely apply intrinsic bound soil water (BSW) dielectric properties. However, models incorporating these properties could offer additional applicability and accuracy. This paper describes a technique developed for estimating the complex dielectric constant (CDC) for both the BSW and the free soil water (FSW) as separate water constituents present in moist soil. For this purpose, it has been shown that there exist two specific soil moisture regions where alteration in soil dielectric property is generated, exclusively, by either BSW or FSW increments, with their CDCs being constant values. The CDCs of the BSW and FSW are derived through straight line fitting with the help of a measured soil complex refractive index (CRI) as a function of moisture. The term CRI is understood here as a square root of the CDC. In order to distinguish between the two moisture regions, the maximum bound water fraction (MBWF) parameter was introduced, which also can be obtained through straight line fitting, using measured CRIs as a function of moisture over both specific moisture regions. Thus, obtained fittings are known in the literature as the refractive mixing dielectric model (RMDM). Finally, a method for deducing the Debye relaxation parameters for both types of soil water was proposed, with their CDCs being input parameters. It was shown that the soil water CDCs measured only at two frequencies are sufficient for deriving the Debye relaxation parameters. A set of equations representing the RMDM, the Debye formula, and the formulas proposed for deriving the Debye relaxation parameters is designated as the generalized refractive mixing dielectric model (GRMDM). In contrast to all previously known soil dielectric models, the GRMDM allows for CDC prediction beyond the frequency range where the initial soil CDC data are acquired.

Generalized refractive mixing dielectric model for moist soils

Abstract: In this paper, a technique for estimating the maximum bound water content and complex dielectric constants for both the bound and the free water in soil is presented The thus attained dielectric properties for the water in soil, are used to derive the Debye spectroscopic parameters for both types of water Empirical data sets for the soil complex dielectric constant as a function of moisture measured only at two frequencies are sufficient for applying this technique As a result the model for predicting soil complex dielectric constant in the microwave band is proposed and validated

Characterization and biological activities of humic substances from mumie.

Abstract: Mumie, a semihard black resin formed by long-term humification, is believed to have therapeutic properties. Although mumie has been used in folk medicine since ancient times, there is little information available concerning the physicochemical properties of its constituents and the mechanisms of its therapeutic efficacy. For this study crude mumie was fractionated into fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA), humin, hymatomelanic acid, and two low molecular weight fractions (LMW1 and LMW2). The FA fraction was divided into five subfractions, FA1-FA5. The mumie fractions were characterized by IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Total carbohydrate content in the fractions was analyzed using the phenol reaction method. The relative content of polar groups and nonpolar hydrocarbon fragments in the mumie fractions correlated well with solubility in an aqueous medium. Biological characterization was performed using only the FA fractions. FA1 and FA2 enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in murine peritoneal macrophages, as determined with the use of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and Griess reagent, respectively. The enchancement of ROS and nitric oxide production correlated with the level of total carbohydrates in the fractions. Murine splenic lymphocytes treated with FA1 showed a dose-dependent increase in [(3)H]thymidine uptake. These findings suggest that FA derived from mumie has immunomodulatory activity.

Medical drugs from humus matter: Focus on mumie

Abstract: In this review, we focus on the medicinal drugs from humus matter such as peat, sapropel, and mumie. The most clinically available medicines, containing peat and sapropel extracts, are Torfot, Tolpa Peat Preparation (TPP), Peloidodistillate, Humisol, Peloidin, FiBS, and Eplir. Much attention in the review is concentrated on mumie composition, its pharmacological properties, and new pharmacological drugs with mumie (Shilagen, Abana, Cystone, Diabecon 400, EveCare, Geriforte, Lukol, Pilex, Rumalava, Tentex forte, Nefrotec, Adrenotone, Siotone, La-Tone Gold, Andro-Surge, Solanova Libidoplex). It was concluded that therapeutic properties of crude extracts from peat, sapropel, and mumie have similarity to the ones of fulvic and humic acids. They are antibacterial, antitoxic, antiradical, antiulcerogenic, antiarthritic, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties. Possible directions for better development of new drugs from humus matter are discussed. Drug Dev. Res. 57:140–159, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.