Showing papers by "National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences published in 2016"
TL;DR: The second critical assessment of functional annotation (CAFA), a timed challenge to assess computational methods that automatically assign protein function, was conducted by as mentioned in this paper. But the results of the CAFA2 assessment are limited.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A major bottleneck in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of life is the assignment of function to proteins. While molecular experiments provide the most reliable annotation of proteins, their relatively low throughput and restricted purview have led to an increasing role for computational function prediction. However, assessing methods for protein function prediction and tracking progress in the field remain challenging. RESULTS: We conducted the second critical assessment of functional annotation (CAFA), a timed challenge to assess computational methods that automatically assign protein function. We evaluated 126 methods from 56 research groups for their ability to predict biological functions using Gene Ontology and gene-disease associations using Human Phenotype Ontology on a set of 3681 proteins from 18 species. CAFA2 featured expanded analysis compared with CAFA1, with regards to data set size, variety, and assessment metrics. To review progress in the field, the analysis compared the best methods from CAFA1 to those of CAFA2. CONCLUSIONS: The top-performing methods in CAFA2 outperformed those from CAFA1. This increased accuracy can be attributed to a combination of the growing number of experimental annotations and improved methods for function prediction. The assessment also revealed that the definition of top-performing algorithms is ontology specific, that different performance metrics can be used to probe the nature of accurate predictions, and the relative diversity of predictions in the biological process and human phenotype ontologies. While there was methodological improvement between CAFA1 and CAFA2, the interpretation of results and usefulness of individual methods remain context-dependent.
330 citations
TL;DR: The measurable analyses performed on the proposed nonlinear algorithm show improvement in encryption quality and safety against numerous brute-force and statistical attacks and high safety against differential and linear cryptanalysis.
Abstract: In numerous encryption frameworks, the first information is changed into encoded form by applying nonlinear substitutions and affecting diffusion. The goal of the nonlinear change is to accomplish high level of randomness in the image content. The choice of the source of randomness is critical because the success in cryptanalysis is demarked by the characteristics identified in the encrypted data. The chaotic frameworks show random conduct that is suitable for encryption applications where nonlinear transformations are needed in the middle of plaintext and the scrambled information. The application of nonlinear functional chaos-based system with embedded chaotic systems and binary chaotic sequences can prompt randomness and diffusion in the information. In addition to the high state of randomness, the requirement for various round keys is needed in a run of the mill substitution---permutation process. The proposed strategy kills the requirement for different round keys, which is suitable for high-speed communication frameworks. The measurable analyses performed on the proposed nonlinear algorithm which show improvement in encryption quality and safety against numerous brute-force and statistical attacks. Also, the proposed framework demonstrates high safety against differential and linear cryptanalysis.
133 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a knowledge map is an imperative strategy for increasing organisations' effectiveness and there is a need for more knowledge maps research.
119 citations
TL;DR: This article discusses paradigmatic examples of existing solutions in both fields and real-world experiences found in the literature, instrumental in providing a foundation for selecting the most appropriate energy harvesting or wireless transfer technology based on the application at hand.
Abstract: Advances in micro-electronics and miniaturized mechanical systems are redefining the scope and extent of the energy constraints found in battery-operated wireless sensor networks (WSNs). On one hand, ambient energy harvesting may prolong the systems’ lifetime or possibly enable perpetual operation. On the other hand, wireless energy transfer allows systems to decouple the energy sources from the sensing locations, enabling deployments previously unfeasible. As a result of applying these technologies to WSNs, the assumption of a finite energy budget is replaced with that of potentially infinite, yet intermittent, energy supply, profoundly impacting the design, implementation, and operation of WSNs. This article discusses these aspects by surveying paradigmatic examples of existing solutions in both fields and by reporting on real-world experiences found in the literature. The discussion is instrumental in providing a foundation for selecting the most appropriate energy harvesting or wireless transfer technology based on the application at hand. We conclude by outlining research directions originating from the fundamental change of perspective that energy harvesting and wireless transfer bring about.
116 citations
01 Nov 2016
TL;DR: The working principle of different type of wireless communication techniques such as ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, EnOcean and GSM are studied and their features are compared with each other so the users can choose their own choice of technology to build home automation system.
Abstract: Home automation system achieved great popularity in the last decades and it increases the comfort and quality of life. In this paper an overview of current and emerging home automation systems is discussed. Nowadays most home automation systems consist of a smartphone and microcontroller. A smart phone application is used to control and monitor the home appliances using different type of communication techniques. In this paper the working principle of different type of wireless communication techniques such as ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, EnOcean and GSM are studied and their features are compared with each other so the users can choose their own choice of technology to build home automation system. Moreover in this research work the survey of different home automation systems is discussed and their advantages and drawbacks are also highlighted.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of the magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian Carreau fluid over a convectively heated surface is presented, where the appropriate transformations are employed to bring the governing equations into dimensionless form.
92 citations
TL;DR: A three-way decision making approach based on decisions of acceptance, rejection or deferment that aims to mitigate the false decisions at the model level by determining a tradeoff between different properties of decision making such as accuracy, generality and uncertainty.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between workplace spirituality dimensions and work satisfaction by taking trust as a mediator using convenience sampling, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire is used to get data from teachers working in the education sector.
Abstract: Workplace spirituality is a renowned topic now-a-days and is gaining gratitude and value among academicians and industrial people. Workplace spirituality (WPS) aims at meaningful work, sense of community, and value of organization. The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between workplace spirituality dimensions and work satisfaction by taking trust as a mediator. Using convenience sampling, a five-point Likert scale questionnaire is used to get data from teachers working in the education sector. Two hundred questionnaires were rotated in universities and 174 responses were generated. Multiple regression is used to test the hypotheses of the study using Barron and Kenny’s method. The results showed that WPS has a significantly positive relationship with trust and trust significantly mediates the impact of workplace spirituality on job satisfaction. In future, new dimensions should be added to workplace spirituality. New moderators should be checked along with the mediator. ...
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a couple-stress nanofluid over a convective moving wall and analyzed the flow dynamics in the boundary layer region.
50 citations
TL;DR: A novel empirical model is proposed that adaptively adjusts the window size for a narrow band-signal using spectrum sensing technique and results obtained not only improve the spectrogram visualization but also reduce the computation cost.
Abstract: Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is an important technique for the time-frequency analysis of a time varying signal. The basic approach behind it involves the application of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to a signal multiplied with an appropriate window function with fixed resolution. The selection of an appropriate window size is difficult when no background information about the input signal is known. In this paper, a novel empirical model is proposed that adaptively adjusts the window size for a narrow band-signal using spectrum sensing technique. For wide-band signals, where a fixed time-frequency resolution is undesirable, the approach adapts the constant Q transform (CQT). Unlike the STFT, the CQT provides a varying time-frequency resolution. This results in a high spectral resolution at low frequencies and high temporal resolution at high frequencies. In this paper, a simple but effective switching framework is provided between both STFT and CQT. The proposed method also allows for the dynamic construction of a filter bank according to user-defined parameters. This helps in reducing redundant entries in the filter bank. Results obtained from the proposed method not only improve the spectrogram visualization but also reduce the computation cost and achieves 87.71% of the appropriate window length selection.
46 citations
TL;DR: This work has utilized the proposed S-box and used chaotic iterative relation to select a completely random CAPTCHA for the security of web portal and other user interface multimedia where human interaction with the machine is verified.
Abstract: A Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is a program that can generate and grade tests that humans can pass but current computer programs cannot. The humans can read distorted text as the one shown below, but current computer programs cannot. We have proposed a novel chaos-based CAPTCHA. We have utilized our proposed S-box and used chaotic iterative relation to select a completely random CAPTCHA for the security of web portal and other user interface multimedia where human interaction with the machine is verified.
TL;DR: A data mining framework which will help in selection of suitable site for wind turbine installation and the prediction of the model developed for the wind energy site has been found to be significantly accurate when compared with expert opinion and previous studies.
Abstract: The paper aims at proposing a data mining framework which will help in selection of suitable site for wind turbine׳s installation. After thorough the literature review, a list of indicators is prepared which is used for analysis of a particular site consisting of wind speed, different built-ups, and distance of existing energy installations from the prospect site, cost dependent factors, and ecological impacts. These dimensions caused increase in the attributes of dataset which are then reduced by using principal component analysis. The resulting components are regressed by using multiple regression technique. These techniques are applied on an integrated database which is prepared by storing the data of 39 sites in Pakistan. The prediction of the model developed for the wind energy site has been found to be significantly accurate when compared with expert opinion and previous studies.
TL;DR: This is the first in-depth survey paper that has chronicled the evolution of the transport layer of the Internet from the traditional single-path TCP to the recent development of the modern multipath TCP (MPTCP) protocol.
TL;DR: It is proved that if m is a square-free rational integer, m ≡ 1(mod 4) and m≢ ± 1( mod 9), then the pure sextic field L = Q(m6) is not monogenic.
Abstract: An algebraic number ring is monogenic, or one-generated, if it has the form Z[α] for a single algebraic integer α. It is a problem of Hasse to characterize, whether an algebraic number ring is monogenic or not. In this note, we prove that if m is a square-free rational integer, m ≡ 1(mod 4) and m≢ ± 1(mod 9), then the pure sextic field L = Q(m6) is not monogenic. Our results are illustrated by examples.
TL;DR: An unsteady squeezing flow of Casson fluid having magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect and passing through porous medium channel is modeled and investigated in this paper, where similar transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations (PDEs) of non-Newtonian fluid to a highly nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE).
Abstract: An unsteady squeezing flow of Casson fluid having magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect and passing through porous medium channel is modeled and investigated. Similarity transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations (PDEs) of non-Newtonian fluid to a highly nonlinear fourth-order ordinary differential equation (ODE). The obtained boundary value problem is solved analytically by Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and numerically by explicit Runge-Kutta method of order 4. For validity purpose, we compare the analytical and numerical results which show excellent agreement. Furthermore, comprehensive graphical analysis has been made to investigate the effects of various fluid parameters on the velocity profile. Analysis shows that positive and negative squeeze number have opposite effect on the velocity profile. It is also observed that Casson parameter shows opposite effect on the velocity profile in case of positive and negative squeeze number . MHD parameter and permeability constant have similar effects on the velocity profile in case of positive and negative squeeze numbers. It is also seen that, in case of positive squeeze number, similar velocity profiles have been obtained for , and . Besides this, analysis of skin friction coefficient has also been presented. It is observed that squeeze number, MHD parameter, and permeability parameter have direct relationship while Casson parameter has inverse relationship with skin friction coefficient.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of the oscillatory stagnation point flow of nanofluids is presented, where both the phase flow model and the Boungiorno model are compared.
Abstract: In this study we have presented the comparative analysis of the oscillatory stagnation point flow of nanofluids. Both the phase flow model and Buongiorno model are discussed for oscillatory stagnation point flows and a comparison between experimental model and theoretical model is presented. The resulting partial differential equations for oscillatory two-dimensional flows are simplified in a fixed frame and a moving frame of reference subject to the assumed form of solutions. The homotopy analysis method is used to solve the reduced system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The consequences are examined through graphs and tables. It is also found that comparatively both the Boungiorno nanofluid model and phase flow model are of compatible order for a special set of parameters but generally such results do not hold.
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: Experimental evaluation of the prototype V2V communication system shows that the system can detect hard brakes from a distance of 20m and can provide early warning to drivers following at the speeds upto 80 km/h, reducing the chances of road accidents.
Abstract: This paper introduces visible light communication (VLC) for inexpensive vehicle-to-vehicle messaging (V2V) using off the shelf LEDs and photo diodes. VLC is a cost effective method to integrate with intelligent transport systems (ITS) for road safety applications. Light from the brake lamps of a vehicle can be used to transmit messages for emergency hard brake, so that the following vehicle can take precautionary measures to avoid accidents. A prototype V2V communication system is designed that has low complexity and high reliability. Experimental evaluation of the prototype shows that the system can detect hard brakes from a distance of 20m and can provide early warning to drivers following at the speeds upto 80 km/h, reducing the chances of road accidents.
25 Apr 2016
TL;DR: This paper implemented a counter-based DDoS detection algorithm for four major flooding attacks (TCP-SYN, HTTP GET, UDP and ICMP) in MapReduce, and showed that HADEC is capable of processing and detecting DDoS attacks in affordable time.
Abstract: Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) flooding attacks are one of the biggest challenges to the availability of online services today. These DDoS attacks overwhelm the victim with huge volume of traffic and render it incapable of performing normal communication or crashes it completely. If there are delays in detecting the flooding attacks, nothing much can be done except to manually disconnect the victim and fix the problem. In this paper, we propose HADEC, a Hadoop based Live DDoS Detection framework to tackle efficient analysis of flooding attacks by harnessing MapReduce and HDFS. We implemented a counter-based DDoS detection algorithm for four major flooding attacks (TCP-SYN, HTTP GET, UDP and ICMP) in MapReduce. Subsequently we deployed a testbed to evaluate the performance of HADEC framework for live DDoS detection. Based on the experiment we showed that HADEC is capable of processing and detecting DDoS attacks in affordable time.
TL;DR: Using Twitter, the most popular micro blogging platform, this paper aims to give a method to ease and smooth the task of opinion mining with the help of linguistic analysis and opinion classifiers, which will together determine positive, negative and neutral sentiments for the political parties of Pakistan.
Abstract: This paper aims to identify the relationships between people’s attitudes on service quality attributes of private car and public transport, and intentions to use public transport under situational constraints, mobility restrictions on car use, public transport incentives and moral obligation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore and 354 usable samples obtained. Results revealed that people’s intentions to use public transport vary under different situations and mobility restrictions. The fiscal restrictions and policy of car entry restriction have significant influence on changing people’s intentions. Modeling results revealed that social/aesthetic, personal and instrumental attitudinal aspects of private car and public transport are underlying factors in determining the people’s intentions towards public transport under stated conditions. It is argued that social/aesthetic and personal dimensions of public transport should have equal importance in making improvements along with instrumental dimensions. This study implicates that improvement in service quality of public transport need to integrate with mobility restrictions on car use for effective change of travel behavior. The findings of this study would be helpful for concerned authorities in considering the appropriate attributes of public transport for improvement, and other related policy measures to make significant promotion from car to public transport.
TL;DR: This paper presents Industrial Robotics Simulation Design Planning and Optimization platform named IRoSim, which is based on SolidWorks Application Programming Interface (API) to offer an intuitive and convertible environment for designing and simulating robotized tasks.
Abstract: This paper presents Industrial Robotics Simulation Design Planning and Optimization platform named IRoSim, which is based on SolidWorks Application Programming Interface (API) to offer an intuitive and convertible environment for designing and simulating robotized tasks. The core idea is to integrate features of mechanical CAD and robotics CAD into the same platform to facilitate the development process through the designed Graphical User Interface (GUI) which permits user friendly interaction. The platform includes various 3D models that are essential for developing any robotized task and offers possibility to integrate new models in simulation. Robotic manipulator library is one such example which contains several types of serial arms with different combinations of revolute and prismatic joints. The platform provides most important steps such as defining the task, CAD learning of the end-effector's trajectory, checking the manipulator's reachability to perform a task, simulating the motion and finally validating the manipulator's trajectory to avoid possible collisions. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, two frequent and important tasks (spot welding and painting) using a 6-Degree Of Freedom (DOF) industrial robotic manipulator have been considered. The output of the proposed strategy provides collision-free trajectory of the manipulator's motion which can be directly mapped to a real site. Moreover, the approach permits addressing the problems related with the real implementation of robotized tasks.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the anisotropic universe in the Bianchi type of spacetime and derived the exact solutions of modified field equations with power law and exponential type solutions.
Abstract: The main objective of this manuscript is to study the anisotropic universe in $f(G)$
Gravity. For this purpose, locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type $I$
spacetime is considered. A viable $f(G)$
model is used to explore the exact solutions of modified field equations. In particular, two families involving power law and exponential type solutions have been discussed. Some important cosmological parameters are calculated for the obtained solutions. Moreover, energy density and pressure of the universe is analyzed for the model under consideration.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented design details of an autonomous robot developed keeping in view the constraints imposed by an agricultural field. And the novelty of the proposed low-cost indigenously developed modular vehicle lies in design of its seed selector, the simple but efficient mechanism of the single seed selector with extremely low miss rate distinguishes the vehicle from other designs.
Abstract: Traditional method of seeding by farmers demands laborious work and is now becoming story of the past. Technological revolution in mechatronics and allied areas is reshaping the agricultural processes, making the robots an integral part of this automation. This paper presents design details of an autonomous robot developed keeping in view the constraints imposed by an agricultural field. The novelty of the proposed low-cost indigenously developed modular vehicle lies in design of its seed selector. The simple but efficient mechanism of the single seed selector with extremely low miss rate distinguishes the vehicle from other designs. Hardware details including sensing, actuation, processing and communication modules and software architecture are detailed in the paper. Results of trajectory tracking obtained by implementing the proposed scheme on a mini-robot and functionality of seed selector demonstrate potential of the presented robotic vehicle.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of nanofluids is carried out that reveals the effect of rotational inertia and other physical parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow, and it is observed that with the fixed values of micropolar parameter and viscosity parameter, the velocity gradient near the wall increases with increasing values of solid particle volume fraction parameter.
Abstract: Abstract A study of nanofluids is carried out that reveals the effect of rotational inertia and other physical parameters on the heat transfer and fluid flow. Temperature-dependent dynamic viscosity makes the microrotation viscosity parameter and the micro inertia density variant as well. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by introducing suitable similarity transformations. These reduced nonlinear differential equations are then solved numerically by Keller-box method. The obtained numerical and graphical result discloses many interesting behaviour of nanofluids. It is seen that the temperature gradient decreases with the increase in viscosity parameter. Also, it is observed that with the fixed values of micropolar parameter and viscosity parameter, the velocity gradient near the wall increases with increasing values of solid particle volume fraction parameter. A suitable comparison of results is also presented in this study.
TL;DR: This work is devoted to establish a general expression for calculating the bond incident degree (BID) indices of polyomino chains and to characterize the extremal polyominos chains with respect to several well known BID indices.
TL;DR: Numerical and visual results show that the proposed fuzzy logic-based hybrid Rician noise filter gives much better restored images than the existing methodologies.
Abstract: Magnetic resonance images tend to be contaminated with random unwanted signals called noise, due to various reasons. Noise treatment of magnetic resonance brain images is considered as an important and challenging task for proper clinical and research investigations. In this manuscript, fuzzy logic-based hybrid Rician noise filter has been proposed. Proposed filtering technique uses estimated noise variance along with local and global statistics for the construction of a robust fuzzy membership function. Constructed fuzzy membership function assigns appropriate weights to the statistical estimates, based on their noise removal and detail preservation capability. Fuzzy weighted local and non-local estimators are then used for the restoration of a noisy pixel. Detailed simulations are performed, and restoration results are computed based on well-known performance measures. Numerical and visual results show that the proposed technique gives much better restored images than the existing methodologies.
TL;DR: In this article, a general expression for the BID indices is defined, based on the bond incident degree (BID) indices, which are used in theoretical chemistry to describe molecular structure descriptors.
Abstract: Numerous molecular structure descriptors, which may be used in theoretical chemistry, are the bond incident degree (BID) indices. This study is devoted to establish a general expression for calcula...
TL;DR: Predictive analytics (a state of the art AI technique) can separately model inconsistent and consistent patterns, and then predict inconsistencies in advance to help SPL designers during the configuration of a product.
TL;DR: The results of the empirical evaluation showed that (1 + 1) EA and AVM with the improved heuristics significantly outperform the rest of the algorithms.
Abstract: A common practice to specify constraints on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) models is using the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Such constraints serve various purposes, ranging from simply providing precise meaning to the models to supporting complex verification and validation activities. In many applications, these constraints have to be solved to obtain values satisfying the constraints, for example, in the case of model-based testing (MBT) to generate test data for the purpose of generating executable test cases. In our previous work, we proposed novel heuristics for various OCL constructs to efficiently solve them using search algorithms. These heuristics are enhanced in this paper to further improve the performance of OCL constraint solving. We performed an empirical evaluation comprising of three case studies using three search algorithms: Alternating Variable Method (AVM), (1ź+ź1) Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and in addition Random Search (RS) was used as a comparison baseline. In the first case study, we evaluated each heuristics using carefully designed artificial problems. In the second case study, we evaluated the heuristics on various constraints of Cisco's Video Conferencing Systems defined to support MBT. Finally, the third case study is about EU-Rent Car Rental specification and is obtained from the literature. The results of the empirical evaluation showed that (1ź+ź1) EA and AVM with the improved heuristics significantly outperform the rest of the algorithms.
TL;DR: In this article, a locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I cosmological model is considered and exact solutions with a well-known form of the f(G) model are explored.
Abstract: We discuss dark-energy cosmological models in f(G) gravity. For this purpose, a locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I cosmological model is considered. First, exact solutions with a well-known form of the f(G) model are explored. One general solution is discussed using a power-law f(G) gravity model and physical quantities are calculated. In particular, Kasner’s universe is recovered and the corresponding f(G) gravity models are reported. Second, the energy conditions for the model under consideration are discussed using graphical analysis. It is concluded that solutions with f(G) = G
5/6 support expansion of universe while those with f(G) = G
1/2 do not favor the current expansion.