Showing papers by "Cabot Corporation published in 2000"

Ink jet inks, inks, and other compositions containing colored pigments

Abstract: Colored pigments having one or more desired parameters and/or properties are described. These parameters and/or properties include: (a) a particles size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm; (b) an accusizer number of less than 1010 particles/ml of dispersion at 15% solids which are greater than 0.5 micron; (c) a filterability such that when in a liquid medium, 100 ml having 10% solids of the colored pigment filters through a 3 micron nylon absolute filter; (d) a colored pigment purity of greater than about 80%, based on extractable material; and/or (e) a stability such that the above-described properties do not change by more than 50% at 25 degrees C for at least one week. Colored pigments having at least one organic group and having one or more of the above-described characteristics are also described as well as a process for preparing surface-modified colored pigments. The process involves combining at least one treating agent and at least one type of colored pigment(s) in a container to form a mixture and subjecting the mixture to high shearing and introducing at least one diazotizing agent to the mixture at least for a portion of time while the high shearing is taking place, and preferably during the entire time that high shearing is taking place, such that a reaction product is formed and contains surface-modified colored pigment(s).

Process for preparing colored pigments

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing surface-modified colored pigments. The process includes the steps of: preparing a reaction batch comprising a treating agent and a diazotizing agent; adding a colored pigment to the batch; and mixing the colored pigment and the batch under high shear conditions to form a reaction product comprising a surface-modified colored pigment. The treating agent has an organic group which comprises at least one diazotizable group. In a prefered embodiment the diazotizable group comprises a) at least one aromatic group or at least one C1-C20 alkyl group, and b) at least one ionic group, ionizable group, nonionic group, or a mixture thereof. The surface-modified colored pigments prepared by the process of the present ivention have been found useful in aqueous or solvent based compositions and particularly in ink jet ink compositions.

Carbon–silica dual‐phase filler, a new‐generation reinforcing agent for rubber. Part VI. Time–temperature superposition of dynamic properties of carbon–silica‐dual‐phase‐filler‐filled vulcanizates

Abstract: Dynamic properties such as shear modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor were obtained at a low strain amplitude over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures on vulcanizates filled with carbon black, silica, and carbon-silica dual-phase filler. The data were shifted along the frequency scale. Instead of a single smooth master curve, a pseudomaster curve with a feather-like structure is obtained. This effect is especially pronounced for the loss factor. Multiple factors may be responsible for this. Among others, filler networking and polymer-filler interaction may play a dominant role. The effect of the carbon-silica dual-phase filler on the overall dynamic properties of the vulcanizates is similar to that of silica. Their tan δ values are much lower at lower frequencies and are relatively higher at higher frequencies.

Energy devices and methods for the fabrication of energy devices

Abstract: Energy devices such as batteries and methods for fabricating the energy devices. The devices are small, thin and lightweight, yet provide sufficient power for many handheld electronics.

Modified pigments having steric and amphiphilic groups

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached a) at least one steric group and b) at least one organic ionic group and at least one amphiphilic counterion, wherein the amphiphilic counterion has a charge opposite to that of the organic ionic group. In addition, inks, coatings, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like containing the modified pigment products of the present invention are described. Methods of making the modified pigment products are also described.

Cationic pigments and aqueous compositions containing same

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic pigments having an organic group which comprises: a) at least one aromatic group, at least one C1-C20 alkyl group, or both; and b) at least one cationically charged ionic group, at least one cationically chargeable ionizable group or both, and a corresponding counter-anion. The cationic pigments of the present invention have been found useful in aqueous or solvent based compositions and particularly in ink compositions, especially ink jet ink compositions. A method for preparing the cationic pigments is also disclosed.

Polymerized modified particles and methods of making the same

Abstract: Various modified particles are described which can be used in polymerizations to attach one or more polymers onto modified particles. Also described are the resulting modified particles having attached monomer or polymer groups as well as methods of preparing such modified particles. The polymer groups on the modified particles can be terminated and these various modified particles with attached groups can be used in a variety of end uses.

Modified carbon products useful in gas diffusion electrodes

Abstract: Gas-diffusion electrodes containing modified carbon products are described wherein the modified carbon product is a carbon product having attached at least one organic group. The modified carbon product comprises a carbon product having attached at least one hydrophobic organic group and at least one hydrophilic group. The modified carbon product can be used for at least one component of the electrodes such as the active layer and/or the blocking layer. Methods to extend the service life of electrodes as well as methods to reduce the amount of fluorine containing compounds are also described.

Methods and apparatus for producing and treating novel elastomer composites

Abstract: Elastomer masterbatch is processed in a continuous compounder (100) having multiple parallel elongate rotors (106) axially oriented in an elongate processing chamber (104). Optionally, additional materials are compounded into the masterbatch, e.g., additives (58, 59), other elastomeric compositions, etc. Preferably, the masterbatch then is further processed in an open mill (120). Excellent control of Mooney Viscosity is achieved. In certain preferred embodiments, elastomer composites are produced by novel continuous flow methods and apparatus in which fluid streams of particulate filler (57) and elastomer latex (58) are fed to the mixing zone (14, 50) of a coagulum reactor (48) to form a coagulated mixture in semi-confined flow continuously from the mixing zone (50) through a coagulum zone (52) to a discharge end (68) of the reactor. The particulate filler fluid is fed under high pressure to the mixing zone (50), such as to form a jet stream to entrain elastomer latex fluid sufficiently energetically to substantially completely coagulate the elastomer with the particular filler prior to the discharge end (68) without need of adding acid or salt solution or other coagulation step. The coagulated elastomer and particular filler composite is fed into the aforesaid continuous compounder (100) for processing and control of its moisture level and Mooney Viscosity.

Ceria composition and process for preparing same

Abstract: The present invention provides a cerium oxide particulate composition and a process for preparing a cerium oxide particulate composition comprising aggregates of approximately spherical primary particles of cerium oxide. The method involves preparing a solution of a cerium oxide precursor, aerosolizing the cerium oxide precursor solution, and heating the aerosol to provide the cerium oxide particle composition.

Capacitors and supercapacitors containing modified carbon products

Abstract: Capacitors, including supercapacitors, are described wherein the electrode contains at least one modified carbon product, wherein the modified carbon product is at least one carbon product having attached at least one organic group. The use of the modified carbon product in the electrodes for capacitors preferably leads to improved capacitance and/or lower internal resistance of the capacitor. Further, the use of modified carbon products in the electrodes for capacitors permits easier manufacturing steps for the production of capacitors.

Aggregates having attached polymer groups and polymer foams

Abstract: An aggregate having attached at least one type of polymer is described, wherein the aggregate comprises at least one carbon phase and at least one silicon-containing species phase. Other aggregates which can have a polymer attached include, but are not limited to, an aggregate comprising at least one carbon phase and at least one metal-containing species phase and carbon black at least partially coated with silica. Methods of making the aggregate are further described which involve combining the starting aggregate with a reactive polymer and mixing in order to attach the polymer onto the aggregate. Uses of the aggregate are further described such as incorporating the aggregate into polymer foams and other polymeric products as well as elastomeric products. Polymer foam compositions are also described and contain polymer foam and chemically modified carbonaceous filler, specifically, carbonaceous filler having polymer moieties chemically bonded to the carbonaceous particulates. Exemplary carbonaceous fillers include carbon black, activated carbon, graphite, carbon fibers, fibrils and the like. The polymer moieties have a valence orbital bond to the carbonaceous particulate, such as an ionic or covalent bond. The chemical bond survives shear forces and the like, such as would be encountered by filler material in a reaction injection molding process for the manufacture of filled polyurethane foam insulation panels.

Scratch resistance behavior of model coating systems

Abstract: Coatings are often subjected to physical deformations caused by car wash brushes, tree limbs, keys, fingernails, and the like, which may result in mechanical abrasion. The resistance of the coating to scratches imposed by such mechanical abrasions has been studied through the utilization of laboratory tests such as nanoindentors, crockmeters, scanning probe microscopes, and taber abraders. Little emphasis, however, has been placed on the influence of coating attributes on measured scratch resistance. In this study we attempt to relate the effect of coating glass transition temperature, crosslink density, and crosslink type in a series of formulated waterborne polyurethane dispersion clearcoats on resultant scratch resistance. Methods utilized to impart the scratches, e.g., scanning probe microscopy, weighted fingernail, and crockmeter, as well as related coating physical properties measured, e.g., viscoelastic behavior, hardness, and tensile strength, are discussed. The scratch resistance of model coating systems analyzed was found to be dependent upon the base resin Tg, which affected the surface hardness of the coating and the toughness of the crosslinked network, as measured by the method of essential work. Coatings that exhibited both hard surfaces and tough-elastic network integrity afforded the optimized scratch resistance behavior.

Elastomeric compositions containing polymer coated carbon products and other pigments

Abstract: Elastomeric compositions contain at least one elastomer and a polymer coated modified carbon product wherein the polymer at least partially coats the modified carbon product. The modified product preferably has at least one organic group attached to the carbon product and the organic group is preferably substituted with an ionic, ionizable, or polar group for preparation in polar or aqueous based media. Methods of making the polymer coated modified carbon product are also described, such as by aqueous-based or solvent free polymerization methods, organic solvent based polymerization methods, or solution coating methods. Polymeric products and masterbatches containing the polymer coated modified carbon products are also described as well as methods to improve properties such as impact properties and tensile properties.

Carbon blacks useful in wire and cable compounds

Abstract: Novel carbon blacks are described wherein the carbon blacks have a nitrogen surface area of from about 65 to about 95 m2/g; an Iodine number without additive of from about 64 to about 120 mg/g; a tinting strength of about 90 % or less; and a particle size of from about 22 nm to about 39 nm. Polymeric compositions containing at least one polymer and the carbon blacks of the present invention are further described as well as preferred polymeric compositions, such as wire and cable compounds containing the carbon blacks of the present invention in such uses as shielding compositions. Electrical conductors containing one or more layers which contain the carbon blacks of the present invention are further described as well as improved properties using the carbon blacks of the present invention.

Inkjet ink and other ink compositions containing cyclic amides

Abstract: An ink, such as an inkjet ink composition is described which contains at least one colorant, at least one liquid vehicle, at least one humectant, and at least one cyclic amide. Methods to improve the resistance to highlighter smear, minimize banding of a printed image, improve the dry or wet rub resistance of a printed image, and/or improve the waterfastness of a printed image using the ink compositions of the present invention are further described.

The Effect of Wafer Shape on Slurry Film Thickness and Friction Coefficients in Chemical Mechanical Planarization

Abstract: The fluid film thickness and drag during chemical-mechanical polishing are largely dependent on the shape of the wafer polished. In this study we use dual emission laser induced fluorescence to measure the film thickness and a strain gage, mounted on the polishing table, to measure the friction force between the wafer and the pad. All measurements are taken during real polishing processes. The trends indicate that with a convex wafer in contact with the polishing pad, the slurry layer increases with increasing platen speed and decreases with increasing downforce. The drag force decreases with increasing platen speed and increases with increasing downforce. These similarities are observed for both in-situ and ex-situ conditioning. However, these trends are significantly different for the case of a concave wafer in contact with the polishing pad. During ex-situ conditioning the trends are similar as with a convex wafer. However, in-situ conditioning decreases the slurry film layer with increasing platen speed, and increases it with increasing downforce in the case of the concave wafer. The drag force increases with increasing platen speed as well as increasing downforce. Since we are continually polishing, the wafer shape does change over the course of each experiment causing a larger error in repeatability than the measurement error itself. Different wafers are used throughout the experiment and the results are consistent with the variance of the wafer shape. Local pressure measurements on the rotating wafer help explain the variances in fluid film thickness and friction during polishing.

Ink compositions having modified pigments with high or low treatment levels

Abstract: Ink compositions having modified pigments with high or low treatment levels are described. Ink compositions having modified pigments with high treatment levels comprise 1) at least one liquid vehicle and 2) at least one modified pigment, wherein the modified pigment comprises at least one pigment having attached at least one organic group substituted with at least one anionic group, at least one anionizable group, or a mixture thereof, wherein the organic group is present at a treatment level of from about 4.5 to about 7.5 micromoles/m2 of the pigment used based on nitrogen surface area of the pigment. Ink compositions having modified pigments with low treatment levels comprise 1) at least one liquid vehicle and 2) at least one modified pigment, wherein the modified pigment comprises at least one pigment having attached at least one organic group substituted with at least one cationic group, at least one cationizable group, or a mixture thereof, wherein the organic group is present at a treatment level of from about 1 to about 4 micromoles/m2 of the pigment used based on nitrogen surface area of the pigment. The present invention further relates to methods for improving intercolor bleed properties of an ink, by using the above-described components in an ink.

Surface coating composition

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface coating composition comprising a resin, a hydrophobic metal oxide, and a carrier, wherein said composition, after application to a substrate, is characterized by moisture resistance, organic alcohol resistance, and a matting effect. In addition, the present invention provides a method of matting a surface coating composition and enhancing the moisture and chemical resistance of the composition, as well as a method of treating a substrate with the surface coating composition, and a substrate coated with such a surface coating composition.

Making niobium and other metal powders by milling

Abstract: Methods of forming niobium powders and other metal powders are described. The method involves milling the metal powders at elevated temperatures and in the presence of at least one liquid solvent. The methods of the present invention have the ability to reduce DC leakage and/or increase capacitance capabilities of metal powders when formed into capacitor anodes. The present invention further has the ability to significantly reduce the milling time necessary to form high surface area metal powders and leads to reducing the amount of contaminants in the metal powders. Metal powders such as niobium powders having reduced amount of contaminants and/or having DC leakage or capacitance capabilities are also described. A process is further described for forming a flaked metal by wet-milling a metal powder into a flaked metal wherein at least one liquid fluorinated fluid is present during the wet-milling process. The process is particularly well suited for forming metal flakes, such as niobium or tantalum flakes, of high purity.

Method of attaching a group to a pigment

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption. A modified pigment product is described comprising a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula: —X—[NIon]pR wherein X comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon comprises at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen or comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 500. Modified pigment products are also described comprising a pigment having attached at least one alkylene oxide group or at least one polymeric group. In addition, other types of modified pigment products are described as well as their incorporation into inks, coatings, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. Methods of making the modified pigment products are also described.

Thermally reflective layer-porous metal oxide film insulation composite

Abstract: The present invention is an insulating composite comprising (a) a first thermally reflective layer having a reflective surface and an opposite surface, (b) a second thermally reflective layer having a reflective surface and an opposite surface, and (c) a porous metal oxide film having a thickness of 20 νm or less that is positioned between the first and second thermally reflective layers such that there is substantially no direct physical contact (thermal bridging) between the first and second thermally reflective layers. The present invention further includes an insulating element in which the insulating composite is disposed within an air-impermeable container.

Process and apparatus for producing carbon blacks

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for introducing a fluid stream into a carbon black reactor and for producing carbon black. According to the present invention a fluid stream comprising an oxidant; nitrogen, hydrogen, a hydrocarbonaceous material or mixtures thereof is introduced into the effluent flowing through a carbon black reactor in an axial direction.

Compositions comprising water soluble copolymer and cesium salt of a carboxylic acid

Abstract: Novel polymer compositions are disclosed, along with their use as well service fluids, for example as completion fluids, work-over fluids or drilling fluids, comprising water soluble copolymers having sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, along with alkali metal salts of carboxylic acid. Exemplary copolymer has 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt thereof, and 5 to 95 wt. % structural units derived from acrylic acid or salt thereof. A salt of the polymer may be used, such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium and calcium salts. Exemplary alkali metal salts of the polymer composition include sodium, potassium and cesium salts of formic acid and/or acetic acid in amounts suitable to develop high temperature viscosity suitable for such well servicing fluids. The polymer composition is hydrateble/soluble in a brine of sodium and/or potassium and/or cesium salts of formic and/or acetic acid.

High temperature rotating vacuum kiln and method for heat treating solid particulate material under a vacuum

Abstract: A rotating vacuum kiln (1) and method for heat treating solid particulate material under vacuum conditions uses a rotating refractory metal cylindrical vessel (2) with a cool inlet zone (3), hot intermediate zone (6), and cool exit zone (7), with a first series of inner radiation shields (25) provided at the hot intermediate zone adjacent the cool inlet zone (5) and a second series of inner radiation shields (29) provided at the hot intermediate zone (6) adjacent the cool exit zone (7) to protect those two zones from the high temperatures in the hot intermediate zone. Heat for the hot intermediate zone of the cylindrical vessel is provided indirectly by electrical resistance heaters (35) that surround the vessel and outer radiation shields (37, 38) are provided about the heaters to direct heat to the cylindrical vessel.

Direct-write deposition of phosphor powders

Abstract: A liquid suspension of phosphor particles and method for depositing the liquid suspension. The suspension advantageously has a low viscosity with a high solids-loading of phosphor particles. The apparent density of the phosphor particles is well-controlled to enable the particles to be dispersed in the liquid vehicle. The suspension is useful in direct-write tools such as ink-jet devices.

Gyricon displays containing modified particles

Abstract: A gyricon display containing modified particles is disclosed. The gyricon display has an arrangement of bichromal or polychromal elements which are disposed between a first and second electrode. One of the electrodes is substantially visually transparent. The display also has means for creating a potential difference between the two electrodes. Also, each bichromal element has two hemispheres, wherein one of the hemispheres has at least a surface containing at least one modified colored pigment having attached at least one organic group and the other hemisphere has at least a surface with a different color and different electrical property. The organic group preferably includes at least one ionic, ionizable group, or both. Each bichromal or polychromal element is enclosed within a shell wherein a liquid is present between the shell and the element so that the element is free to rotate in response. Methods of making the gyricon display are also disclosed.

Production of dielectric particles

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing barium titanate-based particulate compositions. The method includes a heat treatment step, separate from a sintering step, that involves treating a barium titanate-based particulate composition at a temperature between about 700° C. and about 1150° C. to increase average particle size. The increased average particle size can improve the electrical properties (i.e., dielectric constant and dissipation factor) of the heat-treated composition as compared to the composition prior to heat treating. The heat-treated composition may be further processed, for example, by producing a dispersion which may be cast and sintered to form a dielectric layer in electronic components including MLCCs.