Showing papers by "Griffith University published in 2003"
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a generic model for analysing and developing tourism disaster management strategies is presented, along with a set of prerequisites and principles of effective tourism disasters management planning, as well as a review of the existing literature in the field.
Abstract: Tourism destinations in every corner of the globe face the virtual certainty of experiencing a disaster of one form or another at some point in their history. Despite this, few destinations have properly developed disaster management plans in place to help them cope with such eventualities. Among the reasons for this is the limited amount of systematic research that has been carried out in the field. This paper addresses this problem by drawing on insights from the broader disaster management literature to produce a generic model for analysing and developing tourism disaster management strategies. A set of prerequisites and principles of effective tourism disaster management planning is also provided.
855 citations
TL;DR: An argument for the case study method in marketing research is presented, examining various criteria for judging the quality of the method and highlighting various techniques, which can be addressed to achieve objectivity, and rigorous and relevant information for planning to marketing actions.
Abstract: Despite the advantages of the case study method, its reliability and validity remain in doubt. Tests to establish the validity and reliability of qualitative data are important to determine the stability and quality of the data obtained. However, there is no single, coherent set of validity and reliability tests for each research phase in case study research available in the literature. This article presents an argument for the case study method in marketing research, examining various criteria for judging the quality of the method and highlighting various techniques, which can be addressed to achieve objectivity, and rigorous and relevant information for planning to marketing actions. The purpose of this article is to invite further research by discussing the use of various scientific techniques for establishing the validity and reliability in case study research. The article provides guidelines for achieving high validity and reliability for each phase in case study research.
794 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that TAM is a valid theoretical framework to understand users adoption of the Web for retail purposes, and Internet users’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were effected differentially by Opinion Leadership, Web Shopping Compatibility, Internet Self-Efficacy, Perceived Web Security, Impulsiveness, Satisfaction with web sites, and Shopping Orientation.
697 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a fairness theory-based conceptual framework for studying and managing consumers' emotions during service recovery attempts, arguing that a service failure event triggers an emotional response in the consumer and from here the consumer commences an assessment of the situation, considering procedural justice, interactional justice, and distributive justice elements.
Abstract: This article presents a fairness theory-based conceptual framework for studying and managing consumers’ emotions during service recovery attempts. The conceptual framework highlights the central role played by counterfactual thinking and accountability. Findings from five focus groups are also presented to lend further support to the conceptual framework. Essentially, the article argues that a service failure event triggers an emotional response in the consumer, and from here the consumer commences an assessment of the situation, considering procedural justice, interactional justice, and distributive justice elements, while engaging in counterfactual thinking and apportioning accountability. More specifically, the customer assesses whether the service provider could and should have done something more to remedy the problem and how the customer would have felt had these actions been taken. The authors argue that during this process situational effort is taken into account when assessing accountability. When service providers do not appear to exhibit an appropriate level of effort, consumers attribute this to the service provider not caring. This in turn leads to the customer feeling more negative emotions, such as anger and frustration. Managerial implications of the study are discussed.
605 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model that classifies change uncertainty into three interrelated types: strategic, structural, and job-related was proposed, and it was found that management communication and participation in decision-making (PDM) would reduce uncertainty and increase feelings of control.
Abstract: This research tested a model that classifies change uncertainty into three interrelated types: strategic, structural, and job-related. We predicted that control would mediate the effects of job-related uncertainty upon psychological strain, and that management communication and participation in decision-making (PDM) would reduce uncertainty and increase feelings of control. The model was tested in a public sector organization and the results supported it. Control was found to mediate the effects of job-related uncertainty upon psychological strain. Management communication was negatively related to strategic uncertainty, whereas PDM was negatively related to structural and job-related uncertainty, suggesting different mechanisms to deal with the types of uncertainty during change. Finally, PDM was positively associated with feelings of control and negatively associated with psychological strain. These results suggest that PDM can short-circuit the damaging effects of uncertainty by allowing employees to have a say in change related organizational affairs, thereby instilling a sense of control over their circumstances.
571 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show empirically that consumers' fundamental shopping orientations have no significant impact on their proclivity to purchase products online, and that factors that are more likely to influence purchase intention include product type, prior purchase, and, to a lesser extent, gender.
Abstract: Consumer selection of retail patronage mode has been widely researched by marketing scholars. Several researchers have segmented consumers by shopping orientation. However, few have applied such methods to the Internet shopper. Despite the widespread belief that Internet shoppers are primarily motivated by convenience, the authors show empirically that consumers' fundamental shopping orientations have no significant impact on their proclivity to purchase products online. Factors that are more likely to influence purchase intention include product type, prior purchase, and, to a lesser extent, gender.
551 citations
TL;DR: The psychometric properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale were examined with 875 adolescents and showed support for a model in which the first-order factors loaded significantly on a single second-order factor of anxiety in general.
519 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated whether dimensions of sense of place can discriminate those residents who identify with their rural town, and prefer to stay, from those who do not, and whether patterns of association between these dimensions differ between adolescent and adult residents.
518 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that rats born to vitamin D(3)-deficient mothers had profound alterations in the brain at birth, which would suggest that low maternal vitamin D (3) has important ramifications for the developing brain.
503 citations
TL;DR: This review examines the intraspecific patterns and differences in life-history traits of amphibian populations living at different altitudes and latitudes to examine differences in development and growth (physiological constraints) and reproductive ecology (plasticity in reproductive traits).
Abstract: Summary 1. This review examines the intraspecific patterns and differences in life-history traits of amphibian populations living at different altitudes and latitudes. Specifically we examined differences in development and growth (physiological constraints) and reproductive ecology (plasticity in reproductive traits). 2. Research published to date suggests that amphibian populations at higher altitudes and latitudes tend to: (a) have shorter activity periods, and hence shorter breeding seasons; (b) have longer larval periods; (c) are larger at all larval stages including metamorphosis; (d) are larger as adults; (e) reach reproductive maturity at older ages; (f) produce fewer clutches per year; (g) produce larger clutches absolutely and smaller clutches relative to body size; and (h) produce larger eggs. 3. These generalizations must be viewed with caution, due first to the small number of papers supporting them, and secondly to the inconsistent results published to date. 4. The implications of the intraspecific geographical variation in life history traits for general amphibian biology, amphibian population declines and conservation are discussed.
444 citations
TL;DR: A review of the existing literature on public sector reform can be found in this article, where the authors argue that existing literature does not explore the ways in which governmental traditions shape reform.
Abstract: The role of the state is changing under the impact of, for example, globalization. The changes have been variously understood as the new public management (NPM), the hollowing–out of the state and the new governance. This special issue of Public Administration explores the changing role of the state in advanced industrial democracies. It focuses on the puzzle of why states respond differently to common trends.
This introductory article has three aims. First, we provide a brief review of the existing literature on public sector reform to show that our approach is distinctive. We argue that the existing literature does not explore the ways in which governmental traditions shape reform. Second, we outline an interpretive approach to the analysis of public sector reform built on the notions of beliefs, traditions, dilemmas and narratives. We provide brief illustrations of these ideas drawn from the individual country articles. Finally, we outline the ground covered by all the chapters but we do not summarize and compare their experiences of reform. That task is reserved for the concluding article.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address two vital questions: How much water does a river need? and How can this water be clawed back from other users? Studies conducted to date in Queensland rivers suggest that around 80-92% of natural mean annual flow (and other ecologically relevant hydrological indicators) may be needed to maintain a low risk of environmental degradation.
Abstract: Since 1857 new Australians have constructed many thousands of weirs (3600 in the Murray–Darling Basin alone) and floodplain levee banks, 446 large dams (>10 m crest height) and over 50 intra- and inter-basin water transfer schemes to secure water supplies for human use. Flow regulation has changed the hydrology of major rivers on three temporal sales–the flood pulse (days to weeks), flow history (weeks to years) and the long-term statistical pattern of flows, or flow regime (decades or longer). The regulation of river flows is widely acknowledged as a major cause of deteriorating conditions in many Australian river and floodplain ecosystems. In response to mounting environmental concerns, all states, territories and the Commonwealth Government have committed the nation to the principles of ecologically sustainable development and a process of national water reform. Rivers and wetlands are now recognized as legitimate ‘users’ of water, and jurisdictions must provide water allocations to sustain and where necessary restore ecological processes and the biodiversity of water-dependent ecosystems. Progress in the protection and restoration of river and wetland water regimes has been significant, with over half of mainland aquatic systems designated to receive water allocations of some sort. However, exactly how much water they will receive or retain is unclear from the data available. Moreover, the ecological outcomes and benefits of water allocations are not yet apparent in most aquatic ecosystems, with the exception of certain waterbird breeding events, the disruption of algal blooms in weirs and improved fish passage. After reviewing these issues, this paper addresses two vital questions: How much water does a river need? and How can this water be clawed back from other users? Studies conducted to date in Queensland rivers suggest that around 80–92% of natural mean annual flow (and other ecologically relevant hydrological indicators) may be needed to maintain a low risk of environmental degradation. In the Top End of the Northern Territory, some rivers are maintained at 80% of their natural flow, whereas two-thirds of various flow indicators has been proposed as the restoration target for the River Murray, and 28% of natural mean annual flow has been negotiated for the Snowy River in Victoria. To validate these estimates, ecologists are seeking opportunities to turn river restoration projects into long-term hypothesis-driven experiments in ecological restoration, and the funding, time and institutional support to do so. The paper ends with some suggestions to advance the water reforms and achieve higher levels of water allocation for the environment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TL;DR: The effect of destination advertising and sport event media (advertising and telecast) were compared experimentally on nine dimensions of destination image and on intention to visit the host destination.
Abstract: The effect of destination advertising and sport event media (advertising and telecast) were compared experimentally on nine dimensions of destination image and on intention to visit the host destination Participants' images of Australia's Gold Coast were collected in the United States (long-haul market) and New Zealand (short-haul market) following exposure to one of eight media conditions The event telecast, event advertising, and destination advertising each affected different dimensions of destination image There was a wider array of effects in the American market than in the New Zealand market Some effects of each form of media were negative, with event media having a negative impact on participants' image of the destination's natural environment Destination image was significantly related to intention to visit the host destination, but the dimensions that affected intention to visit were different for the two countries Among the New Zealand sample, the dimensions of destination image affected b
TL;DR: Using an operational definition, the entanglement, E(P), between two parties who share an arbitrary pure state of N indistinguishable particles is quantified and it is shown that E( P)< or =E(M), where E(M) is the bipartiteEntanglement calculated from the mode-occupation representation.
Abstract: Using an operational definition we quantify the entanglement, E(P), between two parties who share an arbitrary pure state of N indistinguishable particles. We show that E(P) |1>, where both modes are split between the two parties, has E(P)=1/2. We discuss how this relates to quantum correlations between particles, for both fermions and bosons.
TL;DR: To realize the potential benefits of couple relationship education, it needs to be evidence-based, offered in ways that attract couples at high-risk for relationship problems, and focused on factors that put couples atHigh- risk for future relationship problems.
Abstract: Relationship education is widely available to couples and is intended to reduce the prevalence of relationship distress, divorce, and the associated personal and social costs. To realize the potential benefits of couple relationship education, it needs to be evidence-based, offered in ways that attract couples at high-risk for relationship problems, and focused on factors that put couples at high-risk for future relationship problems.
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the main facts and uncertainties regarding climate change, and the main reasons for these uncertainties are outlined and provided with policy-relevant, but not policy-prescriptive, advice and source material.
Abstract: This guide sets out the main facts and uncertainties regarding climate change, and helps provide Australians with policy-relevant, but not policy-prescriptive, advice and source material It is largely based on, and consistent with, the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC TAR) published in 2001 However, this guide has been substantially updated with relevant summaries of the latest international and Australian observations, scientific developments, and studies regarding the impacts of, and adaptation to climate change in Australia
While much progress in understanding the climate change issue has been made, uncertainties continue to exist about aspects of the climate change science, and regarding societal developments that will affect the extent of future climate change and societal vulnerability Some impacts of climate change are now inevitable However, more certainty and understanding is needed to guide decision-makers towards the most effective and cost-efficient means to adapt to climate changes in the near-term (next decade), and to avoid unacceptably large climate changes in the longer term (multi-decades to centuries) through emissions reductions measures
The high probability of at least some global warming, given the inertia in the climate and socioeconomic systems, means that some adaptation will be necessary This will be most efficient if the location- and activity-specific nature of the likely impacts is taken into account Considerable uncertainties about location-specific impacts can be further reduced by targeted research, while caseby- case assessments of adaptation strategies will be needed for many particular sectors and locations
Any emission reductions will progressively reduce the likelihood of impacts at the high end of the existing large range of emissions scenarios, and thus help to avoid the potentially most damaging climate change possibilities Thus, in order to establish minimum objectives for emissions reductions, attention needs to be given to the more extreme possibilities to which adaptation may not be possible These will determine critical greenhouse gas concentration thresholds that must be avoided if the objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to be achieved Increased research is needed to quantify the probability and global and local consequences of these high impact scenarios
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how to manage tourism in natural areas in a sustainable way while at the same time providing tourists with a high quality experience, and argue that natural area tourism is an appropriate vehicle for achieving deeper understanding of the environment in a way that other forms of tourism are not.
TL;DR: The case study on Ulu r u (Ayers rock) illustrates that the comparatively recent “no-climbing please” campaign, coupled with the fact that some modern secular pilgrims are illegally entering sacred sites, presents many dilemmas for Park managers and the traditional owners as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The authors examined the issue of forecasting by comparing forecasts of inbound tourism made prior to the political and economic crises that engulfed Indonesia from 1997 onwards with actual arrival figures and found that current methods of forecasting are not able to cope with unexpected crises and other disasters.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of attributes that represented the shopping centre image was identified and six market segments of shopping centre patrons were identified and labelled the "serious" shopper, the "entertainment" shoppers, the 'demanding' shoppers, 'convenience' shoppers', 'apathetic' shoppers and'service' shoppers.
Abstract: Entertainment is increasingly an integral part of the marketing strategy used by shopping centres to entice consumers. Further, entertainment can be a means of image differentiation for shopping centres, given that the image of a competitive retail institution is a critical determinant in consumer patronage decisions. However few studies have examined the contribution of entertainment to shopping centre image. Moreover, using entertainment as a means of identifying distinct market segments has not been explored. Hence, the purpose of this study was twofold. First, a model of attributes that represented the shopping centre image was identified. Three essential attributes that have been neglected in most shopping centre studies were revealed, namely entertainment, food and security. Second, six market segments of shopping centre patrons were identified and labelled the “serious” shopper, the “entertainment” shopper, the “demanding” shopper, the “convenience” shopper, the “apathetic” shopper and the “service” shopper. In particular, the “entertainment” shopper and the “service” shopper are identified as entertainment‐seeking segments. Managerial implications of the findings and future research directions are addressed.
TL;DR: A comprehensive comparative study of artificial neural networks, learning vector quantization and dynamic time warping classification techniques combined with stationary/non-stationary feature extraction for environmental sound recognition shows 70% recognition using mel frequency cepstral coefficients or continuous wavelet transform with dynamic time Warping.
TL;DR: The minimum classification error (MCE) training algorithm (which was originally proposed for optimizing classifiers) is investigated for feature extraction and a generalized MCE (GMCE)Training algorithm is proposed to mend the shortcomings of the MCE training algorithm.
TL;DR: The present data indicate that, whereas general circulatory trauma to the red blood cells associated with 1 h of exercise at 75% maximal oxygen uptake may result in some exercise-induced hemolysis, footstrike is the major contributor to hemolyses during running.
Abstract: There is a wide body of literature reporting red cell hemolysis as occurring after various forms of exercise. Whereas the trauma associated with footstrike is thought to be the major cause of hemol...
TL;DR: In this article, the antecedents of commitment in non-western industrial marketing relationships are investigated and it is argued that trust mediates the effects of communication, conflict, and similarity on commitment.
TL;DR: The dominant model of Australian dust deposits, the clay-rich "parna" is shown to be poorly substantiated while modern and ancient dust deposits examined in detail are shown to bear a strong similarity to conventional definitions of loess.
TL;DR: The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) as mentioned in this paper has several subscales that were designed to correspond to empirically identified aspects of positive and negative parenting styles important to conduct problems.
Abstract: A wealth of research has shown links between parenting style and child behaviour, and the development of conduct problems in young children Unfortunately, the most common and well-researched measures of parenting do not tap specific dimensions of parenting clearly related to risk for conduct problems in children Recently, the development of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) appears to have overcome this problem It has several subscales that were designed to correspond to empirically identified aspects of positive and negative parenting styles important to conduct problems The current study evaluated the APO with a large community sample of 4- to 9-year-old Australian children The results showed good internal consistency, validity, and test-retest reliability for the measure Means, standard deviations, and proposed cut-off scores are presented These data indicate the APQ is potentially a useful measure for clinicians and researchers working with Australian samples of children with conduct problems and their families
TL;DR: Perceived pressure to be thin delivered by the media was found to be associated with body dissatisfaction via internalisation of the thin ideal and body dissatisfaction was also partially influenced by social comparison.
TL;DR: Spatial correlations between consumer and source isotope values provide a useful analytical tool for identifying the role of autotrophs in foodwebs, and demonstrated here that both in situ production of microalgae and organic matter from adjacent habitats were important to fish over mudflats.
Abstract: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to determine the ultimate autotrophic sources supporting production of three commercially important fish species over unvegetated mudflats in a subtropical estuary. Mean isotope values over the whole estuary for fish and autotroph sources were modeled to indicate feasible combinations of sources. Variability in isotope values among nine locations (separated by 3-10 km) was then used as a further test of the likelihood that sources were involved in fish nutrition. A positive spatial correlation between isotope values of a fish species and an autotroph indicates a substantial contribution from the autotroph. Spatial correlations were tested with a newly developed randomization procedure using differences between fish and autotroph values at each location, based on carbon and nitrogen isotopes combined in two-dimensional space. Both whole estuary modeling and spatial analysis showed that seagrass, epiphytic algae and particulate organic matter in the water column, including phytoplankton, are likely contributors to bream (Acanthopagrus australis) nutrition. However, spatial analysis also showed that mangroves were involved (up to 33% contribution), despite a very low contribution from whole estuary modeling. Spatial analysis on sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) demonstrated the importance of two sources, mangroves (up to 25%) and microalgae on the mudflats, considered unimportant based on whole estuary modeling. No spatial correlations were found between winter whiting (Sillago maculata) and autotrophs, either because fish moved among locations or relied on different autotrophs at different locations. Spatial correlations between consumer and source isotope values provide a useful analytical tool for identifying the role of autotrophs in foodwebs, and demonstrated here that both in situ production of microalgae and organic matter from adjacent habitats were important to fish over mudflats.
TL;DR: Because transmission between hosts usually depends on host body contact, it is unsurprising that feather mite phylogeny often parallels host phylogeny; however, recent cladistic analyses have also found evidence of host-jumping and "missing the boat" in several mite lineages.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Birds host many lineages of symbiotic mites, but the greatest diversity is shown by the three superfamilies of astigmatan feather mites: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea, and Freyanoidea. Members of this diphyletic grouping have colonized all parts of the avian integument from their ancestral nidicolous habitat. Whereas some clearly feed on feather pith or skin, acting as parasites, other feather mites are paraphages and consume feather oils without causing structural damage. Sexual dimorphism in feather mites is often extreme, and little is known of the function of many elaborate male structures. Abundance and location of vane-dwelling mites is affected by season, temperature, light, humidity, and host body condition. Because transmission between hosts usually depends on host body contact, it is unsurprising that feather mite phylogeny often parallels host phylogeny; however, recent cladistic analyses have also found evidence of host-jumping and “missing the boat” in several mite lineages.
TL;DR: In this article, aeolian and fluvial processes from geomorphologists and sedimentologists have been studied in the past decade to 15 years, reflecting recognition of the limi...
Abstract: Over the past 10 to 15 years there has been a rising interest in interactions between aeolian and fluvial processes from geomorphologists and sedimentologists. This reflects recognition of the limi...