American Petroleum Institute

About: American Petroleum Institute is a other organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Adsorption. The organization has 3742 authors who have published 3005 publications receiving 31644 citations. The organization is also known as: API.

A Pilot Test of Polymer Flooding in an Elevated-Temperature Reservoir

Abstract: A pilot test of polymer flooding has been conducted in Shuanghe reservoir located in southeast Henan oil field, China. The target reservoir has a net thickness of 15.56 meters (50 ft), an average permeability of 420 md, and temperature of 75{degrees}C (167{degrees}F). The polymers used are two types of modified partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, named S525 and S625, which have molecular weights of 16,700,000 and 19,670,000 daltons, respectively. The objective of this pilot test is to investigate the feasibility of polymer flooding for improving oil recovery in an elevated-temperature reservoir. The polymer flooding started in February 1994. Up through December 1995, a total of 246 tons (about 0.5 x 106 lb) of dry polymer had been used with an injection concentration of 900-1100 ppm. The pore volume injected reached 0.2164. As a result, oil production increased by 22,000 tons (184,000 bbl) and water production decreased by 153,000 tons (962,000 bbl), which accounts for the incremental oil recovery of 3.8% and water-cut reduction of 5.6% in the test block. It is estimated that by the end of this project, the ultimate increase in oil production will exceed 63,000 tons (528,000 bbl) with the enhanced oil recovery going up to 9.8%. The yieldmore » is 0.2 tons more oil produced per kilogram of polymer injected or 0.7 barrel of oil produced per pound of polymer. The success of the pilot test is attributed to a few techniques used during the implementation of the flooding, including prevention of polymer thermal degradation, good reservoir description, and the profile modification carried out before and after the polymer injection. This pilot test illustrates a case where polymers with extra-high molecular weight are successfully injected in an elevated-temperature reservoir to control the mobility ratio and modify the permeability profile.« less

An Improved Fourier Transform Profilometry

Abstract: An improved Fourier transform profilometry for the automatic mesurement of 3-D object shapes is presented. Because of using a defocused Rouchi grating to get a qusi-sinusoidal optical field and using grating π-phase shifting technique, the fundarmental spectrum modulated by 3-D object shapes can be extended from 0 to 2f. theorily Cf. is the carrier frequency of the optical field). Consequently,the measurable rate of hight variation can be extended three times more than the unimproved FTP. This article gives the theory and experiment results of the improved FTP.

Rheology, particle size distribution, and asphaltene deposition of viscous asphaltic crude oil-in-water emulsions for pipeline transportation

Abstract: The rheology of an asphaltic heavy crude oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by an anionic (RN) and a nonionic (TEP) surfactants individually or in a mixture has been studied. The investigated crude oil has a non-Newtonian, time dependent, shear thickening, rheopectic behavior with a relatively high yield stress. The relatively high yield stress of this crude oil is attributed to the presence of a relatively high asphaltene and resins content. The viscosity ofhe crude oil decreases when it is emulsified with synthetic formation water in the form of an oil-in-water type of emulsion using a nonionic or an anionic surfactant. It has been found that, the maximum oil content required for forming an oil-in-water emulsion of acceptable viscosity is the 60% oil-containing emulsion. However, the 70% oil-containing emulsion is not an oil-in-water type of emulsion but it is rather a complicated mixture of oil-in-water-in-oil type of emulsion. The presence of the anionic and the nonionic surfactants together has a syne...

The ultralow interfacial tensions between crude oils and gemini surfactant solutions.

Abstract: In this paper, the interfacial tension between crude oil and solution of cationic gemini surfactant has been studied. It is found that the interfacial tension between crude oil and water is closely related to the nature of a gemini surfactant and oil; meanwhile, in the case without additives, some gemini surfactants or mixtures of some gemini surfactants can reduce the interfacial tension between crude oil and water to an ultralow value.