Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

About: Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources is a government organization based out in Brasília, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Deforestation. The organization has 549 authors who have published 732 publications receiving 13999 citations. The organization is also known as: IBAMA.

A educação ambiental como ferramente contra os maus-tratos e o tráfico de animais silvestres

Abstract: A exploracao desordenada de animais silvestres e considerada uma das maiores causas de perda da biodiversidade e por isso se faz necessario a aplicacao de medidas complementares educacionais, visando favorecer a mudanca de postura pela comunidade em relacao a caca, captura, maus-tratos e posse de fauna. Dessa forma, o Projeto CETAS – Educacao Ambiental teve como principal objetivo a formacao de futuros cidadaos conscientes a respeito da importância da fauna silvestre e o esclarecimento quanto aos prejuizos socioambientais atrelados as questoes da posse irresponsavel, do comercio ilegal e dos maus-tratos aos animais. O publico alvo do trabalho foram 970 criancas com idade entre 10 a 12 anos de 6 escolas particulares do Distrito Federal. Foram produzidos 610 desenhos a respeito da palestra ministrada nas instituicoes de ensino. As criancas demonstraram, em geral, um claro entendimento e conscientizacao a respeito da problematica abordada por meio de suas representacoes e citacoes textuais. Alem disso, foi diagnosticado uma clara ligacao entre o comercio ilegal e, preferencialmente o taxon das aves, o que confirma os numeros reais de tal atividade ilicita no Brasil. Percebeu-se ainda uma media frequencia de representacoes de especimes silvestres exoticos e domesticos, demonstrando uma clara deficiencia no ensino e valorizacao da fauna nativa dentre os livros didaticos, meios de comunicacao e praticas pedagogicas. Medidas pontuais, contudo, nao sao suficientes para modificar a situacao atual. Percebe-se uma clara necessidade de incentivo as campanhas de educacao formal e informal que abordem o tema fauna, de modo a desfazer uma cultura de posse e dominio sobre os animais silvestres enraizada na cultura dos cidadaos brasileiros.

Passagem do fogo sobre fraturas geomórficas no Cerrado: efeitos sobre a vegetação

Abstract: Geomorphic fracture is a natural geologic formation that sometimes forms a deep fissure in the rock with the establishment of soil and vegetation. The objective of this work was to analyze vegetation within geomorphic fractures under the effect of wildfire passage. The biometric variables evaluated before and after fire passage were: diameter, height, leaf area index, timber volume, grass biomass, number of trees and shrubs and of species. Results (in fractures) were compared to adjacent areas (control). The effect of wildfire passage on vegetation within geomorphic fractures was not significant because fire followed plant biomass bed and when it met the fracture (wetter), it changed from soil surface to canopy surface (jump fire effect), affecting without significance the number of plants or species; so, fracture could be plants refuge against fire passage. We could infer in our experimental model that quality of plant biomass bed could be more significant than quantity, and microclimate variability recruits plants to the refuge (geomorphic fracture).

Global phylogeography of sailfish: deep evolutionary lineages with implications for fisheries management

Abstract: Since the Miocene profound climatic changes have influenced the biology and ecology of species worldwide, such as their connectivity, genetic population structure, and biogeography. The goal herein is to evaluate the phylogeography of sailfish Istiophorus platypterus between the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Our results evidenced a high genetic diversity and three distinct populations among the ocean basins with limited gene flow among them. In addition, the species is characterized by two deep evolutionary lineages that diverged during the Miocene/Pliocene transition, one of them is circumtropical while the other is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. These lineages evolved along the successive glacial-interglacial cycles from the Pleistocene and remained isolated from each other in glacial refugium until deglaciation. Assessments of sailfish suggest it may be subject to overfishing and the results herein imply the need to re-evaluate the current stock delimitations and management measures adopted by the Regional Fisheries Management Organizations, especially in the Atlantic and the Indo-Western Pacific oceans to effectively manage the species. In addition, this work highlights that both lineages should at least be treated as two distinct management units in the Atlantic Ocean until their taxonomic status is fully resolved, given their high genetic divergence.

The Impact of Industrial Anthropization on Mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) Communities in Mangrove Areas of Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Abstract: The effects of industrial anthropization on species composition and community diversity of Culicidae (Diptera) were studied in a mangrove area impacted by industrial activities as compared to a preserved area, both around Guanabara Bay in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Diversity, equitability, and species richness in Culicidae community differed between the studied areas. Indicator species analysis and correspondence analysis were carried out and indicated that the Sabethini, especially Wyeomyia (Phoniomyia) theobaldi Lane, Wyeomyia (Phoniomyia) fuscipes (Edwards), and a non-identified species of Wyeomyia sp. were associated to the preserved area, whereas Aedes taeniorhynchus Wiedemann and Aedes scapularis (Rondani) to the impacted area.

Pesca industrial do camarão-rosa na plataforma continental amazônica: aspectos da dinâmica da população, avaliação do estoque e influência dos parâmetros ambientais / Industrial fishing of the brown shrimp in the Amazon continental shelf: dynamic population aspects, stock assessment and influence of environmental parameters

Abstract: Resumo O camarao-rosa ( Farfantepenaeus subtilis ) possui um ciclo de vida curto, mas complexo, habitando areas oceânicas, mais ao norte da area de ocorrencia, na fase adulta e larval, e areas estuarinas e lagunares na fase de pos-larva e juvenil. O pico de reproducao se estende de maio a setembro e, logo apos, as larvas eclodem e iniciam sua migracao para areas costeiras, onde se assentam e residem principalmente entre junho e outubro. A partir de setembro ate janeiro do ano seguinte e maior a intensidade de recrutamento de juvenis as areas oceânicas, onde passam a amadurecer e, a partir de dezembro, comecam a ser alvo da pesca industrial. A maior abundância da populacao adulta em termos de biomassa vai de marco a agosto quando tambem se verificam as maiores capturas. As femeas crescem mais que os machos e estao presentes sempre em maior proporcao nas capturas (61%). Os comprimentos assintoticos foram estimados em 231 mm (machos) e 205 mm (femeas). A populacao apresenta taxa de mortalidade relativamente elevada com acentuadas flutuacoes de recrutamento e abundância, com evidencias de que sao fortemente governadas pelas condicoes ambientais. A vazao do rio Amazonas e o fator ambiental que governa com mais intensidade as condicoes do ambiente costeiro na regiao e verificou-se que suas flutuacoes influenciam a abundância populacional. Postula-se que o aporte e sobrevivencia das larvas e pos-larvas no ambiente costeiro seja influenciada pela intensidade da vazao do rio. O periodo em que se assentam nos bercarios na zona costeira coincide com a estacao de vazante do rio, sendo a sobrevivencia favorecida por vazoes abaixo da media e vice-versa. Portanto, medidas de ordenamento voltadas para o uso sustentavel do recurso devem estar associadas ao conhecimento das condicoes ambientais, bem como a estudos sobre a abundância de pos-larvas e juvenis na faixa costeira. Abstract The brown shrimp ( Farfantepenaeus subtilis ) has a short but complex life cycle, inhabiting oceanic areas, at the north of its distribution during the adult and larval stages, and at estuarine areas and lagoons in post-larval and juvenile stages. Highest intensity of reproduction extends from May to September. Soon after the hatch, the larvae start their migration to coastal areas, passing throughout several stages, where they settle and remain resident between June and October. From September to January of the following year the intensity of recruitment to ocean areas is higher, where they start to mature and from December on they are captured by the industrial fishery. The highest abundance of the adult population in terms of biomass was observed from March to August when the largest catches also occur. Females grow larger than males and are always present in greater proportion in catches (61%). Asymptotic lengths were estimated at 231 mm and 205 mm, for females and males respectively. The population has a natural mortality rate relatively high, 2.53 year -1 for females and 1.83 years -1 for males, and pronounced fluctuations in recruitment and abundance are observed, with evidence of being strongly governed by environmental conditions. The flow of the Amazon River is the main environmental factor that determines the conditions of the coastal environment in the region and it was found that the fluctuations are correlated with with the brown shrimp population abundance. It is postulated that the uptake and survival of larvae and post larvae in the coastal environment is influenced by the intensity of river flow. The settling period at the nurseries in the coastal zone coincides with the dry season and their survival is favored when the flow of the river is below the average, and vice versa. Therefore, management measures facing the sustainable use of the resource must be associated with the knowledge of environmental conditions during this period, as well as studies on the abundance of post-larvae and juveniles in the coastal zone.