Showing papers by "Kun Shan University published in 2004"
TL;DR: It is shown that the data points in SCM can self-organize local optimal cluster number and volumes without using cluster validity functions or a variance-covariance matrix and is robust to noise and outliers.
Abstract: This paper presents an alternating optimization clustering procedure called a similarity-based clustering method (SCM). It is an effective and robust approach to clustering on the basis of a total similarity objective function related to the approximate density shape estimation. We show that the data points in SCM can self-organize local optimal cluster number and volumes without using cluster validity functions or a variance-covariance matrix. The proposed clustering method is also robust to noise and outliers based on the influence function and gross error sensitivity analysis. Therefore, SCM exhibits three robust clustering characteristics: 1) robust to the initialization (cluster number and initial guesses), 2) robust to cluster volumes (ability to detect different volumes of clusters), and 3) robust to noise and outliers. Several numerical data sets and actual data are used in the SCM to show these good aspects. The computational complexity of SCM is also analyzed. Some experimental results of comparing the proposed SCM with the existing methods show the superiority of the SCM method.
211 citations
TL;DR: A novel weighted max–min model for fuzzy goal programming (FGP) and for fuzzy multiple objective decision-making is proposed and can be effectively incorporated with other approaches to FGP and is superior to the weighted additive approach.
124 citations
TL;DR: An MIP-QCM sensor able to detect micro-determine albumin concentrations was prepared by imprinting albumin with 3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide-acrylate, and a linear fitting was established and a clinical real sample was tested, showing promising results.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, three ways of preparing polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) hybrid nano-composites were investigated, and two of them used the coupling agent 3-glycidyloxy propyl trimethoxysi- lane (GPTMOS) to enhance the compatibility between PI and silica.
Abstract: Polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) hybrid nanocom- posites were prepared by the sol-gel process directly from a soluble polyimide. This soluble PI was synthesized from a diamine with a pendant phenyl hydroxyl group, 4,4-dia- mino-4-hydroxy triphenyl methane (DHTM) and a dianhy- dride, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), followed by cyclo- dehydration. Three ways of preparing PI/SiO2 hybrid nano- composites were investigated in this study. Two of them used the coupling agent 3-glycidyloxy propyl trimethoxysi- lane (GPTMOS) to enhance the compatibility between PI and silica. The coupling agent can react with the PI to form covalent bonds. The structures of the modified hybrid nano- composites were identified with a FTIR, whereas the size of the silica in polyimides was characterized with a scanning electron microscope. The size of silica particles in the mod- ified system was 100 nm. The covalently bonded PI/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposites prepared by the novel third ap- proach exhibited good transparency when the silica content was 15%. Moreover, their thermal and mechanical prop- erties exhibited a significant improvement. © 2004 Wiley Pe-
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent, mixed with biopolymer molecular chi-tosan, to perform a pad dry- cure treatment on woolen fabrics to study its antimicrobial effects and physical prop- erties with the help of IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis.
Abstract: In this study, we used citric acid (CA) as a crosslinking agent, mixed with biopolymer molecular chi- tosan, to perform a pad- dry- cure treatment on woolen fabrics to study its antimicrobial effects and physical prop- erties with the help of IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis. From the experimental results, we learned that CA did not crosslink with the woolen fibers if the woolen fabrics were not oxidized by potassium permanganate and that after oxidization, CA pro- duced esterification with the OOH group of the wool and chitosan and transamidation with theONH2 group of the wool to form a crosslink. The surface crosslinks of the oxi- dized woolen fibers were relatively coarse, which is unde- sirable for shrink-proofing and yet beneficial for the antimi- crobial and antiseptic effects of the woolen fabrics. It had a negative effect on the fabric softness, yellowness, stretching resistance, and elongation percentage. © 2004 Wiley Periodi-
108 citations
TL;DR: Observations support ligand exchange as the dominant reaction between NOM and the iron oxide surfaces; however, if the soil surface has been occupied by soil organic matter, then the sorption of NOM is more due to hydrophobic effect.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of heating height on the flame characteristics of a domestic gas stove was investigated. And the authors showed that flame structure, temperature distribution and thermal efficiency are greatly influenced by the heating height.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of heat transfer on the net work output and the indicated thermal efficiency of an air standard Dual cycle is analyzed and the results are of importance to provide good guidance for the performance evaluation and improvement of practical Diesel engines.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the incorporation of titanium atoms into zinc oxide films is obvious effectively, when Ti target power is above 250 W. The experimental results show that the deposition rate increases approximately linearly with Ti target powers (DC) when lower than 300 W powers of them were applied.
57 citations
TL;DR: A novel iterative method of palette-based image steganography that minimizes the RMS error between an original image and its stego-image, based on a palette modification scheme.
56 citations
TL;DR: The nanoindentation experiment was carried out to estimate nanomechanical characteristics of polycarbonate polymer films and showed that the effective elastic modulus and the hardness decreased as the applied load was increased.
TL;DR: In this article, the G-Nets inference mechanism with operation rules is applied to derive the optimal switching operation decision for service restoration to perform the optimal load transfer among distribution feeders after the fault has been identified and isolated.
Abstract: In this paper, the customer information in customer information systems (CIS) and information of customer and distribution transformers in outage management information systems (OMIS) in Taiwan Power Company (Taipower), are used to determine the daily load patterns of service areas, sectionalizing switches, distribution feeders, and main transformers. During system normal operation conditions, the feeder reconfiguration for load balancing among distribution feeders is obtained by the G-Nets inference mechanism to enhance the operation performance of distribution systems. For distribution contingencies, such as feeder overloading and/or short-circuit fault, the G-Nets inference mechanism with operation rules is applied to derive the optimal switching operation decision for service restoration to perform the optimal load transfer among distribution feeders after the fault has been identified and isolated. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a practical Taiwan power distribution system with daily load patterns derived by load survey study is selected to perform the computer simulation. It is found that the G-Nets inference mechanism approach can enhance the solution process of fault restoration with proper load transfer and improve feeder load balancing for distribution systems by considering the load characteristics of the service customers.
TL;DR: In this paper, a closed-form expression for the sensitivity of vibration modes has been obtained using the relationship between the resonant frequency and contact stiffness of cantilever and sample.
TL;DR: Variation in fluorescence intensity under various coagulation conditions is considered to assess the mechanism by which humic acids and phosphate react with aluminum ions, and suggests that at low coagulating pH, the positively charged aluminum species can be used to bridge between the phosphate ion and the humic acid molecules.
TL;DR: In this paper, two-layer nanocrystalline and two-layered SnO 2 coatings were obtained by electrodeposition at 85°C in nitric acid solution.
TL;DR: The extragenic production of SP is well correlated with the therapeutic effect of low-power laser in preserving chondrocytes and the repair of arthritic cartilage in rats.
Abstract: Lin YS, Huang MS, Chai CY, Yang RC: Effects of helium-neon laser on levels of stress protein and arthritic histopathology in experimental osteoarthritis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004;83:758–765.Objective:To investigate the effect of low-power laser therapy on levels of stress proteins (SPs) in
03 Mar 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the robust stability property of linear discrete time-delay singular systems with structured parametric uncertainties is considered and necessary and sufficient conditions based on μ-analysis and guardian map theory are obtained to guarantee the properties.
Abstract: The robust stability property of linear discrete time-delay singular systems with structured parametric uncertainties is considered. Under the assumptions that the nominal time-delay singular systems are regular, causal and stable, necessary and sufficient conditions based on μ-analysis and guardian map theory are obtained to guarantee the properties by transforming the problem into checking the nonsingularity of a class of uncertain matrices. A tight bound is obtained in terms of μ for keeping the discrete time-delay singular systems regular, causal and stable. The results can be easily extended to deal with robust D-stability problem. Two examples are given to show the feasibility of the approach.
TL;DR: In this article, a 2,6-dimethylphenol-dipentene dicyanate ester (DPCY) was synthesized from the reaction of 2, 6-dimethyltetentene adduct and cyanogen bromide and the proposed structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra.
Abstract: A 2,6-dimethylphenol-dipentene dicyanate ester (DPCY) was synthesized from the reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenol-dipentene adduct and cyanogen bromide. The proposed structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. DPCY was then cured by itself or cured with bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCY). Thermal properties of cured epoxy resins were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), dielectric analysis (DEA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These data are compared with those of BADCY. The cured DPCY exhibits a lower dielectric constant (2.61 at 1 MHz), dissipation factor (29.3 mU at 1 MHz ), thermal stability (5% degradation temperature and char yield are 429°C and 17.64%, respectively), glass transition temperature (246°C by TMA and 258°C by DMA), coefficient of thermal expansion (33.6 ppm before Tg and 134.1 ppm after Tg), and moisture absorption (0.95% at 48 h) than those of BADCY, but higher moduli (5.12 GPa at 150 °C and 4.60 GPa at 150 °C) than those of the bisphenol A system. The properties of cured cocyanate esters lie between cured BADCY and DPCY, except for moduli. Moduli of some cocyanate esters are even higher than those of cured BADCY and DPCY. A positive deviation from the Fox equation was observed for cocyanate esters.
TL;DR: In this article, the results of assembled electrochemical cell tests indicated that electrodeposited cuprous oxide film permitted high electrochemical capacities and excellent cycle retention, after 50 cycles, the capacities still sustained at about 220mAh/g, and the decay was not significant except the first cycle.
TL;DR: In this paper, an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever was used to calculate the cutting force in the nanomachining process using the conjugate gradient method.
Abstract: This study presents a means of calculating the cutting force during the nanomachining process using an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever. The determination of the cutting force in the machining system is regarded as an inverse vibration problem. The conjugate gradient method is applied to treat the inverse problem using available displacement measurements. Numerical results show that the method can accurately estimate the cutting force even for problems with error of displacement measurement. Furthermore, the initial guesses for the cutting force can be arbitrarily chosen and the computing time required for the inverse calculations takes less than one second using a Pentium III-450 MHz PC.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors solved the two dimensional inverse problem of estimating the unknown heat flux at a pin fin base by the conjugate gradient method, where no prior information on the functional form of the unknown quantity is required.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the influence of different experimental parameters on the height and width of the nanowires and nanodots in a tantalum film formed on a silicon substrate.
Abstract: Nanolithography and nanoindentation of tantalum-oxide nanowires and nanodots in tantalum films formed on silicon substrate were studied using atomic force microscopy and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) Several experiments were conducted to investigate the influence that the different experimental parameters had on the height and width of the nanowires and nanodots These included applied voltage, humidity, scanning oxidization time and scanning orientation The results indicated that as the oxidation time and the applied voltage were increased the nanostructure's height and width also increased Additionally, the nanodots were measured by SCM and the hardness of the nanowires was obtained using nanoindentation
TL;DR: In this article, the Hamilton's principle was used to derive the governing differential equations for the coupled bending-bending vibration of a rotating beam with a tip mass, arbitrary pretwist, an elastically restrained root, and rotating at a constant angular velocity.
TL;DR: This article presents an optimal expansion strategy of water quality monitoring stations for fulfilling a long-term monitoring mission under an uncertain environment and describes a set of more robust and flexible expansion alternatives in terms of spatial priority.
Abstract: River reaches are frequently classified with respect to various mode of water utilization depending on the quantity and quality of water resources available at different location. Monitoring of water quality in a river system must collect both temporal and spatial information for comparison with respect to the preferred situation of a water body based on different scenarios. Designing a technically sound monitoring network, however, needs to identify a suite of significant planning objectives and consider a series of inherent limitations simultaneously. It would rely on applying an advanced systems analysis technique via an integrated simulation-optimization approach to meet the ultimate goal. This article presents an optimal expansion strategy of water quality monitoring stations for fulfilling a long-term monitoring mission under an uncertain environment. The planning objectives considered in this analysis are to increase the protection degree in the proximity of the river system with higher population density, to enhance the detection capability for lower compliance areas, to promote the detection sensitivity by better deployment and installation of monitoring stations, to reflect the levels of utilization potential of water body at different locations, and to monitor the essential water quality in the upper stream areas of all water intakes. The constraint set contains the limitations of budget, equity implication, and the detection sensitivity in the water environment. A fuzzy multi-objective evaluation framework that reflects the uncertainty embedded in decision making is designed for postulating and analyzing the underlying principles of optimal expansion strategy of monitoring network. The case study being organized in South Taiwan demonstrates a set of more robust and flexible expansion alternatives in terms of spatial priority. Such an approach uniquely indicates the preference order of each candidate site to be expanded step-wise whenever the budget limitation is sensitive in the government agencies.
TL;DR: The authors used macro commands to write an interface generating direct slicing from 3D CAD models and G-code contours for all layers and successfully applied the interface to the UV resin spray rapid prototyping machine that was developed to produce RP.
Abstract: Rapid prototyping processes produce parts layer by layer directly from 3D CAD models. An important technique is required to slice the geometric model of a part into layers and to generate a motion code of the cross-sectional contour. Several slicing methods are available, such as slicing from sterolithgraphy (STL) files, tolerate-error slicing, adaptive slicing, direct slicing, and, adaptive and direct slicing. This paper proposes direct slicing from 3D CAD models and generating a G-code contour of each layer using PowerSOLUTION software (Delcam International, Birmingham, UK). PowerSOLUTION includes two main modules: PowerSHAPE is used to build 3D CAD models and PowerMILL is used to produce G-Code tool paths. It provides macro language, picture files and cutting paths for secondary development work. The authors used macro commands to write an interface generating direct slicing from 3D CAD models and G-code contours for all layers. Most well-known controllers in the market accept the G-Code. Therefore, it is easier to apply this scheme in a CNC-machining center to produce rapid prototyping such as laminated object manufacturing (LOM) for complex geometries. The interface was successfully applied the interface to the UV resin spray rapid prototyping (UVRS-RP) machine that was developed to produce RP.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined the daily load patterns of service zones, line switches, distribution feeders, and main transformers by using customer information in a customer information system and information about distribution transformers in the outage management information system (OMIS) in Taiwan Power Company (Taipower).
Abstract: This study attempts to determine the daily load patterns of service zones, line switches, distribution feeders, and main transformers by using customer information in a customer information system (CIS) and information about distribution transformers in the outage management information system (OMIS) in Taiwan Power Company (Taipower). When a power distribution system is operating under normal conditions, the reconfiguration of feeders for balancing loads among distribution feeders is obtained by the colored Petri nets (CPN) inference mechanism, which improves the operating performance of distribution systems. A practical Taiwan power distribution system, with daily load patterns derived by a load survey, is used for a computer simulation and, thus, determines the effectiveness of the proposed methodology to improve the balancing of the feeder load for distribution systems by considering the load characteristics of the service customers.
08 May 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a novel uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is proposed with the performance of input current harmonic suppression, input power factor correction and output voltage regulation.
Abstract: In the paper, a novel uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is proposed with the performance of input current harmonic suppression, input power factor correction and output voltage regulation. This UPS comprises two power converters, a shunt power converter and a series power converter. The shunt power converter is connected to the utility via a link inductor, for providing a compensating voltage, to suppress the input current harmonic and improve the input power factor. The series power converter is connected serially to the load to provide a clean and regulated output voltage. A voltage-mode control algorithm with fast response and simple control circuit is proposed to control the shunt power converter. The series power converter is controlled by a current-mode control to ensure the quality of output voltage. A single-phase prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed UPS. Experimental results show that the proposed UPS has expected performance.
TL;DR: In this article, the tribological characteristics and cutting performance of chromium carbide (Cr x % C)-coated cemented carbide tool inserts and micron-drills were investigated in dry machining condition.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new capacitor protection for resonant harmonic loads by applying a low capacity power converter to act as a virtual harmonic resistor to damp the resonance effect at the harmonic frequency and regenerating the real power back to the utility system at the fundamental frequency with minimum power loss.
Abstract: Power capacitors are widely used for power factor correction in power systems. System harmonic currents and voltages have caused violent capacitor failures in recent years resulting in power interruptions. This paper proposes a new capacitor protection for resonant harmonic loads by applying a low capacity power converter to act as a virtual harmonic resistor to damp the resonance effect at the harmonic frequency and regenerates the real power back to the utility system at the fundamental frequency with minimum power loss. A three-phase prototype was developed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed method. The test results show the performance was as expected.
TL;DR: This paper proposes a method for performing fuzzy multiple discriminant analysis on groups of crisp data and determining the membership function of each group by minimizing the classification error using a genetic algorithm.