Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

About: Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources is a government organization based out in Brasília, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Deforestation. The organization has 549 authors who have published 732 publications receiving 13999 citations. The organization is also known as: IBAMA.

Crescimento e teores de boro em plantas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora) cultivadas em dois latossolos sob influência de doses de boro e disponibilidade de água

Abstract: 3de solo. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, sendo cinco doses de B (0,00; 0,25; 0,75; 2,25; e 6,25 mg kg -1 ); e dois tipos de Latossolo: Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE) e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LV) e duas tensoes hidricas (-0,033 e -0,010 MPa), com quatro repeticoes. Os resultados indicaram que tanto o LV quanto o LE, nas suas condicoes naturais, nao supriram as exigencias de B em Eucalyptus citriodora. Contudo, os maiores incrementos na producao de materia seca das plantas foram observados em baixas doses de B aplicadas. A umidade do solo e um fator importante no aproveitamento de B do solo pelo Eucalyptus citriodora.

A Pesca De Curral No Estado Do Pará

Abstract: A regiao do litoral norte do Brasil e caracterizada por apresentar uma linha de costa bastante diversa onde se localizam inumeros sistemas estuarinos. Possui uma topografia baixa e aporte de grandes volumes de agua doce, principalmente do Rio Amazonas, produzindo processos oceanograficos interdependentes e complexos, que exercem uma forte influencia na distribuicao dos recursos vivos da regiao. Um estudo sobre a producao, o esforco de pesca e a captura por unidade de esforco (CPUE) das principais especies de peixes capturadas em currais-de-pesca no litoral amazonico do estado do Para, durante o periodo de 1995 a 2002, foi realizado visando a fornecer subsidios para o gerenciamento adequado desta pescaria. Para tal foram analisados dados coletados pelo projeto ESTATPESCA, e atraves de entrevistas realizadas com pescadores e pessoas relacionadas com a atividade pesqueira em 15 municipios. A producao de pescado nos currais-de-pesca seguiu a mesma tendencia da producao total desembarcada, com a captura maxima em 1998; a partir de 1999 apresentou uma tendencia de producao decrescente com pequena recuperacao em 2002. As especies com maior participacao relativa, em ordem decrescente, foram a pescada-go (Macrodon ancylodon) 38 %, o bagre (Arius herzbergii) 10 %, o bandeirado (Bagre bagre) 6 %, a corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) 4 % e o peixe-pedra (Genyatremus luteus) 2 %. Os municipios com maior producao desembarcada foram Quatipuru (19,07 %), Curuca (17,11 %), Braganca (12,12 %) e Marapanim (8,14 %). O esforco de pesca seguiu uma tendencia de crescimento durante todo o periodo (1995 a 2002), com uma pequena reducao em 2001 logo compensada em 2002. A producao anual e as CPUE’s do bagre, bandeirado, peixe-pedra e pescada-go apresentaram uma tendencia de queda enquanto que a corvina manteve seus valores com pequenas variacoes ao longo do periodo. Os resultados da analise de variância da CPUE anual pelo teste H de Kruskal-Wallis para cada uma das cinco especies foram significantes nivel de α = 0,05. Foram utilizados os modelos logisticos linear de Schaefer e exponencial de Fox para se estimar os parâmetros da producao das principais especies. O esforco aplicado sobre o bandeirado atingiu 166,6 % do otimo estimado e a captura e a CPUE sao, respectivamente, de apenas 58,6 % e 35,2 % dos otimos estimados. Para as demais especies esses valores variaram como a seguir: corvina = 143,3 %, 74,2 % e 51,9 %; peixe-pedra = 165,6 %, 72,8 % e 44,3 %; bagre = 172,0 %, 43,6 % e 25,3 %; pescada-go = 173,1 %, 45,4 % e 26,2 %. A queda na producao das especies capturadas pelos currais-de-pesca mostra que niveis do esforco acima do valor otimo podem levar a uma situacao de sobrepesca, resultando em drasticas consequencias sobre a produtividade e rendimento economico dos currais-de-pesca. Palavras–chave: curral-de-pesca, principais especies, modelos de producao, esforco de pesca, CPUE, Estado do Para.

Forest-Based Development in Brazil, Chile and Mexico

Abstract: The article reviews the main trends of forest-based development in Brazil, Chile and Mexico during the last four decades. First, summarised comments on forest-based development concepts are presented. An overview of recent development sin forest resources and forest industries and main trends in trade and consumption of each country is presented, and prospects for sustainable management are analysed. Finally, some common and discrepant features of forest-based development in the three countries are discussed. While Brazil and Chile have experienced a rapid development of forestry and forest industries, emerging as important exporters of forest products in the world market, Mexico is the largest importer of forest products in the region. In Brazil and Chile, development policies have played a key role in promoting this rapid sectoral growth. However, markets have been decisive in attracting domestic and foreign investments. In Mexico, the ownership and tenure system, combined with strict policies of maintaining sectoral regulations on industrial expansion,has prevented rapid growth. In spite of the good prospects for continued accelerated growth in Brazil and Chile, the effects of globalisation should be foreseen. The situation in Mexico is uncertain because of its incorporation into NAFTA. A common element in the three countries is the lack of coherent long-term forest policies and programmes that would take into account the interests of all the key stakeholders. This is not only a potential source of conflicts, but could jeopardise the good forest development prospects of these countries. Another Important concern is environmental protection, an issue that is particularly sensitive in Brazil and Mexico where the pace of deforestation continues high. The definition of an optimal mix of market sand policies is an important pending issue in the three countries. Key words: Forest-based development; forest policy; Brazil; Chile; Mexico

Rabies Surveillance In Wild Mammals In South Of Brazil.

Abstract: The sylvatic cycle of rabies, caused by the Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), is maintained in the American Continent by aerial and terrestrial wild mammals. In this study, we combined passive surveillance of rescued wild animals with active serological surveillance in targeting areas at Rio Grande do Sul State and Santa Catarina State, south of Brazil, where bites of humans by wild animals have been reported. Circulation of RABV in Brazilian bats has been extensively demonstrated; however, the observation of such infections in unvaccinated terrestrial mammals is restricted to some regions of the Brazilian territory. The occurrence of rabies infection in unvaccinated animals has been identified by the detection of RABV antigens in brain tissues of dead animals or anti-rabies antibodies in live animals. Such strategies allow the surveillance of rabies and the assessment of spillover risks from infected animals to humans. Our aim included the identification of species of wild mammals that are involved in the sylvatic cycle of rabies virus in Southern Brazil and to assess the risk of rabies infection in patients bitten by wild animals in the state. To assess the anti-rabies seropositivity, sera were submitted to the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Among the 100 mammals tested, five animals were seropositive (5%) including three (one primate and two wild canids) with rabies virus neutralizing antibodies titres >0.5 IU/ml. Our results highlight the exposure to RABV of both primates and wild canids in Southern Brazil and suggest the occurrence of RABV exposure without the development of further symptoms. Further research should clarify the dynamics of rabies in wild canids and whether primates are accidental hosts or reservoirs for RABV at this region.