Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 1990"
Book•
01 Jan 1990TL;DR: Computer Ethics has been thoroughly revised and updated with new anecdotes, new revelations, and lively discussion of the ethical, social, and professional issues arising from the computer revolution, such as computer crime, software theft, hacking, viruses, and the invasion of privacy.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
For anyone interested in the issues arising from computer malfunctions and, more perniciously, from misuse, this new edition of Computer Ethics is right on the mark. Widely acclaimed for its readability and its balanced and authoritative coverage, Computer Ethics has been thoroughly revised and updated with new anecdotes, new revelations, and lively discussion of the ethical, social, and professional issues arising from the computer revolution, such as computer crime, software theft, hacking, viruses, and the invasion of privacy.
An entirely rewritten first chapter is followed by expanded chapters that contain compelling new case studies and analyses. A new final section contains 10 hypothetical scenarios for group discussion. Copies of the ACM Code of Ethics and the ACM-IEEE Computing Curricula are included in the appendixes.
Tom Forester is Senior Lecturer in the School of Computing and Information Technology at Griffith University, Queensland, Australia, and is editor or author of seven books on the social aspects of computers. Perry Morrison lectures in psychology at the National University of Singapore.
176 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply methods developed for oscillator phases to the problem of describing a rotation angle by a Hermitian operator with well-determined and reasonable properties, which provides deeper insight into the quantum-mechanical nature of rotating systems.
Abstract: The formulation of the quantum description of the rotation angle of the plane rotator has been beset by many of the long-standing problems associated with harmonic-oscillator phases. We apply methods recently developed for oscillator phases to the problem of describing a rotation angle by a Hermitian operator. These methods involve use of a finite, but arbitrarily large, state space of dimension 2l+1 that is used to calculate physically measurable quantum properties, such as expectation values, as a function l. Physical results are then recovered in the limit as l tends to infinity. This approach removes the indeterminacies caused by working directly with an infinite-dimensional state space. Our results show that the classical rotation angle observable does have a corresponding Hermitian operator with well-determined and reasonable properties. The existence of this operator provides deeper insight into the quantum-mechanical nature of rotating systems.
149 citations
TL;DR: Protein yields from enzyme purification, as well as electrophoretic analyses of crude and purified enzyme preparations, demonstrated that this enzyme is the major soluble protein in bovine cornea, and constitutes around 0.5% wet weight of tissue.
133 citations
TL;DR: From field observations of an intimate association between P. corethrurus and the sugarcane roots, it is suggested that this species may derive much of its tissue C from rhizospherc sources.
Abstract: The pantropical, geophagous earthworm species Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller) is common in lowland soils supporting sugarcanc in notheastern Queensland. In comparison with situations where harvest residues are burned, its populations are substantially increased under cultural treatments in which harvest residues are retained as a surface mulch or are mechanically incorporated into the topsoil. The δ 13 C values of stem and leaf materials, soil organic matter and the earthworm whole-body tissues and casts were determined. It is unlikely that P. corethrurus assimilates much of its tissue C from the more complex fractions of soil organic matter or directly from decomposing residues, at least until a late stage of breakdown. No differences in δ5 13 C values were apparent in samples of this species from the different cultural treatments. From field observations of an intimate association between P. corethrurus and the sugarcane roots, we suggest that this species may derive much of its tissue C from rhizospherc sources.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors find the states of light which have minimum phase variance both for a given maximum energy state component and a given mean energy component, and when these states contain sufficiently many photon number state components, the number state coefficients approximate sinusoidal and Airy functions respectively.
92 citations
TL;DR: This paper develops a quasiprobability distribution associated with the number and phase operators of the single-mode light field in the new formalism.
Abstract: Various quasiprobability distributions have been developed in the past using the Hilbert space of the single-mode light field. The development of a quasiprobability distribution associated with a phase operator has previously been impossible because of the absence of a unique Hermitian phase operator defined on the Hilbert space. Recently, however, Pegg and Barnett [Europhys. Lett. 6, 483 (1988); Phys. Rev. A 39, 1665 (1989)] and Barnett and Pegg [J. Mod. Optics 36, 7 (1989)] introduced a new formalism that does allow the construction of a Hermitian phase operator and associated phase eigenstates. In this paper we develop a quasiprobability distribution associated with the number and phase operators of the single-mode light field in the new formalism. The new distribution, which we call the number-phase Wigner function, has properties analogous to the Wigner function. We also derive the number-phase Wigner representation of number states, phase states, general physical states, coherent states, and the squeezed vacuum. We find this new representation has features that are related to the number and phase properties of states. For example, the number-phase Wigner representation of a number state is nonzero only on a circle, while the representation of a phase state is only nonzero along a radial line.
85 citations
TL;DR: The model predicted that the bioaccumulation factor (soil based) would be weakly dependent on the octanol to water partition coefficient but strongly influenced by the lipid content of the soil, and the experimental data was in support of these predictions.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of l'entomofaune des ruisseaux de l'Australie du sud-ouest avec celle d'autres rissaux de regions temperees d' Australie is made.
Abstract: Comparaison de l'entomofaune des ruisseaux de l'Australie du sud-ouest avec celle d'autres ruisseaux de regions temperees d'Australie. Discussion de l'origine de la faible richesse specifique : isolement geographique, forte aridite historique, tres faible niveau de productivite primaire.
79 citations
TL;DR: A molecular study of the gene, ansB, encoding L-asparaginase II was presented, and the presence of nucleotide sequence motifs, with homology to cyclic AMP receptor protein and FNR protein-binding sites, investigated.
Abstract: Escherichia coli contains two L-asparaginase isozymes: L-asparaginase I, a low-affinity enzyme located in the cytoplasm, and L-asparaginase II, a high-affinity secreted enzyme. A molecular genetic analysis of the gene (ansA) encoding the former enzyme has previously been reported. We now present a molecular study of the gene, ansB, encoding L-asparaginase II. This gene was isolated by using oligonucleotide probes, whose sequences were based on the previously determined amino acid sequence. The nucleotide sequence of ansB, including 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions, was determined. The amino acid sequence of L-asparaginase II, deduced from this nucleotide sequence, contains differences at 11 positions when compared with the previously determined amino acid sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence also reveals a typical secretory signal peptide of 22 residues. A single region of sequence similarity is observed when ansA and ansB are compared. The transcriptional start site in ansB was determined, allowing the identification of the promoter region. The regulation of ansB was studied by using ansB'-'lacZ fusions, together with a deletion analysis of the 5' region upstream of the promoter. Regulation by cyclic AMP receptor protein and anaerobiosis (FNR protein) was confirmed, and the presence of nucleotide sequence motifs, with homology to cyclic AMP receptor protein and FNR protein-binding sites, investigated.
75 citations
73 citations
TL;DR: This work extends the theory of the Hermitian optical phase operator to analyze the quantum phase properties of pairs of electromagnetic field modes and reveals the fundamental property of two-mode squeezed states that the phase sum is locked to the argument of the squeezing parameter.
Abstract: We extend the theory of the Hermitian optical phase operator to analyze the quantum phase properties of pairs of electromagnetic field modes. The operators representing the sum and difference of the two single-mode phases are simply the sum and difference of the two single-mode phase operators. The eigenvalue spectra of the sum and difference operators have widths of 4\ensuremath{\pi}, but phases differing by 2\ensuremath{\pi} are physically indistinguishable. This means that the phase sum and difference probability distributions must be cast into a 2\ensuremath{\pi} range. We obtain mod(2\ensuremath{\pi}) probability distributions for the phase sum and difference that unambiguously reveal the signatures of randomness, phase correlations, and phase locking. We use our approach to investigate the phase sum and difference properties for uncorrelated modes in random and partial phase states and the phase-locked properties of the two-mode squeezed vacuum states. We reveal the fundamental property of two-mode squeezed states that the phase sum is locked to the argument of the squeezing parameter. The variance of the phase sum depends dilogarithmically on 1+tanhr, where r is the magnitude of the squeezing parameter, vanishing in the large squeezing limit.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on a procedure which exposes sea birds to acoustic stimuli simulating aircraft overflights, and is one of the first experiments to attempt to quantify the responses of birds in the wild to noise.
TL;DR: The relationship between fish size and otolith size was complex, varying both between pre- and post-settlement fishes, and among localities, and in both species was similar between localities.
Abstract: Light traps were used to capture larval fishes, immediately before settlement, at two localities 500 km apart on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in December, 1987. Samples from Lizard Island, in the northern GBR, and Davies Reef, in the central GBR, were dominated by two species of damselfish:Chromis atripectralis andPomacentrus coelestis. Analysis of otoliths revealed significant differences in both size and age at settlement between the two localities forP. coelestis, but not forC. atripectoralis. Growth rates determined for pre- and post-settlementP. coelestis suggested a sigmoidal growth trajectory through the larval life, with growth slowing as fishes approached the time of settlement. Post-settlement growth rates were faster than growth prior to settlement in both species. Growth in both species was, however, similar between localities. The relationship between fish size and otolith size was complex, varying both between pre- and post-settlement fishes, and among localities. This emphasizes the need to validate the relationship between fish size and otolith size before otoliths may be used to back-calculate individual growth trajectories.
TL;DR: In this article, a model for the hole formation process is proposed and the holes develop from the electron exit face of the crystal, have a profile which is clearly related to that of the electron probe, and can be generated with incident electron energies as low as 40keV Unlike other inorganic materials, there appears to be no lower current density threshold for hole formation, suggesting that the MgO is desorbed as molecules or clusters.
Abstract: Square cross-sectional holes with widths of about 1 nm can be formed in MgO crystals using circular cross-section high-current-density electron probes which are focused and oriented close to High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy has been used to reveal, on a unit cell scale, the three-dimensional geometry of the hole structures as they grow The holes develop from the electron exit face of the crystal, have a profile which is clearly related to that of the electron probe, and can be generated with incident electron energies as low as 40keV Unlike other inorganic materials, there appears to be no lower current density threshold for hole formation and there is no excess Mg or 0 present in the MgO crystal after hole formation, suggesting that the MgO is desorbed as molecules or clusters A model for the hole formation process is proposed
TL;DR: In this article, Li et al. used LiBun in hexane, and in the presence of diethyl ether, and the ditertiary amines tmen (N, N, N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or sp [(−)sparteine] yields crystalline lithium complexes.
Abstract: Metallation of 2-Me3SiCHRC5H4N (R = H or SiMe3) using LiBun in hexane, and in the presence of diethyl ether, and the ditertiary amines tmen (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) or sp [(–)sparteine] yields crystalline lithium complexes. These have been characterized using X-ray diffraction data for [Li{2-C(SiMe3)2C5H4N}{2-CH(SiMe3)2C5H4N}](1), [{Li[2-C(SiMe3)2C5H4N]}2](2), [Li(tmen){2-C(SiMe3)2C5H4N}](3), [{Li(OEt2)[2-CH(SiMe3)C5H4N]}2](4), [{Li(tmen)[2-CH(SiMe3)C5H4N]}2](5), and [Li(sp){2-CH(SiMe3)C5H4N}](6). In (1), (3), (4), and (6) the hydrocarbyl group acts as an η3-aza-allyl through the ring nitrogen [2.00(1), 1.96(2), 2.19(1), and 1.985(6)A], ipso-carbon [2.22(1), 2.43(2), 2.356(9), and 2.323(6)A], and adjacent ring carbon [2.32(1), 2.46(2), 2.34(1), and 2.353(6)A]; in (4) the nitrogen centre also bridges to another metal centre [2.041(1)A]. Complex (2) has two co-ordinated lithium centres, each lithium bound by the ipso-carbon [2.213(7)A] and a nitrogen centre from a centrosymmetric ligand [1.936(6)A] and is thus an alkylmetal species; it can be recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran even though the lithiums are co-ordinatively unsaturated. In complex (5), the anionic ligand acts as an amide bridging two metal centres through the ring N [Li–N 2.08(1), 2.25(1)A, N–Li–N 103.6(7), 93.0(9)°]. Treating (6) with MeI in hexane at –78 °C yields 2-[(1-trimethylsilyl)ethyl]pyridine of 20% estimated optical purity. The isomeric complex [Li(sp){4-CH(SiMe3)C5H4N}] under the same conditions gave no asymmetric induction; other metallations of 4-Me3SiCH2C5H4N, and some of 3-Me3SiCH2C5H4N are also reported.
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of LiGaH4 and gallium metal with 1,4-di-t-butyl-1, 4-diazabutadiene (dbdab) in diethyl ether at room temperature yields the monomeric, formally gallium(II) species [Ga(dbb)2], previously prepared using metal vapours, and GaH3·NMe3 with dbdab in hexane at -80 °C yields the novel hydrogallation product [{H2Ga2{µ
Abstract: Reaction of LiGaH4 and gallium metal with 1,4-di-t-butyl-1,4-diazabutadiene (dbdab) in diethyl ether at room temperature yields the monomeric, formally gallium(II) species [Ga(dbdab)2], (1), previously prepared using metal vapours, and GaH3·NMe3 with dbdab in hexane at –80 °C yields the novel hydrogallation product [{H2Ga}2{µ-N(But)CH2}2], (2) which has magnetically distinct geminal hydrides (2JHH 44 Hz) in agreement with the crystal structure ( 2.013A, 1.56A) and IR data (νGa–H 1920, 1870 cm–1).
TL;DR: The role of social impact assessment (SIA) in development decision making is a continual theoretical and practical. as discussed by the authors The role of SIA is a learning process contributing to the ability of communities and societies to learn and change.
TL;DR: In Australia's remote areas there has been considerable recent growth in development projects and plans and this situation has placed considerable pressure on resident Aboriginal groups that claim traditional attachment to the land affected.
TL;DR: Prawns maintained on the 40% protein diet had the lowest levels of pre- and postfeecling respiration and the smallest SDA, and were metabolizing at an optimal dietary protein level or protein/energy ratio.
TL;DR: The adoption of SIA for planning and decision making is problematic, because some of its basic assumptions can contradict sociocultutural and political traditions of Third World countries as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The results indicate that endogenous adenosine mediates metabolic vasodilation in the heart and provides a significant, metabolically beneficial action in isolated hearts during hypoxia and inotropic stimulation.
Abstract: Temporal and quantitative relations between cytosolic energy metabolism, adenosine efflux, and coronary flow were examined during 10 min of isoproterenol (ISO) infusion (60 nM) or hypoxia (5% O2) in isolated isovolumic rat heart. Myocardial metabolism was monitored using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and venous effluent was collected and assayed for adenosine. During ISO infusion, coronary flow increased to approximately 170%, and [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] (cytosolic phosphorylation potential) declined to less than 25% of preinfusion levels, respectively (P less than 0.001). During hypoxia, coronary flow increased to 190%, and [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] declined to less than 25% of normoxic levels (P less than 0.001). Release of adenosine into the coronary venous effluent increased greater than 10-fold and displayed significant inverse linear correlations with log[ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] and positive linear correlations with free cytosolic [AMP] and coronary flow during ISO infusion and hypoxia. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) treatment reduced coronary vasodilation by approximately 30% during ISO infusion and 40% during hypoxia (P less than 0.001) and augmented chronotropic and inotropic responses to ISO infusion (P less than 0.01). Infusion of ADA potentiated changes in [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] and [AMP] observed during ISO infusion and hypoxia (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that 1) endogenous adenosine mediates metabolic vasodilation in the heart, 2) adenosine modulates the response of isolated myocardium to catecholamines, 3) myocardial adenosine formation appears to be linked to cytosolic metabolism via changes in [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] and [AMP], and 4) endogenous adenosine provides a significant, metabolically beneficial action in isolated hearts during hypoxia and inotropic stimulation.
TL;DR: The high proportion of wax ester in golden perch eggs is interpreted as an adaptation to provide bouyancy rather than an additional energy source, as well as a greater dependence on the n -3 than on the ( n -6) series in barramundi andGolden perch than in the other species.
Abstract: 1. 1. Wax esters, triglycerides, sterols and their esters and phospholipids were found in the eggs of six species of Australian fish. 2. 2. The high proportion of wax ester in golden perch eggs is interpreted as an adaptation to provide bouyancy rather than an additional energy source. 3. 3. Fatty acids of both the ( n -3) and the ( n -6) series were found in the eggs of all species, but the relative proportions of the two fatty acid series indicated a greater dependence on the ( n -3) than on the ( n -6) series in barramundi and golden perch than in the other species.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue the case for utilizing extended cost-benefit analysis in environmental impact assessment, such that externalities, including off-site ones, can be measured and incorporated in a net present value or cost benefit ratio.
Book•
03 Jan 1990TL;DR: Interestingly, program derivation the development of programs from specifications that you really wait for now is coming, it's significant to wait for the representative and beneficial books to read.
Abstract: Interestingly, program derivation the development of programs from specifications that you really wait for now is coming. It's significant to wait for the representative and beneficial books to read. Every book that is provided in better way and utterance will be expected by many peoples. Even you are a good reader or not, feeling to read this book will always appear when you find it. But, when you feel hard to find it as yours, what to do? Borrow to your friends and don't know when to give back it to her or him.
TL;DR: A 46-item paranormal belief questionnaire was given to 836 Australian psychology students as mentioned in this paper, and responses to the questionnaire were correlated and subjected to a principle axis factor analysis, followed by orthogonal and oblique rotation.
Abstract: A 46-item paranormal belief questionnaire was given to 836 Australian psychology students. Paranormal items, derived from the popular media, were rated on a 5-point strength of evidence scale. Responses to the questionnaire were correlated and subjected to a principle axis factor analysis, followed by orthogonal and oblique rotation. A seven-factor Obliquely rotated solution, accounting for 38.49% of the variance, was chosen as most interpretable. The seven factor were identified as popular science, obscure unbelief, traditional religion, alternative treatments, paratherapies, functional psi, and structural psi. Results thus provide support for the multidimensional structure of paranormal beliefs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the simple field-oriented convective-dispersive equation based model of Rose et al. has been used to monitor changes in soil chloride levels on commerical farms.
Abstract: The simple field-oriented convective-dispersive equation based model of Rose et al. (1982a and b) has potential to be used to monitor changes in soil chloride levels on commerical farms. As yet applications of the model have only been reported for detailed studies conducted on coarse textured soils. Here the model was applied to a wider range of soil types using input data likely to be available on commercial farms.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the interrelations among clinicians' interpersonal communication skills and patients' motivation, satisfaction, and compliance with care and maintenance instructions through questionnaires and interviews.
Abstract: The relation between the practitioner and patient may have important effects upon the safety and success of contact lens wear. In this study we investigated the interrelations among clinicians' interpersonal communication skills and patients' motivation, satisfaction, and compliance with care and maintenance instructions. These variables were measured through questionnaires and interviews. Significant associations were found among many aspects of the clinicians' interpersonal skills and aspects of the patients' motivation and satisfaction. These findings are consistent with those from other health care settings and indicate that the quality of the contact lens practitioner's interpersonal skills can substantially influence patient outcomes and perceptions.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of an unqualified versus an "except for" qualified audit report on subjects' share price estimates and the moderating role of cognitive style in this relationship were investigated.
Abstract:
This paper reports the findings of an experiment designed to investigate the effects of an unqualified versus an “except for” qualified audit report on subjects' share price estimates and the moderating role of cognitive style in this relationship. Using ANOVA experimental design, 34 subjects were administered identical financial information on a hypothetical company except that 17 subjects received a qualified auditors' opinion and the other 17 received an unqualified auditors' opinion. In addition, the subjects in each group were classified as either field dependent or field independent on the basis of their scores in the Embedded Figures Test. Results showed that the “except for” audit qualification affected share price estimates and field dependence cognitive style interacted with qualified/unqualified audit opinion to also affect subjects' share price estimates.
TL;DR: The authors examines the concept of the university now under very severe challenge in the Australian context and looks at some of the major responses to it through recent characterisations of the Australian university, arguing that what I have typified as the Australian Comprehensive University (COMPUNI), will have responsibilities much more diverse and difficult than those which have hitherto been experienced by Australian universities - a reality not well appreciated at the present time.
Abstract: Australian higher education is currently undergoing great changes, a major aspect of which will be the disappearance of the binary system and the absorption of the advanced college sector into the university system. After a brief background discussion of the role of the university in contemporary society, this article examines the concept of the university now under very severe challenge in the Australian context and looks at some of the major responses to it through recent characterisations of the Australian university. It is argued that what I have typified as the Australian Comprehensive University (COMPUNI), will have responsibilities much more diverse and difficult than those which have hitherto been experienced by Australian universities - a reality not well appreciated at the present time.