Showing papers by "Jawaharlal Nehru University published in 1982"
TL;DR: Arecoline was concluded to have weak chromosome-damaging effects in vivo, and the frequency of aberrations showed a dose-response relationship.
71 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that monoamine oxidase activity was decreased at early time intervals after diabetes, followed by a recovery in all three regions of the brain after diabetes.
Abstract: The effect of alloxan diabetes on the activity of monoamine oxidase was studied in three regions of the rat brain at various time intervals after the onset of diabetes. It was observed that monoamine oxidase activity was decreased at early time intervals after diabetes, followed by a recovery in all three regions of the brain. A reversal of the effect was observed with insulin administration to the diabetic rats.
45 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that Na2+,K2+‐ATPase activity increased at early time intervals after diabetes, followed by a recovery to near control levels in all three regions of the brain.
Abstract: The effect of alloxan diabetes on the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase was studied in three regions of rat brain at various time intervals after the onset of diabetes. It was observed that Na2+,K2+-ATPase activity increased at early time intervals after diabetes, followed by a recovery to near control levels in all three regions of the brain. There was an overall increase in Mg2+-ATPase activity in all the regions. A reversal of the effect was observed with insulin administration to the diabetic rats
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of metal pollution in the soil environment, physiological effect on plants, and factors contributing to uptake of individual metal from among a group of metals have been summarized.
Abstract: On the basis of reviews of more than 250 publications dealing with metal‐soil‐plant interaction, various controlling factors have been evaluated. Source of base metals, nature of soil formation and fractionation, and mobilization of metals in the soil profile, uptake limits by various plants, differing assimilation by different plants and different parts of a plant, etc. have been studied and the state of knowledge on the subject evaluated. Impact of metal pollution in the soil environment, physiological effect on plants, and factors contributing to uptake of individual metal from among a group of metals have been summarized. While extensive studies have been made on the micronutrient aspects of base metals in the soil environment, the literature survey revealed a wide gap in our knowledge on excess available base metals in the soil environment. Limited literature available on the subject clearly points out that metal pollution of plants will be the result of contamination of the soil environment. Finally...
30 citations
TL;DR: Perinatal administration of BHA to the pregnant mice (P generation) receiving 500 μg of DMBA would result in significant reduction in tumor risk among the individuals of F1 generation and F2 generation.
Abstract: Administration of 500 μg of DMBA to female mice during late pregnancy results in the occurrence of tumors in F1 and F2 generation individuals. F1 progeny had a higher percentage of tumor-bearing individuals than the F2 progeny. All the five litters of F1 females displayed tumor risk but the risk declined progressively in successive litters. Perinatal administration of BHA to the pregnant mice (P generation) receiving 500 μg of DMBA would result in significant reduction in tumor risk among the individuals of F1 generation (p < 0.01) and F2 generation (p < 0.05).
26 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that a critical level of PE or PC is required for proper functioning of yeast membrane and suggest that the uptake of amino acids was significantly reduced in PC- or PE-enriched cells.
25 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that C. albicans cells with altered lipid content acquire resistance to γ radiation, and there was no damage to available sulfhydryl groups following the exposure of cells to various doses of γ Radiation.
Abstract: The effect of various doses of γ radiation (5-60 krad) on the membrane permeability and cell survival of Candida albicans, a pathogenic yeast, was investigated. A reduction in the cell survival and in the accumulation of amino acids (proline, glycine, lysine, and glutamic acid) was observed following irradiation. The rate of oxygen uptake, which is often associated with transport, was also reduced. There was no damage to available sulfhydryl groups following the exposure of cells to various doses of γ radiation. The membrane lipid composition of C. albicans cells can be altered by growing them in alkanes of varying chain lengths. The effect of such altered lipid composition on radiosensitivity was examined. It was observed that C. albicans cells with altered lipid content acquire resistance to γ radiation.
22 citations
TL;DR: Rhythmic circadian variations in the spontaneous electrical activity of the frontal ganglion of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, have been shown, and the neurotransmitter involved in this activity has been identified as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
Abstract: Rhythmic circadian variations in the spontaneous electrical activity of the frontal ganglion (FG) of the cockroach,Periplaneta americana, have been shown, and the neurotransmitter (NT) involved in this activity has been identified as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). During the 24-h day, the diurnal variations in the electrical activity and the levels of 5-HT and its immediate metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were maximal at 24.00 h and minimal at 12.00 h.
21 citations
TL;DR: A bacteriological study of the lake water in J. N. University, New Delhi, was carried out during 1979-80 for the period of one year, and the quality of water was assessed to establish the pattern of periodicity and seasonal variations of total and faecal coliform bacteria.
Abstract: A bacteriological study of the lake water in J. N. University, New Delhi, was carried out during 1979–80 for the period of one year, and the quality of water was assessed to establish the pattern of periodicity and seasonal variations of total and faecal coliform bacteria. Extreme variations were found in the bacterial counts in different samples collected from the lake water, at the same time. There existed a positive correlation between total coliform and faecal coliforms. Observations indicated that the bacteriological quality of water was much below the recommended standards for recreational and drinking waters.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new mechanism for the transport of water and solutes in plants is suggested based on the formation of double layer suffice to balance gravity is provided by showing that the energy content of the double layer capacitor is of the same order of magnitude as the gravitational potential at 100 meters height for an equivalent mass of electrolyte.
Abstract: Apart from having certain shortcomings in explaining observed facts, the cohesion theory of ascent of sap is shown to be untenable on thermodynamic grounds. A new mechanism for the transport of water and solutes in plants is suggested based on the formation of double layer suffice to balance gravity is provided by showing that the energy content of the double layer capacitor is of the same order of magnitude as the gravitational potential at 100 meters height for an equivalent mass of electrolyte. Thin films as well as filled columns of electrolyte can form in the lumen of vessels and tracheids, depending on the value of the charge density at the wall surfaces. The dynamics of this mechanism is based on the electrochemical gradient of water and solutes, i.e. on transpiration, but negative pressures are not required. Relative contributions of double layer films and intact columns to transport are estimated; the former is considered to be the durable and predominant mode of transport in tall trees.
16 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the manifestation of damage to membrane structure and function precedes any observable loss of survival and the radioprotection by sodium formate under these circumstances, and more so by anoxia, were demonstrated.
Abstract: A decrease in the influx of several amino acids was observed following gamma-irradiation. At low dose (2.5 Gy), which does not affect cell survival, a stimulation in the uptake was visible; moreover, sulphydryl loss and lipid peroxidation were also evident. With further increase in the dose of radiation, a parallel increment in the loss of sulphydryl groups and production of malonaldehyde was observed. Radioprotectors like L-cysteine and dithiothreitol were shown to shield the radiation-induced loss of sulphydryl and damage to transport and survival. Reduced glutathione, on the other hand, exhibited protection at the level of sulphydryl damage only. N-ethylmaleimide, a well known hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, enhanced the radiosensitivity with respect to survival; it, however, had no effect on amino acid transport. Oxygen enhancement of radiation damage to transport and cell survival and the radioprotection by sodium formate under these circumstances, and more so by anoxia, were demonstrated. The results indicate that the manifestation of damage to membrane structure and function precedes any observable loss of survival.
TL;DR: The dielectric constant of bone and its two components (collagen and apatite) were determined at 9.2 GHz in a room temperature environment by the cavity perturbation technique and a possible mechanism of ultraviolet interaction with bone is described.
Abstract: The dielectric constant of bone and its two components (collagen and apatite) were determined at 9.2 GHz in a room temperature environment by the cavity perturbation technique. After samples were exposed to ultraviolet light, repeat measurements under identical conditions showed decreases in both the real and the imaginary parts of the dielectric constant in all cases. The present work describes the technique and a possible mechanism of ultraviolet interaction with bone.
TL;DR: One point mutations in human haemoglobins have been analysed and it is seen that most of these mutations satisfy the condition P 1 > P 2, which shows that the hypothesis that the information content of DNA is a reasonable evolutionary measure is consistent with the above condition.
TL;DR: Light - enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity was 8 times greater than the dark control and NR in vivo was more stable in light than in darkness, the half - lives being 9.6 h and 6.4 h, respectively.
Abstract: Light - enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity was 8 times greater than the dark control. Exogenous application of sucrose, glucose and fructose increased the induction of NR in the light as well as in the dark, whereas glycolate had no effect. DCMU [3 - (3, 4 - dichlorophenyl) - 1, 1- dimethyl urea] completely inhibited the development of NR in light. Sucrose, when added with DCMU, reversed this inhibitory effect NR in vivo was more stable in light than in darkness, the half - lives being 9.6 h and 6.4 h, respectively. The addition of sucrose did not change the half - life of NR in either light or darkness. Ammonium, the end product of the inorganic nitrogen assimilatory pathway, stimulated the NR activity whereas amino acids decreased it.
TL;DR: These ongoing arrangements commonly get their shape and consistency not from traditional ideologies but from interplay of the participants' current interests, from short-span legitimations, and from coercive means located in institutions ultimately of European inspiration as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: genous categories. These ongoing arrangements commonly get their shape and consistency not from traditional ideologies but from interplay of the participants’ current interests, from shortspan legitimations, and from coercive means located in institutions ultimately of European inspiration. From this standpoint, assiduous application to textual analysis, en route to the study of this contemporary society, may seem to be a red herring.’ On this score even more serious doubts may assail the historians of modern India. In their confident analyses of such subcontinental phenomena
TL;DR: There may be a new form of monoamine oxidation associated with the soluble fraction of the cell which has properties different from the two well-known monoamine oxidases A and B, according to the present data.
TL;DR: Blue light enhancement of NR was only partially repressed by inhibitors of cyclic photophosphorylation and the synthesis of chlorophyll under blue light was one third of that synthesized in white light, suggesting the blue light effects are not mediated through photosynthesis or phytochrome.
TL;DR: In this article, the problems of fluoride pollution and its health hazards in India are described and approaches for the study of industrial fluoride intoxication are suggested, and the authors also suggest approaches to diagnose industrial fluorosis.
Abstract: Fluoride is a widespread, non‐biodegradable and relatively persistent pollutant, which at low levels of contamination causes serious health problems difficult to cure. Fluoride pollution in India is mainly due to natural sources reported so far. Its concentration in waters is much higher than the recommended values by different authorities. More than half a million people are affected by the disease called fluorosis, which is due to chronic fluoride intoxication. This paper describes the problems of fluoride pollution and its health hazards in India. It also suggests approaches for the study of industrial fluoride intoxication.
TL;DR: Nitrogen fixation activity (acetylene reduction) associated with the roots of Typha angustata Bory et Chaub (Typhaceae) was found to vary in the range 60.4–65.1 g N ha−1 day−1.
TL;DR: In this article, an examination of the coliform group of micro-organisms responsible for causing pollution in drinking waters was conducted, and an inverse correlation of bacterial counts was noted with the dissolved inorganic nitrogenous compounds like ammonia, nitrite and nitrate.
Abstract: This investigation is concerned with an examination of the coliform group of micro‐organisms responsible for causing pollution in drinking waters. Bacterial counts (MPN) were correlated with certain physical and chemical factors, viz. electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, Ca‐Mg hardness, inorganic nitrogen substances, inorganic sulphate and phosphate contents of the water. The coliform counts (MPN) varied with seasonal variations and changes in the properties of the water bodies. An inverse correlation of bacterial counts was noted with the dissolved inorganic nitrogenous compounds like ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. Similar observations were made when compared with dissolved salts of phosphate and sulphate.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, preliminary studies on the effect of surface area on the performance of a solar still were carried out and the results showed an increase in distillate output in all these cases especially at low water depths and in the presence of solar radiation.
Abstract: The paper deals with the results of preliminary studies on the effect of surface area on the performance of a solar still. Results on the effects of floating coal, compartmentalization and stirring of raw water are reported with respect to a reference still in terms of percentage increase in distillate output. The results show an increase in distillate output in all these cases especially at low water depths and in the presence of solar radiation. The stirring of raw water gave interesting results during daytime which have been explained on the basis of increased aquation of air within the system.
TL;DR: The Gompertz model is shown to lead to the log normal distribution for the intrinsic abundance of species and this follows from a statistical mechanical approach to the model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that the distribution system may fail to deliver goods due to diminishing food supplies from domestic production, critical dependence on monsoon, machinations of large-scale farmers' lobby and private trade, and the generally slow pace of economic development.
Abstract: The processes of urban growth as such and the unprecedented agglomeration of population in larger urban centers in India will continue to exert stress on public food distribution policy in the coming years. The distribution system may fail to deliver goods due to diminishing food supplies from domestic production, critical dependence on monsoon, machinations of large-scale farmers' lobby and private trade, and the generally slow pace of economic development. The existing uncertainties do not suggest any bright future for satisfaction of the food needs of the average city dweller in India. Perhaps recurrent failures in procurement will force the national government to depend more and more on external supplies. The continued dependence on imports either to stabilize prices or to replenish food stocks may finally explode the myth of self-reliance in food. Either way, food security will be a paramount concern for the nation in the 1980s.
TL;DR: Modification of radiosensitivity of oxic and anoxic damage in ‘dry’ as well as ‘metabolizing’ barley seeds by S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid was investigated and WR-2721, a well-known euoxic radioprotector in several mammalian systems, enters into the seeds as an intact entity and confers significant Radioprotection against the oxic damage.
TL;DR: Nitrate reductase activity, induced by germination in KNO3 showed a strong rhythmicity during the early stages of germination of wheat embryos, and some evidence suggests that the fluctuations in enzyme activity may result from a more rapid degradation of enzyme during the decreasing phase of the rhythm.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Nitrate reductase (NR) activity, induced by germination in KNO3 showed a strong rhythmicity during the early stages of germination of wheat embryos. Peaks of activity occurred approximately every 12 h. There was no relationship between the amounts of nitrate in the embryos and enzyme activity. The fluctuations in enzyme activity did not appear to be due to reversible inactivation of the enzyme. Some evidence suggests that the fluctuations in enzyme activity may result from a more rapid degradation of enzyme during the decreasing phase of the rhythm.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between these two types of device (solar and geothermal) indicates that the latter has two main advantages: (a) the capital investment is less (due to the absence of a solar collector array) and (b) there is non-stop, around-the-clock availability of energy and so a higher utilisation efficiency at all times and seasons.
TL;DR: Divalent metal ions have been found to protect membranes of red beet crown gall tissue more than their adjacent normal regions from thermal or gamma radiation stress, suggesting the possibility of an alteration on the surface charge accompanying tumor formation in plants.
Abstract: Divalent metal ions have been found to protect membranes of red beet crown gall tissue more than their adjacent normal regions from thermal or gamma radiation stress, suggesting the possibility of an alteration on the surface charge accompanying tumor formation in plants. Further, tumor tissue has been observed to possess enhanced membrane ATPase activity, a higher tissue sulfhydryl content and increased protein levels, thus suggesting a model of ‘source’ (normal tissue) and ‘sink’ (tumor tissue) relationship.
TL;DR: In this paper, the organisational development of international co-operation in Indian agricultural research has been studied and the structural response to international cooperation is analysed, and the importance of international collaboration in research activities and the significance of a suitable structural mechanism for dealing with administrative problems.