National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

About: National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences is a education organization based out in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & The Internet. The organization has 1506 authors who have published 2438 publications receiving 26786 citations.

Extending Refactoring Guidelines to Perform Client and Test Code Adaptation

Abstract: Refactoring is a disciplined process of applying structural transformations in the code such that the program is improved in terms of quality and its external behavior is preserved Refactoring includes evaluation of its preconditions, execution of its mechanics and corrective actions required to retain the behavior of the program These transformations affect various locations throughout a program which includes its clients and unit tests Due to the complex dependencies involved within the program, preservation of program behavior often becomes nontrivial The guidelines on refactoring by Fowler lack precision and leave opportunities for developers to err In this paper, we analyze and present an exhaustive categorization of refactoring guidelines based on their impact on production and test code together In addition, we present extended refactoring guidelines that adapt the clients and unit tests to keep it syntactically and semantically aligned with the refactored code

Practices of Islamic Banking in the Light of Islamic Ethics: A Critical Review

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the practices of Islamic banks in the light of Islamic ethical values and philosophy of accountability to Allah and society. The paper’s structure comprises history and growth of Islamic banking, evaluation of non-compliance of Islamic banking with PLS modes of financing, emergence of earning management issues in Islamic banking, non-compliance with Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standards, issue of diverse versions of Islamic rulings (fatwA), evaluation of practices against fundamental Islamic philosophy of “accountability to Allah and society” and discussions and concluding remarks for future development of Islamic banking. The findings show that Islamic banks defend their practices by taking Islamic rulings from SharA«â€˜ah advisors in order to make them sharA«â€˜ah compliant not sharA«â€˜ah based. Profit maximization, availability of a vast range of Islamic rulings, market competition, lack of adequate risk management tools and trust on Islamic banking and meeting the general public expectations caused Islamic banks to comply with debt base modes of financing. Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) comply with International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), domestic accounting standard or mix of these but do not adopt the AAOIFI standard in their financial reporting. This paper is a value addition in the literature of Islamic finance which suggests what it ought to be. It also discusses the role of the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) and the governments of Islamic countries.

RALB‐HC: A resource‐aware load balancer for heterogeneous cluster

Abstract: In the heterogeneous computing environment, programmers map the applications either on CPUs or GPUs. However, this default mapping process does not produce improved results, particularly on the heterogeneous clusters. If one resource of the cluster is more compute capable, then most of the scheduling schemes favor that powerful device. In this scenario, the scheduling schemes overload the powerful resources while making all other compute resources remain under utilized. This load imbalance problem results in higher energy consumption and increased execution time. In this research, a novel Resource‐Aware Load Balancer for the Heterogeneous Cluster (RALB‐HC) is proposed that distributes workload based on resources computing capabilities and applications computing needs. The RALB‐HC uses supervised machine learning approach to classify applications using the static code‐features. The RALB‐HC framework comprises of two phases: (1) job mapping based on the availability of the resources and (2) the resource‐aware load balancing to achieve the higher resource utilization ratio. The experimental results on a large set of real‐world and synthetic workloads show that the RALB‐HC reduces execution time by 31.61%, increased resource utilization ratio by 67.8% and improved throughout 147.35% as compared to baseline scheduling schemes.