Showing papers by "Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch published in 2011"

Saffron (Crocus sativus) aqueous extract and its constituent crocin reduces stress-induced anorexia in mice.

Abstract: In the present study, the effects of an ethanol and aqueous extract of saffron Crocus sativus and its constituents safranal and crocin on the stress-induced reduction in food intake, weight gain and anorexic time in mice were investigated. Male albino mice (20–25 g) were irregularly exposed to a trial of electroshock stress for 7 days. Then, the anorexic time as well as the animal's food intake and weight were recorded. In addition, blood samples were obtained on days 1 and 7 for corticosterone determination. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the aqueous but not the ethanol extract (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the anorexic time. The results were similar for crocin (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg; i.p.). In addition, a reduction in weight gain was observed in the controls as well as in the groups that received alcohol extract or safranal. However, this was not observed in animals treated with aqueous extract or crocin. The plasma corticosterone level did not increase in the aqueous extract and crocin treated animals. It can be concluded that the saffron aqueous extract and its constituent crocin reduce side effects of electroshock stress in mice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Morpholine Catalyzed One‐pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Compounds Containing Chromene Core in Water

Abstract: A series of dihydropyrano[c]chromene was obtained via condensation of aldehyde, malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin in water catalyzed by morpholine, as a one-pot reaction. The significance of our findings relates to reducing the use of organic solvents, potentially toxic and hazardous materials, as well as its simplicity, good yields, mild conditions, and lower costs.

Prenatal exposure to LPS leads to long-lasting physiological consequences in male offspring.

Abstract: Growing evidence suggests that early life events are critical determinants for disorders later in life. According to a comprehensive number of epidemiological/animal studies, exposure to lipopolysaccharide, causes alteration in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functioning and the hormonal system which may contribute to behavioral and neurological injuries. In this study we investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide administration on physiological parameters in pregnant dams and their male offspring aged 9 weeks. In gestational Day 10, pregnant mice were injected intrapritoneally with Salmonella enterica lipopolysaccharide to model prenatal exposure to infection. The following results were obtained for offspring from dams stressed during pregnancy: (a) reduced anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze; (b) reduced food and water intake; (c) reduced body weight from birth up to postnatal Day 40. The observed data provide experimental evidence showing that prenatal stress can have complex and long-lasting physiological/behavioral consequences in offspring.

Fluorinated ortho -linked polyamides derived from non-coplanar 1,1′-thiobis(2-naphthol): synthesis and characterization

Abstract: A novel sulfide-bridged bis(ether amine) monomer containing bulky trifluoromethyl and naphthyl substituents, 1,1′-thiobis[2-(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)naphthalene], was synthesized from the halogen displacement of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride with 1,1′-thiobis(2-naphthol) in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by the palladium on activated carbon-catalyzed reduction of bis(ether nitro) intermediate, 1,1′-thiobis[2-(4-nitro-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)naphthalene], with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing ethanol. New series of fluorinated poly(ether amide)s (PEA-1–8) were synthesized from bis(ether amine) with various commercially available aromatic diacids (1–8) via a direct polycondensation method with triphenyl phosphite and pyridine. The resulting polymers had inherent viscosities, ranging from 0.61 to 0.93 dl g–1. All the polymers showed outstanding solubility and could be easily dissolved in amide-type polar aprotic solvents (for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)), and even dissolved in less polar solvents (for example, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform). In addition, these polymers could be cast into transparent, flexible and tough films from DMAc solutions. The glass-transition temperatures were recorded between 209 and 251 °C, and 10% weight loss temperatures were in excess of 470 °C in nitrogen and 450 °C in air atmosphere. Moreover, these PEAs exhibited low refractive indices (n=1.5614–1.5813), birefringence (Δ=0.0055–0.0097) and dielectric constants (ɛ=2.68–2.75). A novel fluorinated diamine monomer, 1,1′-thiobis-[(2-trifluoromethyl)4-aminophenoxy) naphthyl ether], was successfully synthesized in two steps route, including the Williamson etherification reaction, followed by catalytic reduction. A series of fluorine-containing poly(ether amide)s were synthesized from such diamine with various aromatic dicarboxylic diacids. These polymers were amorphous in nature, readily soluble in various organic solvents and exhibited high thermal stability and low refractive indexes.

A theoretical study of the intramolecular proton transfer and calculation of the nucleus independent chemical shift in juglone and some of its derivatives

Abstract: In the present study, first, the intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) process of juglone and its derivatives were theoretically investigated in the gas phase and the effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing substi- tuents in different positions of the phenyl and benzoquinone rings of juglone on the IPT process was studied in which the geometries, energies and thermody- namic functions of the compounds were obtained using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,p) level. Next, the influ- ence of IPT on changing the aromaticity of the phenyl and benzoquinone rings was investigated. To determine the aromaticity of the rings, nuclear indepen- dent chemical shift (NICS) values were calculated for the ground state and transition state structures (GS1, TS and GS2) using the continues set of gauge transformations (CSGT) procedure at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level.

Essential oil composition and anatomical study of scrophularia striata boiss

Abstract: گونه Scrophularia striata Boiss. متعلق به تیره Scrophulariaceae بوده که در استان لرستان با نام محلی تشنه دارو معروف است. این گیاه از دامنه کوه‌های شمال غرب شهرستان کوهدشت در منطقه تنگ‌سیاب واقع در استان لرستان جمع‌آوری گردید و پس از خشک کردن گیاه در سایه، اسانس‌گیری از بخش‌های هوایی آن شامل ساقه، برگ و میوه با روش تقطیر با آب انجام شد. شناسایی ترکیب‌های موجود در اسانس به وسیله کروماتوگراف گازی (GC) و کروماتوگراف گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC/MS) انجام گردید. مطالعات آناتومیکی نیز توسط روش رنگ‌آمیزی مضاعف با استفاده از دو رنگ سبز متیل و قهوه‌ای بیسمارک انجام شد. آنالیز اسانس S. striata منجر به شناسایی 34 ترکیب شد که 3/90% از کل اسانس را شامل می‌شود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که لینالول (3/18%)، 6، 10، 14- تری‌متیل پنتا دکان- 2- اون (4/8%)، دی‌بوتیل فتالات (9/6%) و بتا-داماسکون (9/5%) مهمترین ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس را شامل می‌شوند. از طرف دیگر، بررسی‌های آناتومیکی نیز نشان داد که در زیر اپیدرم و در منطقه پوست ایدیوبلاست‌های ترشح‌کننده اسانس و ترکیب‌های ترپنوئیدی مشاهده می‌شوند.

Phylogenetic relationship of Salmonella enterica strains in Tehran, Iran, using 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences

Abstract: Introduction: We assessed whether 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequences, alone or combined, were suitable for determining the phylogenetic relationship among Salmonella enterica strains isolated from Tehran, Iran. Patients over five years of age enrolled in an acute diarrheal surveillance project in Tehran province between May 2004 and October 2006 were selected as our study group. Methodology: 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and gyrB genes from 40 Salmonella isolates obtained from patients with acute diarrhea were sequenced and the data was used to generate phylogenetic trees that facilitated isolate comparison. Results: Salmonella strains clustered into five to seven phylogenetic groups, dependent on analysis of 16S rDNA (1546 bp), gyrB (1256 bp) or a combination of the two genes. By 16S rDNA sequence analysis, only strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S. Typhi) clustered exclusively together. gyrB sequences permitted clustering of all the S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates, and clustering of S. Enteritidis into two separate but exclusive groups. Concatenation of the two data sets did not significantly improve the resolution of the strains compared to the gyrB gene. None of the analyses completely resolved S. enterica Paratyphi B and C into mutually exclusive groups. Conclusion: Sequencing of gyrB represents a potentially useful tool for determining the phylogenetic relationship of S. enterica strains in Tehran, Iran. Genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene alone or in combination with gyrB did not increase the resolution between serotypes of S. enterica. We speculate that inclusion of additional genetic markers would improve the sensitivity of the analysis.

Trace Analysis of Methyl Tert-butyl Ether in Water Samples Using New Ultrasound-assisted Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-flame Ionization Detection

Abstract: In this study, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography (GC) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in water samples. One hundred microliters of benzyl alcohol was injected slowly into 10 mL home-designed centrifuge glass vial containing an aqueous sample with 30% (w/v) of NaCl that was located inside the ultrasonic water bath. The formed emulsion was centrifuged and 2 µL of separated benzyl alcohol was injected into a gas chromatographic system equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for analysis. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency such as the nature and volume of organic solvent, extraction temperature, ionic strength and centrifugation times were investigated and optimized. Using optimum extraction conditions a detection limit of 0.05 µg L -1 and a good linearity (r 2 = 0.998) in a calibration range of 0.1-500 µg L -1 were achieved. This proposed method was successfullyapplied to the analysis of MTBE in tap, well and ag round water sample contaminated by leaking gasoline from an underground storage tank (LUST) in a gasoline service station.

Bayesian network model for diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder

Abstract: Nowadays a lot of systems are developed to predict or suggest a diagnosis about the health level of a patient for helping physicians in their decisional process. Recent researches prove that decisional systems implemented by Bayesian networks represent an efficient tool for medical healthcare practitioners. Bayesian Networks (BNs) are graphical models with significant capabilities that can be used for medical predictions and diagnosis. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the third most common psychiatric disorder in America behind depression and alcohol abuse. This paper focuses on the use of Bayesian network in assisting SAD diagnosis, in which SAD is analyzed and modeled by Bayesian networks in two phases: construction of BN structure and Conditional Probability Tables (CPTs). This research provides a Bayesian network-based analysis of data, gathered from a number of engineering students.

A new security framework against Web services' XML attacks in SOA

Abstract: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural style whose primary goal is to achieve minimal dependency among interacting software agents. And as with all new technologies, it comes with its share of challenges. Of particular difficulty is the challenge of securing a service oriented system. Since Web services supply a significant way to provide SOA requirements, any brought up issues, like security of SOA, can be related to Web services. On the other hand, Web services are well-known XML1_based technologies. So the security of Web services can be directly affected by XML security. In this study, a new security framework is proposed which aims to defend main XML threats, especially WSDL attacks in an SOA environment. To the best of our knowledge, it is for the first time that such a practical solution has been offered, which not only handle one aspect of XML vulnerabilities like SOAP2 messages but, also try to defend WSDL3 threats, in an SOA environment.

Data mining application for customer segmentation based on loyalty: An iranian food industry case study

Abstract: Data Mining (DM) is a powerful new technique to help companies discover the patterns and trends in their customers' preferences. It is also a well-known tool for customer relationship management (CRM). Data mining methodology has made a tremendous contribution for researchers wanting to extract hidden knowledge and information. This study has proposed a new procedure, based on an expanded RFM model, by including two additional parameters D and C. It constructs a model for clustering customer value based on RFMDC attributes and K-means algorithm. We evaluate the result and suggest suitable behavior policies for each cluster. The developed methodology has been implemented for Kalleh dairy company in Iran to illustrate the proposed procedure.

Using SARFIMA Model to Study and Predict the Iran’s Oil Supply

Abstract: In this paper the specification of long memory has been studied using monthly data in total oil supply in Iran from 1994 to 2009. Because monthly oil supply series in Iran are showing non-stationary and periodic behavior we fit the data with SARIMA and SARFIMA models, and estimate the parameters using conditional sum of squares method. The results indicate the best model is SARFIMA (0, 1, 1) (0, -0.199, 0) 12 which is used to predict the quantity of oil supply in Iran till the end of 2020. Therefore SARFIMA model can be used as the best model for predicting the amount of oil supply in the future. Keywords : Long memory; Conditional sum of squares; SARFIMA model; Oil; Iran JEL Classifications : C12; C13; C22; C50

Synthesis of Some Novel 2-Arylidene Thiazoloquinazolinone Derivatives via One-Pot, Three-Component Reaction

Abstract: A one-pot, multicomponent reaction of thioxoquinazolinone with ethyl chloroacetate and aromatic aldehydes is described for the preparation of novel thiazoloquinazolinone derivatives using sodium hydride in ethanol under reflux conditions. The structures of all synthesized compounds were identified by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis data. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Two Zn(II) and Cd(II) Compounds Derived from 9-Aminoacridine: Syntheses, Characterizations, Crystal Structures and Solution Studies

Abstract: The aqueous reactions of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) nitrate and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, (pydcH2), with 9-aminoacridine, (AAcr), resulted in the formation of two new proton transfer compounds, (AAcrH)2[Zn(pydc)2]3H2O (1) and (AAcrH)2[Cd(pydc)2]4H2O (2) The compounds were characterized using IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction Both compounds crystallized in the triclinic crystal system, space group \(P\bar 1\), with two molecules per unit cell The anions were six-coordinate complexes with distorted octahedral geometries around the Zn(II) and Cd(II) centers The dihedral angles indicated that the two (pydc)2− ligands were almost perpendicular to each other The complex anions of [M(pydc)2]2- were neutralized with (AAcrH)+ cations These cations formed extended stacks throughout the structures The water molecules clustered around cyclic tetramers, bridging the anions and forming a link to the aminoacridiunium stacks A potentiometric pH titration method was used to investigate the protonation constants of AAcr and pydc, the pydc-AAcr proton transfer equilibrium constants, and the stoichiometries and stabilities of complex formation with Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions in 50% dioxane-50% water

Benzene-1,3-diammonium bis­(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato)nickelate(II) penta­hydrate

Abstract: In the title compound, (C6H10N2)[Ni(C7H3NO4)2]·5H2O, the NiII ion is six-coordinated by two N and four O atoms from two pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ate ligands in a distorted octa­hedral fashion. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.4669 (19) and 3.764 (2) A].

Dynamic analysis of fractures in north of torud - moalleman area (central iran, east south of damghan)

Abstract: بر پایه مطالعات مقدماتی تا تفصیلی زمین‌شناسی، ساختاری و زمین‌ساختی منطقه شمال ترود- معلمان (ایران مرکزی) حد فاصل گسل انجیلو در شمال وگسل ترود در جنوب، عناصر زمین‌ساختی شامل­گسل‌ها، شکستگی­ها و چین‌خوردگی‌های این گستره شناسایی و ساز وکار هر یک و ارتباط آنها با پهنه برشی راستالغز چپ‌گرددو گسل اصلی نام برده شده در بالا، بررسی شد و نقشه شکستگی‌های منطقه به تصویر درآمد. افزون بر آن، در این پژوهش به بررسی سامانه جنبش در گسل‌های چالو- گندی و حافظ پرداخته شد. بر مبنای داده­های به‌دست آمده و با روش‌های نوین تحلیل لغزش گسل که در آن، موقعیت سطوح لغزش و بردار لغزشی، فاکتور شکل بیضوی تنش و زاویه اصطکاک درونی توده سنگ دخالت دارند، میدان تنش و جهت‌گیری محورهای اصلی تنش در گستره مورد مطالعه، تحلیل شد. موقعیت تنش‌های اصلی ،وپس از تعیین میزان زاویه اصطکاک درونی برای هر پهنه گسل، محاسبه شد و در نهایت، با داده‌های ترکیبی برای تمامی منطقه، جهت‌گیری تنش‌های اصلی ،و به ترتیب برابر با 104/07, 339/78, 195/10 تعیین شد. شکل بیضوی تنش نیز بر مبنای فاکتور شکل )]-) / (-( [R= تعریف شده توسط Angelier (1975) تعیین شد. مقدار R برای همه محدوده‌ها در حدود 5/0 و نوع دگر ریختی، ترافشارشی (Transpressional) چپ‌گرد با مؤلفه کوچک شاغولی به‌دست آمد. این نتیجه، نشان از وجود میدان تنش با سوی رو به شمال و در نتیجه حرکت رو به شمال پوسته در این پهنه از کشور دارد که با نتایج به‌دست آمده از بررسی شکستگی‌ها وگسل‌های منطقه و تعیین ساز و کار هر یک از آنها در این پهنه برشی به‌طور کامل همخوانی دارد.

Propane-1,3-diaminium pyridine-2,5-di­carboxyl­ate dimethyl sulfoxide mono­solvate

Abstract: In the crystal structure of the title solvated molecular salt, C3H12N22+·C7H3NO42−·C2H6OS, two amine groups of propane-1,3-diamine (pda) are protonated and two carb­oxy­lic acid groups of pyridine-2,5-dicarb­oxy­lic acid (2,5-pydcH2) are deprotonated. The crystal packing features N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­actions.

Tris(4,4'-bi-1,3-thia-zole-κN,N')iron(II) tetra-bromidoferrate(III) bromide.

Abstract: In the [Fe(4,4′-bit)3]2+ (4,4′-bit is 4,4′-bi-1,3-thia­zole) cation of the title compound, [Fe(C6H4N2S2)3][FeBr4]Br, the FeII atom (3 symmetry) is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral geometry by six N atoms from three 4,4′-bit ligands. In the [FeBr4]− anion, the FeIII atom (3 symmetry) is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and Br⋯π inter­actions [Br⋯centroid distances = 3.562 (3) and 3.765 (2) A] link the cations and anions, stabilizing the structure.

Sedimentary structures and depositional environment of the Ashin Formation in Nakhlak area, Central Iran

Abstract: Middle to Upper Triassic (Upper Ladinian to Lower Carnian) deep-sea sedimentary rocks crop out across a large area west of Nakhlak village, Central Iran and have been named Ashin Formation. The up to 304m thick, turbiditic, siliciclastic Ashin Formation consists of alternating turbiditic, thin- and medium-bedded calcareous sandstones, purple, fine-grained volcaniclastic sandstones, and mostly green and violet, very thin-bedded volcaniclastic shales that can be subdivided into three members. Ammonoids collected from members 1 and 3 of the Ashin Formation indicate a Late Ladinian to Early Carnian age for the formation. These alternations fine upwards and exhibit sedimentary structures such as graded bedding, parallel lamination (with parting lineation) convolute bedding, small-scale cross-bedding, load casts, groove casts, prod casts, flute casts, bounce casts, chevron casts, brush casts and chips and protraction traces indicating A to E parts of the Bouma cycle. Septarian nodules occur repeatedly. The lower surfaces of sandstones contain abundant trace fossils belong to the deep-sea Nereites ichnofacies. Numerous signs of strong current activity such as groove casts, flute casts and prod marks associated with trace fossils such as Paleodictyon, Protopaleodictyon, Megagrapton and Lorenzinia indicate that the Ashin Formation represents a deep marine environment. The field and petrographic studies show that the Ashin Formation was deposited in distal parts of submarine fans, on the abyssal plain.

X-Ray, Crystal Structure and Solution Phase Studies of a Polymeric SrII Compound

Abstract: In the crystal structure of the title polymeric compound, (C 42 H38 N6O33 Sr 5.2(H2O)) n, five independent metal atoms (Sr1-Sr5) have different coordination environments. The Sr1 and Sr5 atoms are nine coordinated and feature distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic and capped square-antiprismatic geometries, respectively. The rest Sr II atoms have eight coordination numbers. These units are connected via the carboxylate O atoms of mono- and di anionic forms of pyridine- 2,6-dicarboxylic acid, (pydcH 2), and bridging water molecules that resulted in the formation of polymeric layers in 3-D. In the crystal structure, non-covalent interactions consisting of hydrogen bonds (O—H···O and C—H···O), �-� (interplanar distances of 3.413(2); 3.601(2) A) and CO···� (O···� distances of 3.249(3); 3.275(3) A) stacking interactions play an important roles in stabilizing the structure. The protonation constants of propane-1, 2-diamine (1, 2-pn) and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate ion (pydc) 2- , the equilibrium constants for the pydc-1,2-pn proton transfer system and the stoichiometry and stability of this system with Sr 2+ ion in aqueous solution were investigated by potentiometric pH titrations. The stoichiometry of one of the most abundant complexed species in solution was found to be the same as that of the crystalline Sr II complex.

Separation of Liquiritin from Glycyrrhizic Acid in Licorice Root Extract by Nanofiltration Membrane

Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the separation of liquiritin (LQ) from glycyrrhizic acid (GA), in licorice aqueous solutions using nanofiltration (NRT-7450) membrane The LQ and GA components are the main active ingredients of licorice root extract with various pharmacological effects, The effects of transmembrane pressure, feed temperature, feed pH, and cross-flow velocity on permeate flux and recovery were determined A lab scale cross-flow set up using flat-sheet configuration membrane was employed for all experiments SEM micrographs showed the changes in the fouled surface during operating time The applied transmembrane pressure, feed temperature, feed pH, and cross-flow velocity were varied from 4 to 10 bars, 30 to 40°C, 3 to 9, and 08 to 31 m s−1 respectively The obtained recoveries for GA and LQ varied between 065 to 186% and 1689 to 4165%, respectively The optimum operating conditions for separation LQ from GA in licorice aqueous solutions using NRT-7450 nanofiltration membrane were 1

2-Amino-4-methyl­pyridinium 6-carb­oxy­pyridine-2-carboxyl­ate methanol monosolvate

Abstract: In the title solvated molecular salt, C6H9N2+·C7H4NO4−·CH4O, the pyridine N atom of 2-amino-4-methyl­pyridine is protonated and one carboxyl group of pyridine-2,6-dicarb­oxy­lic acid is deprotonated. The dihedral angles between the –CO2 and –COH groups and the pyridine ring are 0.65 (13) and 7.4°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica: Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Abstract: A simple, high-yielding synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles from 1,2-diketone/1,2-hydroxyketone and aldehydes in the presence of NH4OAc is described. Under solvent-free conditions, aryl and heteroaryl substituted imidazoles are formed in yields ranging from 70 to 90%.

Bis(2-amino-6-methyl-pyridinium) tris-(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl-ato)zirconate(IV) dihydrate.

Abstract: In the title compound, (C6H9N2)2[Zr(C7H3NO4)3]·2H2O, the ZrIV atom is nine-coordinated by three pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ate ligands in a distorted tricapped trigonal–prismatic ZrN3O6 environment. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.