Showing papers by "Mangalayatan University published in 2017"

Isolation of phosphate solubilizing microorganism (PSMs) from soil.

Abstract: Plants acquire phosphorus from soil solution as phosphate anion. It is the least mobile element in plant and soil contrary to other macronutrients. It precipitates in soil as orthophosphate or is absorbed by Fe and Al oxides through legend exchange. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play role in phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants through release from inorganic and organic soil P pools by solubilization and mineralization. Principal mechanism in soil for mineral phosphate solubilization is lowering of soil pH by microbial production of organic acids and mineralization of organic P by acid Phosphatase. Use of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria as inoculants increases P uptake. These bacteria also increase prospects of using phosphatic rocks in crop production. Greater efficiency of P solubilizing bacteria has been shown through co-inoculation with other beneficial bacteria and mycorrhiza. This article incorporates the recent developments on microbial P solubilization into classical knowledge on the subject. Keywords: Soil phosphorus, Solubilization, Mineralization, Organic acids, Soil pH, Bacillus, Pseudomonas.

Nanoparticles as Efflux Pump and Biofilm Inhibitor to Rejuvenate Bactericidal Effect of Conventional Antibiotics

Abstract: The universal problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotic reflects a serious threat for physicians to control infections. Evolution in bacteria results in the development of various complex resistance mechanisms to neutralize the bactericidal effect of antibiotics, like drug amelioration, target modification, membrane permeability reduction, and drug extrusion through efflux pumps. Efflux pumps acquire a wide range of substrate specificity and also the tremendous efficacy for drug molecule extrusion outside bacterial cells. Hindrance in the functioning of efflux pumps may rejuvenate the bactericidal effect of conventional antibiotics. Efflux pumps also play an important role in the exclusion or inclusion of quorum-sensing biomolecules responsible for biofilm formation in bacterial cells. This transit movement of quorum-sensing biomolecules inside or outside the bacterial cells may get interrupted by impeding the functioning of efflux pumps. Metallic nanoparticles represent a potential candidate to block efflux pumps of bacterial cells. The application of nanoparticles as efflux pump inhibitors will not only help to revive the bactericidal effect of conventional antibiotics but will also assist to reduce biofilm-forming capacity of microbes. This review focuses on a novel and fascinating application of metallic nanoparticles in synergy with conventional antibiotics for efflux pump inhibition.

A Fast and Validated Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Telmisartan and Irbesartan in Bulk Drugs and Tablet Formulations

Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a fast and simple reversed-phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of four cardiovascular agents-atorvastatin, simvastatin, telmisartan and irbesartan in bulk drugs and tablet oral dosage forms. The chromatographic separation was accomplished by using Symmetry C18 column (75 mm × 4.6 mm; 3.5 μ) with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate buffer (10 mM; pH 4.0) and acetonitrile in a ratio 40:60 v/v. Flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min up to 3.5 min, and then suddenly changed to 2 mL/min till the end of the run (7.5 min). The data was acquired using ultraviolet detector monitored at 220 nm. The method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity. The developed method has shown excellent linearity (R² > 0.999) over the concentration range of 1-16 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.189-0.190 and 0.603-0.630 µg/mL, respectively. Inter-day and intra-day accuracy and precision data were recorded in the acceptable limits. The new method has successfully been applied for quantification of all four drugs in their tablet dosage forms with percent recovery within 100 ± 2%.

Allosteric inhibition of aminopeptidase N functions related to tumor growth and virus infection.

Abstract: Cell surface aminopeptidase N (APN) is a membrane-bound ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes proteins and peptides and regulates numerous cell functions. APN participates in tumor cell expansion and motility, and is a target for cancer therapies. Small drugs that bind to the APN active site inhibit catalysis and suppress tumor growth. APN is also a major cell entry receptor for coronavirus, which binds to a region distant from the active site. Three crystal structures that we determined of human and pig APN ectodomains defined the dynamic conformation of the protein. These structures offered snapshots of closed, intermediate and open APN, which represent distinct functional states. Coronavirus envelope proteins specifically recognized the open APN form, prevented ectodomain progression to the closed form and substrate hydrolysis. In addition, drugs that bind the active site inhibited both coronavirus binding to cell surface APN and infection; the drugs probably hindered APN transition to the virus-specific open form. We conclude that allosteric inhibition of APN functions occurs by ligand suppression of ectodomain motions necessary for catalysis and virus cell entry, as validated by locking APN with disulfides. Blocking APN dynamics can thus be a valuable approach to development of drugs that target this ectoenzyme.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Justicia adhatoda Against Methicillian Resistant and Sensitive Strain Along with Their Clinical Isolates

Abstract: Higher and aromatics plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine as well as to extend the shelf life of foods, showing inhibition against bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Most of their properti...

Sequence and Structure Based Binding Prediction Study of HLA Class I and cTAP Binding Peptides for Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Development

Abstract: Japanese encephalitis is a major threat in developing countries, even the availability of several conventional vaccines, which demand development of more effective vaccines. The present study used propred I and Immune Epitope Database Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm (IEDB-ANN) to identify the conserve and promiscuous T cell epitopes from JEV proteome followed by structure based analysis of potential epitopes. Among all identified 102 epitopes, ten epitope were promiscuous but two epitopes of glycoprotein viz. 55LVTVNPFVA63 and 38IPIVSVASL46 were found most promiscuous, highly conserved and high population coverage in comparison of known antigenic positive control peptides. The B cell epitopes of glycoprotein also share these two T cell epitopes revealed by BCPred algorithm which can be a basis to confer the protection by neutralizing antibody combined with an effective cell-mediated response. Further, Autodock 4.2 and NAMD–VMD molecular dynamics simulation were used for docking and molecular dynamics simulation respectively, to validate epitope and allele complex binding stability. The 3D structure models were generated for epitopes and corresponding HLA allele by Pepstr and Modeller 9.10 respectively. Epitope LVTVNPFVA–B5101 allele complex showed best energy minimization and stability over the time window during simulation. Here we also present the binding sequel of epitope LVTVNPFVA and its eventual transport through cTAP1 (PDB ID: 1JJ7) revealed by Autodock 4.2, which is an essential path for HLA class I binding epitopes to elicit immune response. The docking experiment of epitope LVTVNPFVA and cTAP1 very well show a 2 H-bond with a binding energy of −1.88 kcal/mol and other binding state of epitope forming no H-bond with a binding energy of −1.13 kcal/mol in the lower area of cTAP1 cavity. These results show a smooth pass through of the epitope across the channel of cTAP1. Overall, identified peptides have potential application in the design and development of short peptide based vaccines and diagnostic agents for Japanese encephalitis.

Optimal Power Flow Based Economic Generation Scheduling in Day-ahead Power Market

Abstract: The present work deals with the economic rescheduling of the generation in an hour-ahead electricity market. The schedules of various generators in a power system have been optimizing according to active power demand bids by various load buses. In this work, various aspects of power system such as congestion management, voltage stabilization and loss minimization have also taken into consideration for the achievement of the goal. The interior point (IP) based optimal power flow (OPF) methodology has been used to obtain the optimal generation schedule for economic system operation. The IP based OPF methodology has been tested on a modified IEEE-30 bus system. The obtained test results shows that not only the generation cost is reduced also the performance of power system has been improved using proposed methodology. Full Text: PDF DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i3.pp124-134

“Mission for the Sanitary India: A Case Study of Aligarh City” Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract: India is a religious country with ancient civilization and having population diverse religion. Our country having so much pride in unity in diversity lacks behind in meeting. International standards of sanitation and cleanliness realizing poor sanitation. The Father of nation Mahatma Gandhi had a dream of clean India. Gandhi played a great role for making Indian clean and green. Moreover the Government of India has followed the foot prints of Gandhi and took his dream in positive way by starting a Mission for the sanitary India. The Mission was started by Honourable Prime Minister of India Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi on 2nd of October, 2014 in the honour of Mahatma Gandhi 145th Birth anniversary at Rajghat, New Delhi with an aim to make clean India. The Mission aim is to provide upliftment to the maintenance of adequate disposal system of domestic sewage, cleanliness in rural and urban development, availability of safe and clean drinking water to all. Mission implementation and aim to complete sanitary India dream through Mission for the sanitary India by the year 2019. Some of the ministries involved in mission for the sanitary India are Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Drinking water and Sanitation, Public Sector Undertaking, Corporations, National Government Organizations (NGOs), State Governments, Defence Research and Development Organisation etc. However, it has been clearly declared that the campaign is not only the duty of the government alone but each and every citizen of the country is equally responsible to keep the nation clean and green, and mission for the sanitary India.

Impact of Environmental Factors on Selection of Defence Services Officers

Abstract: "Objective – “Change is the only constant” is a cliche but it is important to identify the factors which are changing to emerge as challenges before the military leadership of tomorrow. The societies are bound to be affected by the changes taking place in the environment. Generally, every society is affected by the four types of environmental factors. These are political, social, economic and technological. Since in India, democracy is deep rooted and the philosophy of the defence forces is same and has neither changed nor is likely to change, this factor is not under study here. So, the purpose is to study the impact of other environmental factors on selection of Defence Services Officers. Methodology/Technique – The study has been carried out by personally visiting all the Service Selection Centres of the Indian Armed Forces and presenting a questionnaire to large number of junior, middle and senior level serving and retired officers at various places. Only 449 officers responded which included 190 junior officers, 133 middle-level officers and 126 senior officers. The response was put through SPSS software system and analysed. Findings – The analysis clearly revealed that environmental changes in the society over a period of time do impact the qualities in the youth which have direct bearing on their selection for officers in the armed forces. Since the selection is based on finding the officers like qualities available or trainable in the youth, the impact of environmental factors is directly affecting the intake of the youth resulting in deficiency of officers’ cadre in the armed forces. Novelty – The research contributes to develop scientific knowledge in environmental change effect on selection of defence officers."