Showing papers by "Motorola published in 2010"

LTE-advanced: next-generation wireless broadband technology [Invited Paper]

Abstract: LTE Release 8 is one of the primary broadband technologies based on OFDM, which is currently being commercialized. LTE Release 8, which is mainly deployed in a macro/microcell layout, provides improved system capacity and coverage, high peak data rates, low latency, reduced operating costs, multi-antenna support, flexible bandwidth operation and seamless integration with existing systems. LTE-Advanced (also known as LTE Release 10) significantly enhances the existing LTE Release 8 and supports much higher peak rates, higher throughput and coverage, and lower latencies, resulting in a better user experience. Additionally, LTE Release 10 will support heterogeneous deployments where low-power nodes comprising picocells, femtocells, relays, remote radio heads, and so on are placed in a macrocell layout. The LTE-Advanced features enable one to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements. It may also be noted that LTE Release 9 provides some minor enhancement to LTE Release 8 with respect to the air interface, and includes features like dual-layer beamforming and time-difference- of-arrival-based location techniques. In this article an overview of the techniques being considered for LTE Release 10 (aka LTEAdvanced) is discussed. This includes bandwidth extension via carrier aggregation to support deployment bandwidths up to 100 MHz, downlink spatial multiplexing including single-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output transmission and coordinated multi point transmission, uplink spatial multiplexing including extension to four-layer MIMO, and heterogeneous networks with emphasis on Type 1 and Type 2 relays. Finally, the performance of LTEAdvanced using IMT-A scenarios is presented and compared against IMT-A targets for full buffer and bursty traffic model.

Security Technology for Smart Grid Networks

Abstract: There is virtually universal agreement that it is necessary to upgrade the electric grid to increase overall system efficiency and reliability. Much of the technology currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. There have been three major blackouts in the past ten years. The reliance on old technology leads to inefficient systems, costing unnecessary money to the utilities, consumers, and taxpayers. To upgrade the grid, and to operate an improved grid, will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and broadband communication capabilities. The access and communications capabilities require the latest in proven security technology for extremely large, wide-area communications networks. This paper discusses key security technologies for a smart grid system, including public key infrastructures and trusted computing.

Modeling of Biomimetic Robotic Fish Propelled by An Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Caudal Fin

Abstract: In this paper, a physics-based model is proposed for a biomimetic robotic fish propelled by an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuator. Inspired by the biological fin structure, a passive plastic fin is further attached to the IPMC beam. The model incorporates both IPMC actuation dynamics and the hydrodynamics, and predicts the steady-state cruising speed of the robot under a given periodic actuation voltage. The interactions between the plastic fin and the IPMC actuator are also captured in the model. Experimental results have shown that the proposed model is able to predict the motion of robotic fish for different tail dimensions. Since most of the model parameters are expressed in terms of fundamental physical properties and geometric dimensions, the model is expected to be instrumental in optimal design of the robotic fish.

Carrier aggregation framework in 3GPP LTE-advanced [WiMAX/LTE Update]

Abstract: Carrier aggregation is one of the most distinct features of 4G systems including LTEAdvanced, which is being standardized in 3GPP as part of LTE Release 10. This feature allows scalable expansion of effective bandwidth delivered to a user terminal through concurrent utilization of radio resources across multiple carriers. These carriers may be of different bandwidths, and may be in the same or different bands to provide maximum flexibility in utilizing the scarce radio spectrum available to operators. Support for this feature requires enhancement to the LTE Release 8/9 PHY, MAC, and RRC layers while ensuring that LTE Release 10 maintains backward compatibility to LTE Release 8/9. This article provides an overview of carrier aggregation use cases and the framework, and their impact on LTE Release 8/9 protocol layers.

Machine Learning in Medical Imaging

Abstract: This article will discuss very different ways of using machine learning that may be less familiar, and we will demonstrate through examples the role of these concepts in medical imaging. Although the term machine learning is relatively recent, the ideas of machine learning have been applied to medical imaging for decades, perhaps most notably in the areas of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and functional brain mapping. We will not attempt in this brief article to survey the rich literature of this field. Instead our goals will be 1) to acquaint the reader with some modern techniques that are now staples of the machine-learning field and 2) to illustrate how these techniques can be employed in various ways in medical imaging.

Carrier Aggregation in LTE-Advanced

Abstract: UMTS LTE system can support flexible bandwidth configuration up to 20 MHz. Currently, system enhancements are being considered to provide substantial improvements to LTE and allow it to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements. One key enhancement feature is bandwidth extension via carrier aggregation to support deployment bandwidth up to 100 MHz. This will allow peak target data rates in excess of 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink to be achieved. Carrier aggregation is attractive because it allows operators to deploy a system with larger bandwidth by aggregating several smaller contiguous or non-contiguous carriers while providing backward compatibility to legacy users. For instance, an 80MHz system can be constructed using contiguous or non-contiguous 4×20MHz component carriers. Legacy users can then access the system using one of the component carriers. This paper provides an overview of carrier aggregation and discusses major technical issues including aggregation structure, scenarios, implementation, control signalling design and coexistence with legacy LTE systems.

Methods and devices for power-aware data synchoronization in wirless devices

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods of a communication device including initiating an initial communication via a modem in response to a data pull communication event or a data push communication event and determining by the controller a measured network condition associated with transmitting the initial communication as well as determining by the controller the power consumption of the initial communication based on a measured network condition value processed by monitoring the modem. Methods of a communication device further include comparing the power consumption value with a predetermined power consumption value stored in the memory related to a predetermined acceptable measured network condition value for this type of communication event, and terminating by the controller, the communication when the power consumption value exceeds the predetermined power consumption value based upon the acceptable measured network condition value for this type of communication event.

Resource allocation in wireless communication systems

Abstract: A wireless communication terminal including a controller coupled to a wireless transceiver that receives a first control message on an anchor carrier, wherein the first control message includes a resource assignment for the anchor carrier. The transceiver is also configured to receive a second control message on the anchor carrier, the second control message associated with a set of component carriers, wherein the set of component carriers are distinct from the anchor carrier. The controller determines a resource assignment for at least one component carrier in the set of component carriers using both the first and the second control messages.

Method and apparatus for generating reference signals for accurate time-difference of arrival estimation

Abstract: A base station communicates a positioning reference signal (PRS) to wireless communication devices over a downlink in a wireless communication system by encoding a PRS into a first set of transmission resources, encoding other information into a second set of transmission resources, multiplexing the two sets of resources into a subframe such that the first set of resources is multiplexed into at least a portion of a first set of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbols based on an identifier associated with the base station and the second set of resources is multiplexed into a second set of OFDM symbols. Upon receiving the subframe, a wireless communication device determines which set of transmission resources contains the PRS based on the identifier associated with the base station that transmitted the subframe and processes the set of resources containing the PRS to estimate timing (e.g., time of arrival) information.

Interference control, sinr optimization and signaling enhancements to improve the performance of otdoa measurements

Abstract: A wireless terminal receives signaling information, pertaining to a reference signal transmission in at least one specifically designated sub frame, the signaling information including a list, the list including base station identities The terminal determines, from at least one of the base station identities in the list, the time-frequency resources associated with a reference signal transmission intended for observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) measurements from a transmitting base station associated with said one base station identity The time of arrival of a transmission from the transmitting base station, relative to reference timing, is measured The wireless terminal can receive a command from a serving cell to start performing inter-frequency OTDOA measurement on a frequency layer containing reference signals, the frequency layer distinct from the serving frequency layer, the serving frequency layer not containing positioning reference signals The wireless terminal can perform OTDOA measurements subsequent to the reception of the command on a carrier frequency different from the serving cell carrier frequency A base station transmitter can jointly schedule a reference signal transmission from a plurality of base station transmitters for the purpose of OTD estimation enhancement, and transmit identical reference signals from the plurality of base station transmitters, the reference signals being identical both in the signal sequence and time-frequency resources used for transmission

A Hybrid Nanosensor for TNT Vapor Detection

Abstract: Real-time detection of trace chemicals, such as explosives, in a complex environment containing various interferents has been a difficult challenge. We describe here a hybrid nanosensor based on the electrochemical reduction of TNT and the interaction of the reduction products with conducting polymer nanojunctions in an ionic liquid. The sensor simultaneously measures the electrochemical current from the reduction of TNT and the conductance change of the polymer nanojunction caused from the reduction product. The hybrid detection mechanism, together with the unique selective preconcentration capability of the ionic liquid, provides a selective, fast, and sensitive detection of TNT. The sensor, in its current form, is capable of detecting parts-per-trillion level TNT in the presence of various interferents within a few minutes.

Dual sided transparent display module and portable electronic device incorporating the same

Abstract: A dual sided transparent display module and an electronic device incorporating the same are provided. The dual sided transparent display module includes a primary transparent display having a first surface side and a second surface side. The transparent display module further includes a first side touch sensor array and a second side touch sensor array respectively located at the first surface side and the second surface side of the primary transparent display. The transparent display module still further includes a shutter element located at one of the first surface side and the second surface side of the primary transparent display.

Smart Grid security technology

Abstract: The security of the United States and the way of life of its citizens is dependant on the availability of the North American power grid. Much of the technology currently in use by the grid is outdated and in many cases unreliable. There have been three major blackouts in the past nine years. Further, the reliance on old technology leads to inefficient systems, costing the utilities and taxpayers unnecessary sums. There is virtually universal agreement that it is imperative to upgrade the electric grid to increase overall system efficiently and reliability. Such upgrades will require significant dependence on distributed intelligence and broadband communication capabilities. The access and communications capabilities require the latest in proven security technology for extremely large, wide area communications networks. This paper discusses the key components for a secure Smart Grid system.

Control and data signaling in heterogeneous wireless communication networks

Abstract: A method in a wireless communication device including receiving control signaling from a base station in a control region of a downlink carrier spanning a first bandwidth, receiving a signaling message from the base station indicating a second bandwidth, receiving a first control message within the control region using a first Downlink Control Information (DCI) format size, the first DCI format size based on the first bandwidth, and receiving a second control message within the control region using a second DCI format size, the second DCI format size based on the second bandwidth, wherein the second bandwidth is distinct from the first bandwidth and the first and second control messages indicate downlink resource assignments for the downlink carrier.

Secure attribute-based systems

Abstract: Attributes define, classify, or annotate the datum to which they are assigned. However, traditional attribute architectures and cryptosystems are ill-equipped to provide security in the face of diverse access requirements and environments. In this paper, we introduce a novel secure information management architecture based on emerging attribute-based encryption (ABE) primitives. A policy system that meets the needs of complex policies is defined and illustrated. Based on the needs of those policies, we propose cryptographic optimizations that vastly improve enforcement efficiency. We further explore the use of such policies in two proposed applications: a HIPAA compliant distributed file system and a social network. A performance analysis and characterization of ABE primitives demonstrates the ability to reduce cryptographic costs by as much as 98% over previously proposed constructions. Through this, we demonstrate that our attribute system is an efficient solution for securely managing information in large, loosely-coupled, distributed systems.

A method for database driven channel quality estimation in a cognitive radio network

Abstract: A method of determining operating parameters for a secondary system transmitter is described. The transmitter characteristics, including location and operating frequency band, are provided to a geo-location database. The database determines the maximum allowable transmission power that meets various specifications for different channels and conveys the power and channel(s) to the transmitter. The database estimates channel incumbent signal strengths based on the transmitter location and primary and higher-priority secondary incumbent systems, estimates the splatter levels, determines whether adjacent and co-channel interference protection ratios are met, and adjusts the allowable power level accordingly. The database also estimates aggregate co- and adjacent channel primary and secondary incumbent system interference levels at the transmitter location and predicts channel quality for each allowable channel. The estimated levels are updated using measurements of actual levels at the transmitter location. The database dynamically allocates channels using the secondary system priorities.

Printed force sensor within a touch screen

Abstract: A quantum tunneling composite, or other material exhibiting changing electrical or magnetic properties as force on the material is increased, can be located within a force concentrator integrated into traditional touch screen layers to sense force applied on the touch screen. The force concentrator can be a protrusion from the layer planes of the layers in a traditional touch screen and can be formed, at least in part, from printed elements. The amount of protrusion of the force concentrator can be adjusted through multi-pass printing and thicker deposit printing. The force concentrator can also have optically clear adhesive layered over it. The force-sensitive material can be optionally pre-loaded so as to operate within a substantially linear feedback range. A sensing mechanism can be configured to detect changes in force at multiple locations or to detect the application of force irrespective of location.

Spatial Information Feedback in Wireless Communication Systems

Abstract: A wireless communication unit and method therein including generating a transmission waveform based on a mapping of at least one directly-modulated sequence to a set of radio resource elements, wherein the directly-modulated sequence is a product of at least one transmitted coefficient and a corresponding base sequence and the transmitted coefficient is based on a first channel corresponding to a first transmit antenna and a second channel corresponding to a second transmit antenna, wherein the transmission waveform is transmitted from a transceiver of the wireless communication unit.

Interference mitigation in heterogeneous wireless communication networks

Abstract: A method in a wireless terminal transceiver includes receiving a sequence of frames from a first base station, wherein each frame in the sequence contains a first set of time-frequency resources which may be used for scheduling data and a second set of time-frequency resources not used for scheduling data. The transceiver also receives a message from the first base station identifying a third set of time-frequency resources that is a subset of the first set of time-frequency resources, and estimates the channel state based on the transmission received in the third set of time-frequency resources.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for an electronic device with a detachable user input attachment

Abstract: An electronic device (100) is configured to be operable with the user input attachment (102) so as to provide a user with the option of using a touch sensitive display (101) alone, or in conjunction with the control device or keypad having physical keys to enhance the tactile user experience. The electronic device (100) includes a touch sensitive display (101) and the controller (104) it is operable with a touch sensitive display (101). When the user input attachment (102) is coupled to the touch sensitive display (101), and identification module (106) is configured to identify the user input attachment (102) by way of a temporal signature signal (110). Once identified, and adaptation module (107) is configured to reconfigure the electronic device (100) in response to the user input attachment (102) being attached.

Relay operation in a wireless communication system

Abstract: A method in a relay node operating in a time division duplex system wherein the relay node transmits downlink pilot timeslot information to a user terminal in a first temporal region of a special sub-frame, communicates with a base station during a second temporal region of the special sub-frame, the second temporal region is configured as a guard period for communications between the relay node and the user terminal, and configures a third temporal region of the special sub-frame.

Method and apparatus for automatically ensuring consistency among multiple spectrum databases

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing accurate and consistent open spectrum results for secondary devices from different geo-location databases is presented. The results, which may be independently derived by each database, are independent of the database queried. The comparison permits some amount of latitude in spatial and temporal consistency between the databases as errors are only indicated if the temporal or spatial discrepancies are pervasive. In addition, large percentages of different locations showing discrepancies when compared also lead to corrective action being taken. Corrective actions that may be taken include forcing problematic databases to update, shunting requests by secondary devices in the problematic locations to acceptable databases or shutting down the problematic databases entirely.

A mobile computing device and method for maintaining application continuity

Abstract: A method of maintaining application continuity (900) and mobile computing device (200) are described. The method involves a mobile device running an application in synchronous communication with an application server. The application has a threshold communication null period for maintaining application continuity. The method (900) can include the steps of: operating (910) the application in synchronous communication with an application server, defining an active mode, wherein the synchronous communication is automatically enabled; providing (920) a dormant mode wherein the synchronous communication is automatically disabled in the mobile device for a predetermined duration; and interrupting (930) the dormant mode by momentarily communicating with the application server prior to a threshold communication null period, for maintaining application continuity. Advantageously, prior to a threshold period of communication inactivity, the dormant mode can be interrupted to maintain application connectivity, so the server will not stop the application and data will not be lost.

Energy-saving base station and method

Abstract: A wireless communication user terminal obtains uplink access configuration information on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) addressed to a plurality of user terminals by processing the PDCCH based on a first system information received from a base station on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) and based on synchronization information. The terminal sends a signature waveform based on the uplink access configuration information, prior to receiving system information in addition to the first system information, whereby the signature waveform enables the base station to transition from a relatively low power operating mode to a relatively high power operating mode.

Menu Configuration System and Method for Display on an Electronic Device

Abstract: A method (100) and electronic device (700) for presenting user actuation targets (1101,1102,1103) on a touch sensitive display (701) includes a controller (805) configured to determine a user actuation target arrangement (1300) having a hierarchy of precedence (1301). A display driver (809) is then configured to present the user actuation targets (1101,1102,1103) on the touch sensitive display (701) in accordance with the user actuation target arrangement (1300). This can include presenting user actuation targets (1201,1202) having a higher precedence closer to a user's finger (1206) than user actuation targets (1203,1204) having a lower precedence, or by magnifying user actuation targets (1201,1202) having a higher precedence. Precedence can be determined by most frequently selected targets, most recently selected targets, or other factors.

Closed-loop transmission feedback in wireless communication systems

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing channel feedback is provided herein. During operation a covariance matrix at time t (R) is calculated by the mobile as a function of a received downlink signal. In order to reduce overhead, R is normalized and quantized by the mobile using multiple codebook entries plus at least one constant for quantization. The mobile then transmits the normalized and quantized covariance matrix back to the base station as bit values indicating the selected entries from the codebook plus bit values corresponding to the at least one constant. The base unit then uses the covariance matrix estimate to determine appropriate channel beamforming weights, and instructs transmit beamforming circuitry to use the appropriate weights.

Method and apparatus for mitigating downlink control channel interference

Abstract: A method and apparatus that mitigates downlink control channel interference is disclosed. The method can include receiving a transmission from a network entity and determining a first timing offset to transmit a downlink subframe based on the transmission received from the network entity. The method can include receiving an uplink transmission from a mobile terminal and determining a second timing offset based on the first timing offset and based on the received uplink transmission. The method can include transmitting a timing advance command to the mobile terminal, the timing advance command including the second timing offset.

Method and system for facilitating wireless communication via alternate wireless pathway

Abstract: A mobile device system and related method are disclosed by which the device is able to communicate wirelessly not only via a Wide Area Network (WAN) communication link but also via an alternate communication link such as a Wi-Fi communication link. In one embodiment, the method includes detecting an availability of an additional (alternate) communication link made possible via an access point (AP), determining whether one or more first criteria relating to one or both of the AP and the device have been met and, provided that the one or more first criteria are met, automatically launching a browser to communicate with one or both of the AP and a remote server. The method further includes determining based upon one or more interactions whether one or more second criteria have been met and, provided that the one or more second criteria are met, conducting communications via the additional communication link.

USSD transport method and device

Abstract: An USSD transporting method (200) and mobile computing device (410) are described The method (200) can include the steps of: providing a data pushing operation (210) over a universal supplementary services data (USSD) channel from the application server to the mobile device client; and initiating a data pulling operation (220) over an internet protocol (IP) channel by the mobile device client, in response to the pushing operation Advantageously, for short data transfers, such as application server push notifications, USSD messages require lower power drain than packet data, due to the longer time to transition to an RRC idle state after the data transfer is completed Also, push notifications can be sent over USSD without an open IP session, thereby saving the client from having to maintain a persistent IP session, while employing alternate pulling transport means such as wireless LAN which require lower power drain than a wide area network

Joint Scheduling and Resource Allocation in CDMA Systems

Abstract: In this paper, the scheduling and resource allocation problem for the downlink in a code-division multiple access (CDMA)-based wireless network is considered. The problem is to select a subset of the users for transmission and for each of the users selected, to choose the modulation and coding scheme, transmission power, and number of codes used. We refer to this combination as the physical layer operating point (PLOP). Each PLOP consumes different amounts of code and power resources. The resource allocation task is to pick the ?optimal? PLOP taking into account both system-wide and individual user resource constraints that can arise in a practical system. This problem is tackled as part of a utility maximization problem framed in earlier papers that includes both scheduling and resource allocation. In this setting, the problem reduces to maximizing the weighted throughput over the state-dependent downlink capacity region while taking into account the system-wide and individual user constraints. This problem is studied for the downlink of a Gaussian broadcast channel with orthogonal CDMA transmissions. This results in a tractable convex optimization problem. A dual formulation is used to obtain several key structural properties. By exploiting this structure, algorithms are developed to find the optimal solution with geometric convergence.