International Potato Center

About: International Potato Center is a facility organization based out in Lima, Peru. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Phytophthora infestans. The organization has 1036 authors who have published 1460 publications receiving 47183 citations.

Host specificity of Fusarium oxysporum Schlect (isolate PSM 197), a potential mycoherbicide for controlling Striga spp. in West Africa

Abstract: Summary The ability of Fusarium oxysporum (PSM 197), a potential mycoherbicide for control of Striga hermonthica, to control different Striga species (S. hermonthica, S. asiatica and S. gesneroides) and another parasitic weed, Alectra vogelli, was investigated under glasshouse conditions. Significant reductions in the total number of emerged plants of S. asiatica (91.3%), S. gesneroides (81.8%) and S. hermonthica (94.3%) were achieved in the presence of F. oxysporum (PSM 197). The pathogen only caused a reduction of 8.5% in A. vogelli. This high susceptibility of the three Striga species provides a possible opportunity to control these parasites simultaneously with this mycoherbicide.

Mitscherlich-bray equation used to correlate soil phosphorus and potato yields

Abstract: (...) Dolomitic lime was applied to an Ellzey sand (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Ochraqualfs) in 1977 at rates of 0.0, 2.2, 4.5, and 9.0 Mg ha −1 , and resulted in average soil pH levels of 4.8, 5.4, 6.1, and 6.5 during the 5 yr of the study. In 1978 four rates of P were superimposed on lime treatments to establish a range of residual soil P levels for use in subsequent years of the study (...)

Genotype × Environment Interactions for East African Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato Clones Evaluated across Varying Ecogeographic Conditions in Uganda

Abstract: African dry and starchy (DS) orange-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] (OFSP) cultivars, distinct from American moist or medium dry and sweet OFSP, have potential to fight vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in the world. This study assessed the genotype ́ environment (G ́ E) interactions in multienvironment trials (METs), the genetic correlations for total root yield (TYLD), biomass (BIOM), harvest index (HI), root dry matter (RDM), root starch (RST), root sucrose (RSU), root b-carotene, (RBC), root Fe (RFE), root Zn (RZN), root Ca (RCA), and root Mg (RMG) and the potential contributions of the cultivars to fight VAD and mineral deficiencies. Nine DS OFSP cultivars, (Ejumula, Zambezi, Carrot_C, Kakamega, KMI61, Abuket_1, SPK004/6/6, SPK004/6 and Naspot_5/50) and a medium dry and sweet OFSP cultivar (Resisto) were tested in METs in Uganda. The components were smaller than s G components for HI, RDM, RST, RSU, and RBC, making it possible to ably select for the traits in the early stages. The s G E × components were larger than s 2 G components for TYLD and mineral traits. Thus, like yield, breeding for mineral traits in sweetpotato is complex, requiring prior data on the causes of the G ́ E interactions. Medium to high positive correlations among mineral traits favor parallel selection, and it merits further study to efficiently improve the mineral trait complex by an index. Clearly, a 50to 100-g ration of all the cultivars, except Naspot_5/50, can provide 100% recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A for a 5to 8-yr-old child. S. Tumwegamire, W.J. Grüneberg, R.O.M. Mwanga, and R. Kapinga, International Potato Center (CIP), P.B. 22274, Kampala, Uganda or P.B. 1556 Lima 12, Peru; P.R. Rubaihayo, Crop Science Dep., Makerere Univ., P.B. 7062 Kampala, Uganda; D.R. LaBonte, Louisiana State Univ., AgCenter, 104B M.B. Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; S. Tumwegamire and R. Kapinga, current address, International Inst. of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Tanzania, P.O. Box 34441, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Received 6 Oct. 2015. Accepted 4 Feb. 2016. *Corre sponding author (s.tumwegamire@cgiar.org). Abbreviations: AMMI, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction; BIOM, biomass; CIP, International Potato Center; DS, dry and starchy; ECA, eastern and central Africa; G ́ E, genotype ́ environment; HI, harvest index; MET, multienvironment trial; MS, mean squares; NIRS, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy; OFSP, orangefleshed sweetpotato; RBC, storage root b-carotene content; RCA, storage root Ca content; RDA, recommended dietary allowance; RDM, storage root dry matter; RFE, storage root Fe content; RMG, storage root Mg content; RPR, storage root protein content; RST, storage root starch content; RSU, storage root sucrose content; RZN, storage root Zn content; SPVD, sweetpotato virus disease; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; TYLD, total root yield; VAD, vitamin A deficiency; VYLD, vine yield; WFSP, white-fleshed sweetpotato. Published in Crop Sci. 56:1628–1644 (2016). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.10.0612 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Published May 27, 2016

Genotyping of Phytophthora infestans in Eastern Africa Reveals a Dominating Invasive European Lineage.

Abstract: Strains of Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen causing late blight of potato and tomato, are thought to be moved around the world through infected planting material. Since its first appearance in ...

Participation of Green Organs to Grain Filling in Triticum turgidum var durum Grown under Mediterranean Conditions

Abstract: In wheat, flag leaf, stem, chaff and awns contribute to grain filling through photosynthesis and/or re-mobilization. Environmental and genetic effects on the relative contribution of each organ were examined by analyzing the consequences of sink-source manipulations (shading and excision) and by comparing carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) values in dry matter (at maturity) and sap (two weeks after anthesis) in six durum wheat genotypes grown in two contrasting seasons. The contribution of flag leaf, stem, chaff and awns to grain filling, estimated by sink-source manipulations, highly varied with the season. The contribution of ear photosynthesis and re-mobilization from the stem increased with post-anthesis water stress. They showed a large genetic variation that was, however, not clearly associated to morphological characteristics of ear and stem. Isotopic imprints of chaff on grain Δ were identified as a possible surrogate of the destructive and cumbersome sink-source manipulations to evaluate the contribution of carbon assimilated in ears or re-mobilized from stem. This might facilitate screening of genetic resources and allow the combining of favourable drought tolerance mechanisms in wheat.