Showing papers by "Nanchang University published in 2003"

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Soybean

Abstract: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an abundant source of DNA polymorphisms in a number of eukaryotic species. Information on the frequency, nature, and distribution of SNPs in plant genomes is limited. Thus, our objectives were (1) to determine SNP frequency in coding and noncoding soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) DNA sequence amplified from genomic DNA using PCR primers designed to complete genes, cDNAs, and random genomic sequence; (2) to characterize haplotype variation in these sequences; and (3) to provide initial estimates of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in soybean. Approximately 28.7 kbp of coding sequence, 37.9 kbp of noncoding perigenic DNA, and 9.7 kbp of random noncoding genomic DNA were sequenced in each of 25 diverse soybean genotypes. Over the >76 kbp, mean nucleotide diversity expressed as Watterson's theta was 0.00097. Nucleotide diversity was 0.00053 and 0.00111 in coding and in noncoding perigenic DNA, respectively, lower than estimates in the autogamous model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Haplotype analysis of SNP-containing fragments revealed a deficiency of haplotypes vs. the number that would be anticipated at linkage equilibrium. In 49 fragments with three or more SNPs, five haplotypes were present in one fragment while four or less were present in the remaining 48, thereby supporting the suggestion of relatively limited genetic variation in cultivated soybean. Squared allele-frequency correlations (r(2)) among haplotypes at 54 loci with two or more SNPs indicated low genome-wide LD. The low level of LD and the limited haplotype diversity suggested that the genome of any given soybean accession is a mosaic of three or four haplotypes. To facilitate SNP discovery and the development of a transcript map, subsets of four to six diverse genotypes, whose sequence analysis would permit the discovery of at least 75% of all SNPs present in the 25 genotypes as well as 90% of the common (frequency >0.10) SNPs, were identified.

On the Structure of "秀才秀才,错字布袋

Abstract: Sentence patterns like "秀才秀才,错字布袋"are unique in the grammatical structure, semantic structure and pragmatic function. The typical feature of this pattern is that the same word or phrase reappears continually at the very beginning. It has two parts: (1) The proceeding part("秀才秀才") includes a word and its repeated form, which is different from the reduplication in grammar and the continual repetition in rhetoric. This part can have referential functions in particular situations;and (2) The main function of the last part ("错字布袋")is to interpret the proceeding one. It is the semantic focus of the whole sentence. This sentence pattern typically shows the features of proverbs like "秀才秀才,错字布袋"in language structure,semantic meaning and pragmatic function.

Benzene hydrogenation over amorphous NiB/bentonite catalyst and promoting effect of Nd

Abstract: The supported amorphous NiB/bentonite (Bn) catalyst was prepared by impregnation, following the chemical reduction with KBH4 solution. The gas-phase benzene hydrogenation was used as a probe reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity. The amorphous NiB/bentonite catalyst exhibited higher activity than the Ni/bentonite catalyst; the difference is due to the formation of amorphous structure and the electronic interaction between Ni and B. Its activity and sulfur resistance were higher than those of the corresponding amorphous NiB/Al2O3 catalyst, owing to the better dispersion of active Ni and the stronger acidity over bentonite. Nd in suitable concentration could further enhance the hydrogenation activity and sulfur resistance by improving the surface area of active Ni. Such results were discussed based on various characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), temperature programmed desorption of hydrogen (H2-TPD), chemisorption and poisoning of carbon disulfide (CS2).

Superluminal propagation of light pulses: A result of interference

Abstract: The propagation of pulses through dispersive media was investigated by solving Maxwell's equations without any approximation. We show that the superluminal propagation of pulses through anomalous dispersive media is a result of the interference of different frequency components composed of the pulse. The coherence of the pulse plays an important role for the superluminal propagation. With the decrease of the coherence of the pulse, the propagation changes from superluminal to subluminal. We have shown that the anomalous dispersion (the real part of the susceptibility) not the amplification (the imaginary part of the susceptibility) plays the essential role in the superluminal propagation. Although the superluminality always exists as long as the spectrum of the coherent pulse is within the anomalously dispersive region, both the energy propagation velocity and the frontal velocity never exceed the light speed in the vacuum. The output pulse through the medium is not the original pulse; instead it carries the information of the original pulse and the information of the prepared medium.

Granules and reasoning based on granular computing

Abstract: This paper discusses the granules and granular computing. The granule of decision rules is defined. The inclusion and closeness degree between granules are also defined. A new reasoning model is proposed. The reasoning model may be used in reasoning of expert systems. Granule is thought as a pair $(\varphi, d (\varphi))$, it is the both logic and set theory. Where $\varphi$ may be a formula in rough logic or in classical logic or in any non-standard logic, $d(\varphi)$ is the interpretation domain of formula $\varphi$, The pair $(\varphi, d(\varphi))$ is called an elementary granule. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the reasoning model are illustrated with real examples. Related theorems and its proofs are discussed.

Arcwise Connected Cone-Convex Functions and Mathematical Programming

Abstract: The concept of arcwise connected cone-convex functions in topological vector spaces is introduced Optimality conditions and duality theorems for a vector-valued nonlinear programming problem involving arcwise connected cone-convex functions are discussed

Maxwell's multipole representation of traceless symmetric tensors and its application to functions of high-order tensors

Abstract: It is known from the theory of group representations that a general tensor can be expressed as a sum of traceless symmetric tensors. In this paper, based on Sylvester9s theorem, it is shown that a general traceless symmetric tensor of any finite order m in three dimensions can be expressed as the traceless symmetric part of tensor product of m unit vectors (called the multipoles) multiplied by a positive scalar. The above two basic structures of tensors allow us to easily give complete and irreducible representations for tensor functions with high–order tensor variables, since those for tensor functions of vectors are well established in the literature. Examples are given for scalar–valued functions of a single fourth–order tensor of the elastic type, and of a number of vectors and second–order tensors. In 1970 Backus gave an alternative proof of Sylvester9s theorem, which shows how to compute the multipoles. Since Backus9s result is not so ‘well known’ to the community of researchers working on continuum mechanics, in the present paper a direct (without using Sylvester9s theorem) and constructive establishment of Maxwell9s multipole representation is provided, which is closer in spirit to a more modern approach to this topic.

Optimization on the Performance Characteristics of a Magnetic Ericsson Refrigeration Cycle Affected by Multi-Irreversibilities

Abstract: A general irreversible cycle model of a magnetic Ericsson refrigerator is established. The irreversibilities in the cycle model result from the finite-rate heat transfer between the working substance and the external heat reservoirs, the inherent regenerative loss, the additional regenerative loss due to thermal resistances, and the heat leak loss between the external heat reservoirs. The cycle model is used to optimize the performance of the magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle. The fundamental optimum relation between the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance of the cycle is derived. The maximum coefficient of performance, maximum cooling rate and other relevant important parameters are calculated. The optimal operating region of the cycle is determined. The results obtained here are very general and will be helpful for the optimal design and operation of the magnetic Ericsson refrigerators.

Intramolecular charge transfer with N-benzoylaminonaphthalenes. 1-Aminonaphthalene versus 2-aminonaphthalene as electron donors

Abstract: N-(substituted-benzoyl)-1-aminonaphthalenes and N-(substituted-benzoyl)-2-aminonaphthalenes (1-NBAs and 2-NBAs) with varied substituents at the para- or meta-position of benzoyl phenyl ring were prepared to probe the difference between 1-aminonaphthalene (1-AN) and 2-aminonaphthalene (2-AN) as electron donors, using benzanilide-like charge transfer as a probe reaction. An abnormal long-wavelength emission was found for all of the prepared aminonaphthalene derivatives in cyclohexane and was assigned to the CT state by the observation of a substantial red shift with increasing solvent polarity or with increasing electron-withdrawing ability of the substituent. The CT emission energies were found to follow a linear relationship with the Hammett constant of the substituent and the value of the linear slope for 1-NBAs (−0.45 eV) was higher than that of 2-NBAs (−0.35 eV), the latter being close to that of the aniline derivatives (BAs, −0.345 eV). This pointed to a higher extent of charge separation in the CT state of 1-NBAs in which a full charge separation was established by the reduction potential dependence of the CT emission energy with a linear slope of −1.00. The possible contribution of the difference in the steric effect and the electron donating ability of the donors in 1-NBAs and 2-NBAs was ruled out by the observation that the corresponding linear slopes of benzoyl-substituted BAs remained unchanged when para-, meta-, ortho-, or ortho,ortho-methyls were introduced into the aniline moiety. It was therefore concluded that 1-AN enhanced the charge transfer in 1-NBAs and the proximity of its 1La and 1Lb states was suggested to be responsible. Results showed that the charge transfers in 1-NBAs and 2-NBAs were not the same and 1-AN and 2-AN as electron donors were different not only in electron donating ability but in shaping the charge transfer pathway as well.

Design and implement for diagnosis systems of hemorheology on blood viscosity syndrome based on GrC

Abstract: This paper discusses the design and implement for the diagnosis software of blood flowing dynamic theory on blood viscosity syndrome (BVS). The BVS is a clinical syndrome caused by one or several blood viscosity factors. The software of diagnosis and treatment in medicine is a reasoning system of the experience of simulating clinical experts. In the system, the experience of experts is transformed into the mathematical formulas using rough-fuzzy & fuzzy-rough approach. And then we create the reasoning system by the mathematical formulas and granular computing. The development of diagnosis software is successful via the applications of several thousand cases in clinic. The system is dynamic, it can learn from examples by visiting the case base. So addition, subtraction, adjustment and update for treatment measures are implemented dynamically. The formulas of the system in compare with similar systems are more perfect. The diagnosis efficiency in clinic of the system in compare with the doctors is higher.

FDTD Analysis of Reflection of Electromagnetic Wave from a Conductive Plane Covered with Inhomogeneous Time-Varying Plasma

Abstract: A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is applied to study the electro-magnetic reflection of conduction plane covered with inhomogeneous time-varying plasma, homogeneous plasma and inhomogeneous plasma. The collision frequency of plasma is a function of electron density and plasma temperature. The number density profile follows a parabolic function. A discussion on the effect of various plasma parameters on the reflection coefficient is presented. Under the one-dimensional case, transient electromagnetic propagation through various plasmas has been obtained, and the reflection coefficients of EM wave through various plasmas are calculated under different conditions. The results illustrate that a plasma cloaking system can successfully absorb the incident EM wave.

Adjusting Dependence Relations for Semi-Lazy TAN Classifiers

Abstract: The naive Bayesian classifier is a simple and effective classification method, which assumes a Bayesian network in which each attribute has the class label as its only one parent. But this assumption is not obviously hold in many real world domains. Tree-Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) is a state-of-the-art extension of the naive Bayes, which can express partial dependence relations among attributes. In this paper, we analyze the implementations of two different TAN classifiers and their tree structures. Experiments show how different dependence relations impact on accuracy of TAN classifiers. We present a kind of semi-lazy TAN classifier, which builds a TAN identical to the original TAN at training time, but adjusts the dependence relations for a new test instance at classification time. Our extensive experimental results show that this kind of semi-lazy classifier delivers lower error than the original TAN and is more efficient than Superparent TAN.

Extractingra methods of associated rules based on granular binary operations

Abstract: This paper discusses the information granules and its real examples.A relation between granule and binary numeral is established.The similarity and transforming relation between granular computing and binary numeral operations are also defined.Hence,the decision making based on granular computing is transformed into the extracting associated rulas using binery operations.The speed of decision making is more rapid,efficiency is also higher.

Study in Process Parameter of Preparating Rheocasting Slurry by the Method of Cooling Slope Tube

Abstract: Fine near ball nondendritic grain of primary microstructure needed by semi-solid forming was obtained in Preparation of the Rheocasting Slurry by method of cooling slope tube of alloy ZL101.The influences of cooling slope tube,the pour temperature and the cooling speed were investigated.The results show that the cooling slope tube has effect of producing mass (crystals.)The low pour temperature is in favor of producing (crystals,)but pour temperature can't be too low;the microstructure on demand can't be obtained when the cooling speed is too quick or too slow.Fine near ball nondendritic grain of primary microstructure needs suitable cooling criterion.

Scale Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Two-dimensional Engineering Graphics

Abstract: A digital watermarking scheme is presented according to the characteristics of two-dimensional engineering graphicsWatermarking information is embedded by modifying the scale of the distance between vertexes in two-dimensional engineering graphicsIf the visual effect is the same,this scale will not be changed because it is a whole characteristicThis scheme is very robust against the attack such as rotation,translation,scale and so on,which is illustrated by the result of the experiment

Granular language and its reasoning

Abstract: In this paper, we examine many real world examples of information granules, and construct a granular deductive reasoning system for these domains. Objects are ordered pairs; the first element is an assertion (to call logical formula) and the second is a semantic set corresponding to the assertion. So the granular language and its model involve both logic and set theory. So-called logic means that the reasoning obeys the syntax in logical language; So called set theory means that the operations corresponding to semantic sets of logical formulas obey the methods in set theory. The evaluation of truth values and the computation rule of granular formulas are established.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Effect of Reduction Associated with Organic Matter Decomposition on Magnetic Properties of Red Soils

Abstract: Five soils derived from different parent materials were sampled from red soil region of southern China and studied by magnetic methodology to understand to what extent iron reduction would affect soil magnetic properties and how iron reduction would affect the magnetic minerals in soils. Reduction associated with organic matter decomposition strongly affected soil magnetic parameters at low pH. The losses of original soil magnetic signals in terms of magnetic susceptibility (x), 'Soft' isothermal remanent magnetization ('Soft' IRM), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) at pH 4~6 during the two-month saturation treatment, were 66%-94%, 54%-90%, 64%-95% and 33%-83%, respectively. These changes were interpreted as a consequence of substantial dissolution of maghaemite and haematite in the soils. At pH 10, however, there was no significant magnetic change observed. Moreover, stable single domain soil maghaemite grains were also sensitive to reduction, which suggested that both pedogenic and detrital maghaemite were not stable in acid and reducing environments. Goethite, instead, was the most stable iron form under reducing conditions.

Green's Function for Orthorhombic Aggregates of Weakly Anisotropic Cubic Crystals

Abstract: Herein a closed but approximate formula of the Green's function is obtained for orthorhombic aggregates of cubic crystallites. This formula, which includes three material constants and three texture coefficients, accounts for the effects of the orientation distribution function (ODF) up to terms linear in the texture coefficients. Thus it is expected that our formula would be applicable to aggregates with weak texture or to materials such as aluminum whose single crystal has weak anisotropy. The approximate formula remains valid and assumes a simpler form when the polycrystal reduces to a weakly anisotropic cubic crystal. Two examples are presented to compare predictions from our formula with those from Nishioka and Lothe's formula and from Synge's contour integral through numerical integration.

The influence of heat-transfer laws on the performance characteristics of a magnetic Stirling refrigeration cycle

Abstract: SYNOPSIS The influence of irreversibilities of the finite-rate heat transfer between the working substance and the external heat reservoirs and the regenerative loss in the regenerative processes, on the performance of a magnetic Stirling refrigerator, is considered. Based on a general expression of the magnetisation intensity of a ferromagnetic material and a class of heat-transfer laws, the fundamental optimum relations between the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance and between the power input and the coefficient of performance are derived. The general characteristic curves of the cycle are presented. The influence of heat-transfer laws on the performance of the cycle is discussed in detail. These results obtained here are very general. They include the optimal performance of not only a magnetic Stirling refrigeration cycle but also a magnetic Carnot refrigeration cycle.

Preparation and catalytic performance of superfine Ni/BaTiO3catalyst

Abstract: Superfine Ni/BaTiO3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and used successfully for CO2 reforming CH4 to syngas. The effects of preparation method and the temperatures of calcination, reduction and reaction on the catalytic activity of the Ni/BaTiO3 system were investigated.