Hampshire College

About: Hampshire College is a education organization based out in Amherst Center, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Genetic programming & Population. The organization has 461 authors who have published 998 publications receiving 40827 citations.

Chloride effects on nitrogen dynamics in forested and suburban stream debris dams.

Abstract: Organic debris dams (accumulations of organic material) can function as "hotspots" of nitrogen (N) processing in streams Suburban streams are often characterized by high flows that prevent the accumulation of organic debris and by elevated concentrations of solutes, especially nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and chloride (Cl(-)) In this study we (1) studied the effects of urbanization on the extent and characteristics of debris dams in large and small streams and (2) evaluated the effects of NO(3)(-) and Cl(-) on rates of N cycle processes in these debris dams In some suburban streams debris dams were small and rare, but in others factors that reduce the effects of high stream flows fostered the maintenance of debris dams Ambient denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in these suburban and forested streams was positively correlated with stream NO(3)(-) concentrations In laboratory microcosms, DEA in debris dam material from a forested reference stream was increased by NO(3)(-) additions Chloride additions constrained the response of DEA to NO(3)(-) additions in material from the forested stream, but had no effect on DEA in material from streams with a history of high Cl(-) levels Chloride additions changed the sign of net N mineralization from negative (consumption of inorganic N) to positive in debris dam material from the forested reference stream, but had no effect on net mineralization in material from streams with a history of exposure to Cl(-) Understanding the factors regulating the maintenance and N cycling activity of organic debris, and incorporating them into urban stream management plans could have important effects on N dynamics in suburban watersheds

Rhetorical legacies of leadership: projections of 'benevolent leadership' in pre- and post-genocide Rwanda

Abstract: Comparing pre- and post-genocide Rwanda, this article argues that clear continuities exist between the regimes of Juvenal Habyarimana and Paul Kagame. Both have projected a remarkably similar image of ‘benevolent leadership’. Presenting themselves as harbingers of an ‘improved’ or ‘new’ Rwanda, both leaderships have claimed to be best able and willing to guide Rwanda along the right path to peace, security, ethnic unity and development. ‘Benevolent leadership’ in both periods has also served as a tool to try and shape regime relationships with international and domestic audiences. Internationally, each government has worked to promote Rwanda and its authorities as a good development partner. Domestically, these projections have served to establish norms of order and obedience. We argue that projections of ‘benevolent leadership’ have been a tool designed to win over the international community and discipline the Rwandan population.