Showing papers by "California State University, Long Beach published in 1978"

Toward a Psychological Theory of Multidimensional Activation (Arousal)

Abstract: The traditional physiologically defined activation or arousal continuum, which ranges from intense emotion and vigorous activity on one extreme to calmness and sleep on the other, is rejected in favor of a psychological model with two activation dimensions and a single continuum of energy expenditure. One activation dimension ranges from subjectively defined feelings of energy and vigor to the opposite feelings of sleepiness and tiredness. Activation states associated with this dimension regularly vary in a circadian rhythm, and this dimension underlies gross physical activity and many aspects of cognition. The second dimension ranges from subjective tension to placidity and quietness, and it probably underlies a variety of emotions (e.g., anxiety) and stress reactions (e.g., effects of loud noise). While the two dimensions are positively correlated at moderate levels of energy expenditure, they are negatively correlated at high levels of expenditure; therefore, tension is lowest when energy-vigor is greatest and vice versa. Vulnerability to tension increases at late night, early morning, and at other times when effort and stress have increased tiredness and reduced vigorousness. Extremely low activation on either dimension de-energizes the whole system. Although only two dimensions are assumed, the possibility of four or more activation dimensions is discussed.

Factor Analytic and Reliability Studies on the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List:

Abstract: Two factor analytic studies were conducted on a revised long form and a short form of the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List, a self-report test of transitory activation or arousal states. Although previous research indicated that the check list is composed of four independent activation factors, the present research instead suggests two general bipolar activation dimensions. However, certain evidence indicates that the concept of four separate activation factors cannot be completely abandoned. A third study showed high measurement reliability on two kinds of estimates.

Significance of Changes in R Wave Amplitude During Treadmill Stress Testing: Angiographic Correlation

Abstract: Coronary angiograms and treadmill stress tests were reviewed in 89 patients. Changes in R wave amplitude were measured in the control and immediate postexercise periods. Of 45 patients with normal coronary arteries, 41 (91 percent) had a decrease in R wave amplitude (P less than 0.01); 3 (7 percent) had an increase in amplitude, including 2 with abnormal left ventriculograms. The remaining patient (2 percent) had abnormal wall motion but no change in R wave amplitude. Among the 44 patients with significant coronary artery disease (70 percent or greater luminal narrowing in one or more vessels), R wave amplitude increased after exercise in 26 (59 percent) with more severe coronary artery disease. R wave amplitude decreased in 18 patients (41 percent) with normal or minimally abnormal resting ventriculograms and less severe coronary artery disease (P less than 0.01). Changes in R wave amplitude reflect ventricular function, an increase in R wave amplitude reflecting more severe dysfunction and severe coronary narrowing. A decreased R wave amplitude indicates normal or minimal dysfunction and is strongly associated with normal coronary angiograms.

Significance of chest pain during treadmill exercise: correlation with coronary events.

Abstract: A follow-up study of 1,402 patients with a positive maximal treadmill stress test was made to evaluate the significance of angina during the test. Life tables were constructed and evaluated for significance of age, sex and work load at onset of angina. Coronary events (myocardial infarction, progression of angina and coronary death) were twice as frequent in subjects with angina and S-T segment depression as in those without angina. The increased incidence in 4 years held for all coronary events and was still doubled at 7 years for progression of angina and coronary death. The incidence of coronary events was more than twice as great when the angina was induced by a light work load (4 metabolic equivalents = METS) as when it was induced by a heavy work load (8 to 9 METS). Men aged 41 to 50 years having angina during exercise testing had a 3-fold greater incidence of coronary events and a 4-fold greater incidence of myocardial infarction compared with their counterparts who had S-T segment depression alone. In this study, angina during exercise testing identified 85% of true positive tests for coronary artery disease, whereas S-T depression alone identified only 64% of such tests. Thus, angina during exercise testing increases the sensitivity of the test and identifies cohorts of subjects at high risk for subsequent coronary events.

Comparison of S-T segment changes on exercise testing with angiographic findings in patients with prior myocardial infarction

Abstract: Ninety-seven patients with a prior transmural myocardial infarction who underwent coronary angiography and treadmill stress testing were studied retrospectively to assess the reliability of the exercise electrocardiogram in detecting additional disease in patients with a prior infarction. In patients with a previous inferior wall infarction, the S-T response to the treadmill stress test had a high degree of sensitivity (87 percent) and specificity (90 percent) in detecting additional significant coronary artery disease. However, in patients with a previous anteroseptal wall Infarction, the S-T response had much less sensitivity (52 percent), but the degree of specificity remained high (90 percent). In this group a positive test suggested the presence of ischemia in the lateral or inferoposterior region of the myocardium, or both. A negative S-T response was of little value In distingulshing among groups of patients with single or multiple vessel coronary artery disease. The presence of an anterior ventricular aneurysm is most likely responsible for this low sensitivity rate because it generates an opposing force to the ischemic vector, thereby cancelling the S-T segment changes and producing a false negative treadmill stress test. The resting surface electrocardiogram proved useful in predicting a false negative exercise test. The presence of Q waves in the precordial leads extending to lead V 4 or beyond decreased the sensltivity rate of treadmill stress testing to 33 percent.

Effects of System Compliance on Liquefaction Tests

Abstract: A theoretical analysis of the errors arising from volumetric compliance in cyclic liquefaction tests on saturated sands is presented. For cyclic simple shear tests, compliance occurs with changes in membrane thickness, membrane stretch in corners, and expansion of the confining frame as pore-water pressures increase. For cyclic triaxial tests, compliance arises from reductions in membrane penetration. Compliance is shown to cause significant increases in stress ratios causing initial liquefaction. For triaxial tests, computations indicate that measured increases in stress ratios causing initial liquefaction with increase in grain size are primarily attributable to the effects of membrane penetration. The compliance effect arising from partial saturation is also examined, and significant increases in stress ratios causing initial liquefaction with only small reductions from full saturation are shown to occur. The difficulties of eliminating the effects of system compliance from undrained liquefaction tests suggest the use of constant volume simple shear liquefaction tests where drained samples are tested under constant volume conditions.

Parasites and associated pathology observed in cetaceans stranded along the Oregon coast.

Abstract: Forty-two seals and sea lions found dead along the Oregon Coast were examined for parasites and associated pathology. Nematode infections of the lung and/or gastrointestinal tract were the primary cause of death in 5 of 42 animals examined. New distribution records were established for Pricetrema zalophi and Zalophotrema hepaticum. New host records include Z. hepaticum and Diphyllobothrium cordatum in the Steller's sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus); Nanophyetus salmincola in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus); P. zalophi in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina); and P. zalophi, Trigonocotyle sp. and Otostrongylus circumlitus in the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris).

Metallic sandwich structure and method of fabrication

Abstract: The structure and the process for making a metallic sandwich structure in which metal worksheets, preferably made from titanium alloy, are joined in a preselected pattern by an intermittent or discontinuous weld. The joined sheets are sealed by a continuous weld to form an expandable envelope. Application of inert gas pressure to the envelope in a limiting fixture superplastically produces the sandwich structure as the expanded structure diffusion bonds to itself or other worksheets. Core configuration of the structure is determined by the intermittent weld pattern. Face sheets of the sandwich structure may be formed from one sheet of the envelope or may be inserted in the limiting fixture and the envelope expanded against the face sheets. Additionally, the face sheets may be preformed or formed concurrently with the core to produce the desired core and sandwich shape in a single operation.

Phase nulling optical gyro

Abstract: A beam of light is split and introduced into different ends of a light path whose rotation is to be sensed. At least one frequency shifter is placed in the light path to affect the frequency difference of the two beams so as to introduce or adjust a nonreciprocal phase shift. The beams are then mixed back together and the resultant beam is detected and analyzed by suitable circuitry to provide an output indicative of rotation of the light path.

Extrusion of endodontically treated teeth

Abstract: Extrusion in a vertical direction was used successfully in efforts to restore teeth that had subcrestal fractures, perforations, or caries below the gingival tissue. Extrusion in a vertical direction was used in efforts to retain 14 teeth that had subcrestal fractures, perforations, or caries below the gingival tissue. Indications for the procedure, techniques, and complications are discussed.

Effect of Multidirectional Shaking on Pore Pressure Development in Sands

Abstract: The effect of multidirectional shaking on the liquefaction of saturated sands is estimated using the results of multidirectional shaking table tests that measured the settlement of dry sand and a model of the mechanism of liquefaction of saturated sands that uses data obtained in cyclic simple shear tests on dry sand. It is shown that excess pore pressures may develop twice as fast under two equal horizontal components of motion than is the case under a single component, but that a reduction of only 10% in the shear stresses causing liquefaction is normally adequate to account for the effect of multidirectional shaking in analyses of liquefaction potential.

Chrysotherapy. suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis

Abstract: Forty-four subjects with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis who were on individualized chrysotherapy were observed for changes in serum protein electrophoresis, immunoglobulins, and circulating lymphocyte counts. By paired variate analysis, significant declines from pretreatment values were recorded for the following--electrophoretic protein fractions: gamma, alpha-1, alpha-2, (P less than 0.05); immunoglobulins: IgM--53% (P less than 0.001), IgG--37% (P less than 0.01), IgA--34% (P less than 0.001). Rheumatoid factor decreased in 29 of 39 subjects, 15 becoming seronegative (P less than 0.001); circulating lymphocytes decreased by 27% (P less than 0.001). The maximal suppressive effect on IgG and IgM was not achieved until the third and fourth years of therapy by sustained weekly administration of gold sodium thiomalate (one year cumulative dosage, mean 2106 mg, range 1065-2,885; greater than or equal to 4 year cumulative dosage, mean 8747 mg, range 5,385-15,160 mg). An immunosuppressive effect is suggested by these results.

The Compleat Angler: Aggressive Mimicry in an Antennariid Anglerfish

Abstract: A case of aggressive mimicry is described in which an anglerfish of the genus Antennarius (order Lophiiformes) utilizes a lure that mimics a small fish. The lure provides not only a highly attractive visual cue but presumably also a low-frequency pressure stimulus for potential prey with a minimum of energy expenditure.

Static mixing apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus for mixing materials having no moving parts in which a plurality of mixing elements are arranged in parallel around the inner periphery of a conduit. The elements are held in place around the periphery by a support member which is positioned along the longitudinal axis of the conduit. Substantial stream division of material flowing in the mixer conduit is achieved over a short distance with a minimum pressure drop. Each of the plurality of elements initially imparts a rotational vector to portions of the material stream.

Heritability of Quasi-Continuous Skeletal Traits in a Randombred Population of House Mice

Abstract: Heritabilities of 11 quasi-continuous skeletal traits were estimated in randombred house mice of three separate ages (1, 3, and 5 months). Three separate methods—regression, maximum likelihood correlation, and Falconer's Method—were used to obtain heritabilities for each of the separate age groups. Significant differences in the incidences of seven of the skeletal traits were found among ages, but they did not affect the heritability estimates, these estimates being pooled over ages. Heritabilities calculated from female parents were consistently higher (by about 13%) than those from male parents, indicating the presence of maternal effects. Mid-parent estimates made by all three methods gave very similar mean levels (0.17 — 0.20). Although low, this level compared favorably with that expected on the basis of previously estimated rates of accumulation of genetic variance. Maternal effects estimated from full sib correlations averaged 0.08.

Relation of Seasonal Changes in Extrafloral Nectar and Foliar Protein and Arthropod Populations in Cotton

Abstract: Insects found to feed on cotton extrafloral nectar included Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Geocoris pallens Stal (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Collops vittatus (Say)(Coleoptera: Melyridae), and Notoxus calcaratus Horn (Coleoptera: Anthicidae). The maximum volume of extrafloral nectar was produced in late July. Soluble solids in the nectar and percentage protein in the foliage were highest in young plants and decreased as the plants matured. Western flower thrips were abundant in flowers from late July to mid-Aug. The thrips population decreased when the last bolls set and nectar production and foliar protein levels were low. A small population of western bigeyed bugs was found on cotton throughout the season. The predators fed on thrips but did not show a pronounced numerical response to increases in the prey population. Bigeyed bugs were found to use extrafloral nectar as an alternate food. These observations uphold the concept that cotton extrafloral nectaries support small predator populations that protect the plant from phytophagous insect attack. Spider mites became abundant in Aug. and the mite population increased even though the protein content of the leaves was decreasing. Minute pirate bugs fed on both thrips and nectar, but the number of predators only increased after the mite population increased.

An attempt at prevention of obesity in infancy.

Abstract: A study of The Prudent Diet in early infancy was undertaken in a test group of 80 infants as an attempt to prevent overweight in a private practice setting. This group was compared with another group of 50 infants born in 1964 who were fed the standard infant diet then in use. Although an incidence of 34.1% overweight was present in the comparison group as compared with 25% in the diet group at age 3 months, by age 3 years the comparison still showed a 25.5% prevalence of overweight as compared with the study group with a significantly lower incidence of only 1.28%. These results require confirmation from other investigators, as well as long-term follow-up observation of patients before one could consider recommending such a diet for widespread use.

Ozone removal filter containing manganese dioxide and ceric oxide catalysts

Abstract: Production of a device or filter for removal of ozone from air, e.g. in aircraft cabins, by depositing an oxide film containing manganese dioxide on a substrate, particularly a light weight thermally stable substrate, e.g. polybenzimidazole, by treatment with a permanganate solution containing a soluble ceric salt such as ceric ammonium nitrate, and preferably also a dichromate such as sodium dichromate, to form a dense strongly adherent film or coating of MnO 2 , ceric oxide and preferably also chromic oxide, on the substrate. A solution containing an oxidizable organic component such as abietic acid can be first applied to the substrate, followed by treatment with the above permanganate solution.

Associative interconnection circuit

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus uses an associative memory technique for the selective coupling of circuit elements to a data bus wherein each element is assigned an associative address and is coupled to the data bus when it receives said address on its address lines. The apparatus further comprises a reconfiguration control unit for assigning associative addresses to all elements, allowing said elements to be addressed at random. When one function element is to be substituted for another, the reconfiguration control unit assigns the address of the replaced element to the replacing element. In this way, the user continues to use the same address, making an element replacement transparent to the user, thereby avoiding reprogramming by the user. In the preferred embodiment the associative address is stored in nonvolatile memory so that it will not be lost when power is turned off, but is electrically reprogrammable if necessary or desired. Power to each element may also be supplied through a bus line so that when the element is not addressed or is uncoupled, the power is disconnected, reducing the drive current required to operate an array of circuit elements. This technique is especially useful for wafer scale integration where a plurality of functional elements are contained on one wafer. The control unit can test the elements, designate some of the operable elements for use and designate the remaining operable elements as spares. Upon the failure of an element which is being used, the control unit can assign an unused address to the original element and the original address to the replacement element. Thus, the capability of random sparing of function elements can be accomplished on a single wafer in a way that is transparent to the user.

Ball pivot thrust bearing flex joint

Abstract: A ball pivot thrust bearing flex joint assembly having an inner race member and an outer race member, the inner surface of the outer race member being a concave spherical self lubricating surface which provides a maximum envelopment of the complementary convex spherical outer surface of the inner pivoting ball race. The inner race ball is provided with a through aperture along the axis of primary motion for acceptance of a through shaft or bolt, and is provided with integral lateral extensions which are necked down to provide clearance for secondary axis motion. The end portions of the through hole aperture are provided with self lubricating bearings which support the radial loads and accommodate main axis rotation. Flat, washer type, self lubricating bearings are provided between the ends of the inner race pivoting ball and the associated clevis. Thus high thrust loads are accommodated with limited secondary axis motion about the complementary spherical surfaces and primary motion is accommodated about the shaft or bolt center line radial bearings.

Pliocene-Pleistocene Diastrophism of Santa Monica and San Pedro Shelves, California Continental Borderland

Abstract: Data from geophysical profiling and from jet and dart coring have been used to study the late Cenozoic history of the Santa Monica and San Pedro Shelves. Deformed strata commonly crop out on the outer shelf and consist chiefly of shale belonging to the Monterey Shale and the Repetto Formation (middle Miocene through lower upper Pliocene). In contrast, undeformed sands and silts, primarily beneath the inner shelf, represent the Pico and San Pedro Formations (uppermost Pliocene through middle Pleistocene) as well as unnamed upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Together with the Palos Verdes Hills and the Lasuen Knoll, outer-shelf strata have been folded into five northwest-trending en echelon anticlinoria. One anticlinorium is in a structural depression directly north of Redondo Canyon and has been buried beneath undeformed sediments. This depression facilitated initial development of the canyon during late Pleistocene time. An east- ortheast-striking fault, termed the "Redondo Canyon fault," separates the Redondo platform anticlinorium from the Palos Verdes Hills anticlinorium. Formation of the anticlinoria and the Redondo Canyon fault is attributed to convergent dextral shear along the northwest-striking Palos Verdes fault after early Pliocene time. Although displacement along the Palos Verdes fault has continued in San Pedro Bay through late Pleistocene time, the absence of large vertical separation in the upper 300 m of strata in Santa Monica Bay north of the Redondo platform anticlinorium indicates that the fault has been relatively inactive there at least since the beginning of late Pleistocene time. These observations infer that the late Quaternary uplift of the Palos Verdes Hills was decoupled from the Santa onica shelf along the Redondo Canyon fault, and may have occurred because the Santa Monica Shelf restrained the relative northwestward movement of the Palos Verdes Hills block. It is suggested that late Pliocene and early Pleistocene diastrophism in the California continental borderland was characterized by convergent dextral shear accompanied by en echelon folding. This contrasts with the middle and early late Miocene history of widespread faulting and large lateral displacements proposed by other investigators. The transition in the style and locus of deformation between 12 and 3 m.y.B.P. may be related to a change in the orientation of the transform boundary between the North American and Pacific plates, changing slip rates along the San Andreas fault, and, possibly, differences in slip rates along the San Andreas north and south of the Transverse Ranges.

Ozone removal filter having manganese dioxide coated thereon

Abstract: Filter for removal of ozone from air, e.g. in aircraft cabins, comprising a porous and preferably light weight and thermally stable substrate, particularly an organic polymer such as polybenzimidazole, containing a film or coating of manganese dioxide. The article can be formed by treating the substrate with a permanganate solution under conditions to reduce the permanganate to MnO 2 .

The dynamics of riot growth: An epidemiological approach

Abstract: A new approach to the study of large‐scale urban riots has resulted in the discovery of remarkably coherent patterns in the distribution of riot events over time. Patterns within three major riots suggest that the dynamics of the spread of riot behavior during a riot can be fruitfully compared to those operative in classical epidemics. We therefore conceptualize riots as behavioral epidemics, and apply the mathematical theory of epidemics to data from the Los Angeles (1965), Detroit (1967), and Washington, D.C., (1968) riots.