National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

About: National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & The Internet. The organization has 1506 authors who have published 2438 publications receiving 26786 citations.

Word Segmentation for Urdu OCR System

Abstract: This paper presents a technique for word segmentation for the Urdu OCR system. Word segmentation or word tokeniza� tion is a preliminary task for Urdu lan� guage processing. Several techniques are available for word segmentation in other languages. A methodology is pro� posed for word segmentation in this pa� per which determines the boundaries of words given a sequence of ligatures, based on collocation of ligatures and words in the corpus. Using this tech� nique, word identification rate of 96.10% is achieved, using trigram prob� abilities normalized over the number of ligatures and words in the sequence.

Scavenge: an intelligent multi-agent based voice-enabled virtual assistant for LMS

Abstract: The existing Learning Management Systems (LMSs) are profoundly effective in empowering the organization of e-learning, however, lacking in usability and learnability. The complex navigation...

Economic Substance or Legal Form: An Evaluation of Islamic Finance Practice

Abstract: Modern Islamic financing was started in the last quarter of 20th century and got momentum in the first decade of 21st century. Global volume of assets under Islamic financial system, have reached to US$ 2,000/- billion by the end of December 2014 (MIFC-2015). Purpose: Islamic financing is based on ideology of Islam, proposing a different economic system than capitalism. Essence of Islamic financing is either trading of goods, provision of services and/or investment under profit and loss sharing. This study is conducted to examine legal form as well as economic substance of the contracts used by Islamic financial industry.Design/Methodology: In order to conclude on the objectives of the study, five most widely used contracts (modes/products) including Murabaha, Ijarah, Diminishing Musharaka, Sukuk and Mudaraba (deposits), were selected to test against the theory of Islamic financial system.Findings: It is found in the process that legally (legal form) contracts/products are in line with theory; however economic substance is not very different from conventional counter parts.Practical Implications: Through application of alternative calculation measures/methods and proper training of human resources, Islamic financial Institutions can shift economic substance of contracts in line with theory of Islamic finance.Originality/Value: Islamic finance is an emerging area and reasonably good amount of literature is available, however perhaps this is the only piece of work focusing on calculation methods, contributing in economic substance of contracts, being used in modern Islamic finance in addition to legal form as per essence of Islamic financial system.

Optimized clustering in vehicular ad hoc networks based on honey bee and genetic algorithm for internet of things

Abstract: In vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), the size of routing table can be reduced with the help of clustering architecture. The frequent changes in topology are the noteworthy characteristics of a VANET as its nature is dynamic. To manage the topology dynamics in VANET with less overhead, the concept of clustering can be used. Henceforth, an effective procedure that adjusts quickly to the topology changes should be designed. Firstly, the clustering problem (CP) in VANET is formulated into a dynamic optimization problem in this paper. Secondly, an optimization algorithm named Vehicular Genetic Bee Clustering (VGBC) based on honey bee algorithm and properties of genetic algorithm solves the CP in VANETs is suggested. In VGBC, individuals (bees) represent a realistic clustering structure and its fitness is measured on the basis of load balancing and stability. A technique that merges the properties of genetic algorithm and honey bee algorithm is proposed. It helps the population to handle the topology changes and harvest high quality solutions. The simulation results piloted for justification demonstrate that the VGBC form steady and balanced clusters. The simulation results are matched with state of the art clustering schemes in VANET. The VGBC outperform existing schemes in terms of cluster count, cluster duration, re-affiliation rate, computational overhead, load balancing, VANET lifetime and clustering overhead.

Reductions and New Exact Solutions of ZK, Gardner KP, and Modified KP Equations via Generalized Double Reduction Theorem

Abstract: We study here the Lie symmetries, conservation laws, reductions, and new exact solutions of () dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK), Gardner Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (GKP), and Modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (MKP) equations. The multiplier approach yields three conservation laws for ZK equation. We find the Lie symmetries associated with the conserved vectors, and three different cases arise. The generalized double reduction theorem is then applied to reduce the third-order ZK equation to a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) and implicit solutions are established. We use the Sine-Cosine method for the reduced second-order ODE to obtain new explicit solutions of ZK equation. The Lie symmetries, conservation laws, reductions, and exact solutions via generalized double reduction theorem are computed for the GKP and MKP equations. Moreover, for the GKP equation, some new explicit solutions are constructed by applying the first integral method to the reduced equations.