Showing papers by "Naval Postgraduate School published in 1973"
01 Oct 1973
TL;DR: A technique is presented for global analysis of program structure in order to perform compile time optimization of object code generated for expressions that includes constant propagation, common subexpression elimination, elimination of redundant register load operations, and live expression analysis.
Abstract: A technique is presented for global analysis of program structure in order to perform compile time optimization of object code generated for expressions. The global expression optimization presented includes constant propagation, common subexpression elimination, elimination of redundant register load operations, and live expression analysis. A general purpose program flow analysis algorithm is developed which depends upon the existence of an "optimizing function." The algorithm is defined formally using a directed graph model of program flow structure, and is shown to be correct. Several optimizing functions are defined which, when used in conjunction with the flow analysis algorithm, provide the various forms of code optimization. The flow analysis algorithm is sufficiently general that additional functions can easily be defined for other forms of global code optimization.
960 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, modifications of the two-sided one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov "goodness-of-fit" test, for use with censored and truncated samples, are suggested.
Abstract: Modifications of the two-sided one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov “goodness-of-fit” test, for use with censored and truncated samples, are suggested. Tables of the distributions of the modified statistics are given. Applications to life testing and reliability estimation problems are discussed.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ratio of the deuteron to proton electric form factors was measured for low q, and the rms radius of the structure factor was found to be 1.9635 ± 0.0045 fm, yielding an rms charge radius of 2.095 − 0.006 fm.
88 citations
01 Dec 1973
TL;DR: Athermal and stress-induced martensitic transformations are examined in various alloys of the large family which exhibit the unique "memory" and/or "superelastic" shape memory effects (SME).
Abstract: Athermal and stress-induced martensitic transformations are examined in various alloys of the large family which exhibit the unique “memory” and/or “superelastic” shape memory effects (SME). Such mechanical effects are found to be intimately related to details of the martensitic and premartensitic reaction paths in each system. A common feature of various “uncommon” systems is that the usual phenomenological crystallographic analysis cannot completely describe the martensitic transformation in these systems. Addiional features represented by lattice “shuffles” or low-wavelength lattice waves, and the mechanistic role of transformation dislocations are examined. A common thread in various systems such as TiNi, CuZn, AuCd, In-Tl, and so forth, is viewed in terms of evidence related to alloying (electronic entropy) effects on lattice instability of the parent phase. Instability reflected by premonitory phenomena can be given considerable generality when related to observations in systems which exhibit similar dynamic lattice transitions, such as the second-order “athermal omega” lattice transition in Group IV-base systems. The importance of reversibility in martensitic transformation of SME alloys is emphasized. Comparisons with more common non-SME martensitic alloys are made.
83 citations
TL;DR: The results of the first paper in this series have been confirmed by simulations in which the copper target is represented by a composite potential function consisting of a Born-Mayer repulsive potential segment, a cubic potential matching segment, and a Morse potential attractive segment as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The conclusions of the first paper in this series have been confirmed by simulations in which the copper target is represented by a composite potential function consisting of a Born-Mayer repulsive potential segment, a cubic potential matching segment, and a Morse potential attractive segment. Surface layer relaxation has been included, and surface layer atom binding energies for the most primitive planes of copper have been determined to be:E b(100)=2.4 ± 0.1 ev, E b(100)=2.1 ± 0.1 eV and E b(111)=2.4 ± 0.1 ev. For argon sputtering copper there is no detectable change in the spot patterns between the two models, and the sputtering yields agree within the uncertainty of the simulation. Sputtering yield vs. energy curves now agree quite closely with the experimental data. For sputtering at 5 keV the energy distribution of the sputtered atoms appears to have the form dN/dE ∼ E−1.4. The argon copper sputtering efficiency matches smoothly into the polycrystalline experimental data reported by H. H. A...
69 citations
TL;DR: The effects of information processing on pupil diameter were investigated and showed that pupil diameter was significantly greater than a baseline diameter when Ss were required to process information.
Abstract: The effects of information processing on pupil diameter were investigated. Results showed that pupil diameter was significantly greater than a baseline diameter when Ss were required to process inf...
60 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents some very simple approximations based on a continuous-state approximation-the simple diffusion with two reflecting barriers-to describe the CPU utilization.
Abstract: Cyclic queuing systems have been proposed by several authors in the study of the behavior of multiprogrammed computer systems. Programs in the system wait for service at the central processor unit CPU; then, after page fault or input-output request at a data transmission unit DTU, the process repeats until the program completes. Semi-Markov analysis of such systems, based on the apparently plausible assumption of independently but exponentially distributed CPU burst time, and independent, but nearly constant DTU tune may be conducted. This paper presents some very simple approximations based on a continuous-state approximation-the simple diffusion with two reflecting barriers-to describe the CPU utilization. Computational experience from which the quality of the approximations can be assessed is reported.
53 citations
49 citations
TL;DR: Based on a statistical analysis of actual computer program address traces, some results are presented of a study aimed at deriving empirically valid stochastic models for program reference patterns in a computer system operating under demand paging.
Abstract: Based on a statistical analysis of actual computer program address traces, some results are presented of a study aimed at deriving empirically valid stochastic models for program reference patterns in a computer system operating under demand paging. For the address traces examined, a semi-Markov model for the (univariate) point process of page exceptions is formulated and found to be an adequate characterization of the data.
47 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of the Philippines on the intensity, speed of movement, and size characteristics of tropical cyclones crossing the Philippines and found an average intensity decrease of 33%, a northward perturbation as the storms pass through the Islands, and a decrease of circulation size for weak typhoons.
Abstract: Thirty typhoons (1960–70) are examined to determine the effect of the Philippines an the intensity, speed of movement, and size characteristics of tropical cyclones crossing the Philippines The results show an average intensity (maximum surface wind) decrease of 33%, a northward perturbation as the storms pass through the Islands, and a decrease of circulation size for weak typhoons The study also showed an increase in speed of movement as storms approach the Philippines
46 citations
TL;DR: The n job, one-machine scheduling problem is considered where set-up and processing times are random and the objective is to minimize the number of late jobs.
Abstract: The n job, one-machine scheduling problem is considered where set-up and processing times are random and the objective is to minimize the number of late jobs. In the deterministic case, Moore's algorithm is known to produce an optimal schedule. A chance-constrained formulation of the nondeterministic problem is derived in which a job is processed if the probability that it will be completed prior to its due date is greater than a specified level. A deterministic equivalent problem is achieved to which application of a modification of Moore's algorithm is proven to produce an optimal schedule.
TL;DR: In this article, a general procedure for determining bounds on the difference between the states and outputs of a finite precision fixed-point digital filter and its infinite precision ideal counterpart is presented.
Abstract: Spectral theory of operators is used to determine a general procedure for determining bounds on the difference between the states and outputs of a finite precision fixed-point digital filter and its infinite precision ideal counterpart. The results bound quantization errors for transients as well as limit cycles and apply when input signals are present. The procedure is extended to digital filters associated with difference equations, including the important special case of the basic second-order section.
TL;DR: In this article, a simple model is described in which Q∞ δz, where Q is the net heating rate in the cloud and Z is vertical displacement, and the constant of proportionality may be either positive or negative.
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous solution of polyox WSR-301 was investigated in the drag-transition region of Reynolds numbers, with cylinders with diameters from 1/4 to 1-1/2 inch.
Abstract: : Flow of aqueous solutions of Polyox WSR-301, with concentrations of 1.0 to 200 wppm, past circular cylinders was investigated in the drag-transition region of Reynolds numbers. Drag force, pressure distribution, and separation angle were measured on cylinders with diameters from 1/4 to 1-1/2 inch. Lift and drag forces acting on a NACA-0024 hydrofoil-model were also measured. The polymer additive was found to alter only those force coefficients which have a Reynolds-number transition region. Two distinct types of cylinder drag transition were observed: (1) At high concentrations, transition from sub-critical to a transcritical flow occurred at the same free-stream velocity independent of body diameter; and (2) at low concentrations and/or molecular weights, tripping from a sub-critical to a super-critical flow occurred at a well defined flow condition which was a function of free-stream velocity, body diameter, and turbulent pipe-flow friction reduction. In all cases, transition occurred earlier than that in the pure solvent. The polymer had a de-stabilizing effect on the boundary-layer flow. (Author)
TL;DR: In this paper, a Boltzmann-type transport equation is derived and then formally solved by the method of characteristics, which is adapted to a general description of bubble populations in a moving fluid, as a function of position, velocity, radius and time.
Abstract: The formalism of transport theory is adapted to a general description of bubble populations in a moving fluid. The bubble distribution, as a function of position, velocity, radius and time, satisfies a Boltzmann-type transport equation that is derived and then formally solved by the method of characteristics. In order to apply this new analytical tool to the specific problem of gas bubble transport in the upper ocean, an ocean model and a bubble dynamics model must be chosen. For the purpose of illustration, explicit solutions are written, for distributed sources in a stationary ocean with simple expressions for bubble gas diffusion and drag. Calculated results clarify the relations between observed bubble distributions at sea, proposed bubble source mechanisms and known models of single-bubble dynamics.
TL;DR: Twenty-two subjects participated in two tracking experiments for the purpose of determining the utility of a nonordinal, nonadjectival rating scale, devised in an effort to allow a human to quantify his subjective opinions of the characteristics of a system in situations where an adjectival scale would be inappropriate.
Abstract: Twenty-two subjects participated in two tracking experiments for the purpose of determining the utility of a nonordinal, nonadjectival rating scale. The scale was devised in an effort to allow a human to quantify his subjective opinions of the characteristics of a system in situations where an adjectival scale would be inappropriate. The tracking task in both experiments was a compensatory one in which the human operator attempted to minimize the difference between a random-appearing input signal and the output of an unstable, controlled element. The system dynamics and input signal were mechanized on an analog computer. The error signal was viewed by the operator on an oscilloscope screen. Control was effected by a small isometric manipulator. In the first experiment, ratings were generated by changing the degree of instability of the controlled element. In the second, the manipulator sensitivity was varied. The nonadjectival rating concept shows definite potential for use in a wide variety of situations...
TL;DR: The results of some numerical experiments designed to compare the performance of various strategies for finding the global solution of a nonlinear program are presented.
Abstract: When applied to a problem which has more than one local optimal solution, most nonlinear programming algorithms will terminate with the first local solution found. Several methods have been suggested for extending the search to find the global optimum of such a nonlinear program. In this report we present the results of some numerical experiments designed to compare the performance of various strategies for finding the global solution.
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that the operator for the eigencurrents on a symmetric conducting body is invariant under the group of symmetry operations of the structure, and that expansion of the current in terms of functions belonging to the irreducible representations of the symmetry group leads to block diagonalization of the matrix representation of the operator.
Abstract: When computing the characteristic modes of a symmetric conducting body, it is always advantageous and sometimes absolutely necessary to block diagonalize the matrix representation of the operator for the eigencurrents This procedure reduces computation time and memory requirements The formal theoretical approach to operator block diagonalization is developed using group theory It is shown that the operator for the eigencurrents on a conducting body is invariant under the group of symmetry operations of the structure The eigencurrents are shown to provide bases for the irreducible representations of the symmetry group It is further proven that expansion of the current in terms of functions belonging to the irreducible representations of the symmetry group of the structure leads to block diagonalization of the matrix representation of the operator Basis functions for bodies of revolution are discussed as an example
TL;DR: In this article, a barotropic numerical model of the Arctic Ocean is formulated to include irregular basin shape, variable bathymetry, lateral friction, bottom drag, and nonlinear advection terms.
Abstract: A barotropic numerical model of the Arctic Ocean is formulated to include irregular basin shape, variable bathymetry, lateral friction, bottom drag, and nonlinear advection terms. Source-sink distributions around the perimeter of the basin are used to represent exchange between the Arctic and other portions of the world ocean and the actual bathymetry is parameterized to simulate the effects of weak stratification. The model ocean is spun up using averaged annual wind stress distributions for the Arctic and numerically simulated under-ice stress distributions. A number of computer runs were made using what were thought to be appropriate parameter ranges for the Arctic. The controlling dynamics in the development of the circulation was discussed for a number of cases and some comparisons made between the model results and observed circulation patterns. The results of the investigation indicate that topographic Rossby waves play a dominate role in the development and maintenance of general circulat...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of pressure, sample temperature and acceleration environments on burning rate for ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion behavior were investigated for samples prepared in various manners.
Abstract: Differences in ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion behavior as evidenced by the effects of pressure, sample temperature and acceleration environments on burning rate are shown for samples prepared in various manners. The sample preparation parameters investigated include pellet compaction time and pressure, the particle sizes of the AP powder from which samples were pressed, and the type of AP (ultra-pure, propellant grade, and propellant grade with conditioners) from which the pellets were made.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the properties of wave-related fluctuations in the allow using spectral and joint probability density function, conditional mean function (JPDF-CMF) analyses.
Abstract: Simultaneous observations of wave heights and velocity fluctuations at two levels above the waves are analyzed to examine properties of the wave-related fluctuations in the allow. Results are obtained from spectral and joint probability density function, conditional mean function (JPDF-CMF) analyses. Results are examined with respect to predictions from potential flow theory and recent theoretical formulations for wind-wave coupling. Of interest are recent formulations which allow interaction between the wave-induced motion and turbulence in the airflow, the so-called “turbulence” models. Cospectral results exhibit features which are predicted by theoretical formulations with regard to height variations of the wave-related momentum transfer. These features include the oscillatory variations predicted by recent turbulence models and also enhanced transfer at both levels as predicted by the quasi-laminar model. JPDF-CMF analyses are used to obtain phase-amplitude information for those variables exa...
TL;DR: The emphasis in this paper is on a cohort model based on people's lifetime behavior in the system, which is a Markov chain and compared with numbers from real situations.
Abstract: This paper describes, compares, and contrasts two mathematical models of personnel movement through a hierarchical organization. The first model is a Markov chain, which is described in detail in other literature. The emphasis in this paper is on a cohort model based on people's lifetime behavior in the system. Data from student enrollments is used in comparing the models, and predictions are made and compared with numbers from real situations.
TL;DR: A descriptive, generative model of the pen direction sequences measured during the hand drawing of characters is shown to be useful in recognition.
TL;DR: A first-order phase-locked loop with detuning is considered in the presence of white Gaussian noise and random amplitude impulsive noise with Poisson times, and the phase error density is generated from the Fourier series.
Abstract: A first-order phase-locked loop with detuning is considered in the presence of white Gaussian noise and random amplitude impulsive noise with Poisson times. The stochastic equation for the phase error density is of infinite order, but when the stationary mod-2π phase density is represented by a Fourier series, a linear second-order difference equation is the Fourier coefficients results. The difference equation is solved numerically, and the phase error density is generated from the Fourier series. This method uses no approximations and is valid for any impulsive amplitude probability density.
TL;DR: This work shows how to synthesize the optimal target selection policies from the basic optimality conditions and shows that whether or not changes can occur in target priorities depends solely on how survivors are valued and is independent of the type of attrition process.
Abstract: We develop the solution to a simple problem of target selection in Lanchester combat against two enemy force types each of which undergoes a “linear-law” attrition process. In addition to the Pontryagin maximum principle, the theory of singular extremals is required to solve this problem. Our major contribution is to show how to synthesize the optimal target selection policies from the basic optimality conditions. This solution synthesis methodology is applicable to more general dynamic (tactical) allocation problems. For constant attrition-rate coefficients we show that whether or not changes can occur in target priorities depends solely on how survivors are valued and is independent of the type of attrition process.
TL;DR: In this article, two parallel sets of CNDO/2 calculations have been carried out for 1H-5-aminotetrazole (1), 2-methyl-5-, 1,3-dimethyl-5]-aminotonetrazolium cation (3 ) and the tetrazolate anion (4 ).
TL;DR: In this article, the availability function for an alternating renewal process with exponential failure and general repair times is given, and a bound on the error is also given, with the most practical consequence being the lower bound on availability.
Abstract: This paper gives bounds on the availability function for an alternating renewal process with exponential failure and general repair times. A bound on the error is also given. Several of the bounds with greatest practical consequence are worked out and illustrated. Repair distributions for which a lower bound on availability is easily computed are gamma (integer shape parameter), log normal, and Weibull. Finally, some simulation results for log normal repair versus gamma repair are given.