New Generation University College

About: New Generation University College is a education organization based out in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 17440 authors who have published 28460 publications receiving 667288 citations. The organization is also known as: National University College.

Anatomical references to assess the posterior tibial slope in total knee arthroplasty: a comparison of 5 anatomical axes.

Abstract: There has been no consensus on an ideal anatomical reference to determine the posterior slope of tibia plateau. Posterior slope of the medial tibia plateau was measured with reference to a proposed mechanical axis (MA) and 5 clinically relevant anatomical references in 90 osteoarthritic knees of 66 female patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The MA was defined as the line connecting the midpoints of the medial tibia plateau and the tibial plafond, and 5 anatomical references included the anterior cortical line of tibia, anatomical axis of proximal and central tibia, posterior cortical line of proximal tibia, and fibular shaft axis. The average posterior slope was 10.6 degrees with reference to the MA, and the amount of posterior slope varied widely among the patients and depending on the anatomical reference used to measure. This study indicates that the anatomical reference used to measure the posterior slope should be identified in studies where posterior slope is used to evaluate the sagittal alignment of total knee arthroplasty.

Patient-reported outcomes with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave150): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Abstract: Summary Background Understanding patients' experience of cancer treatment is important. We aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the IMbrave150 trial, which has already shown significant overall survival and progression-free survival benefits with this combination therapy. Methods We did an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial in 111 hospitals and cancer centres across 17 countries or regions. We included patients aged 18 years or older with systemic, treatment-naive, histologically, cytologically, or clinically confirmed unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, with disease that was not amenable to curative surgical or locoregional therapies, or progressive disease after surgical or locoregional therapies. Participants were randomly assigned (2:1; using permuted block randomisation [blocks of six], stratified by geographical region; macrovascular invasion, extrahepatic spread, or both; baseline alpha-fetoprotein concentration; and ECOG performance status) to receive 1200 mg atezolizumab plus 15 mg/kg bevacizumab intravenously once every 3 weeks or 400 mg sorafenib orally twice a day, until loss of clinical benefit or unacceptable toxicity. The independent review facility for tumour assessment was masked to the treatment allocation. Previously reported coprimary endpoints were overall survival and independently assessed progression-free survival per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Prespecified secondary and exploratory analyses descriptively evaluated treatment effects on patient-reported quality of life, functioning, and disease symptoms per the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality-of-life questionnaire for cancer (QLQ-C30) and quality-of-life questionnaire for hepatocellular carcinoma (QLQ-HCC18). Time to confirmed deterioration of PROs was analysed in the intention-to-treat population; all other analyses were done in the PRO-evaluable population (patients who had a baseline PRO assessment and at least one assessment after baseline). The trial is ongoing; enrolment is closed. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03434379 . Findings Between March 15, 2018, and Jan 30, 2019, 725 patients were screened and 501 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (n=336) or sorafenib (n=165). 309 patients in the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab group and 145 patients in the sorafenib group were included in the PRO-evaluable population. At data cutoff (Aug 29, 2019) the median follow-up was 8·6 months (IQR 6·2–10·8). EORTC QLQ-C30 completion rates were 90% or greater for 23 of 24 treatment cycles in both groups (range 88–100% in the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab group and 80–100% in the sorafenib group). EORTC QLQ-HCC18 completion rates were 90% or greater for 20 of 24 cycles in the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab group (range 88–100%) and 21 of 24 cycles in the sorafenib group (range 89–100%). Compared with sorafenib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab reduced the risk of deterioration on all EORTC QLQ-C30 generic cancer symptom scales that were prespecified for analysis (appetite loss [hazard ratio (HR) 0·57, 95% CI 0·40–0·81], diarrhoea [0·23, 0·16–0·34], fatigue [0·61, 0·46–0·81], pain [0·46, 0·34–0·62]), and two of three EORTC QLQ-HCC18 disease-specific symptom scales that were prespecified for analysis (fatigue [0·60, 0·45–0·80] and pain [0·65, 0·46–0·92], but not jaundice [0·76, 0·55–1·07]). At day 1 of treatment cycle five (after which attrition in the sorafenib group was more than 50%), the mean EORTC QLQ-C30 score changes from baseline in the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib groups were: –3·29 (SD 17·56) versus –5·83 (20·63) for quality of life, –4·02 (19·42) versus –9·76 (21·33) for role functioning, and –3·77 (12·82) versus –7·60 (15·54) for physical functioning. Interpretation Prespecified analyses of PRO data showed clinically meaningful benefits in terms of patient-reported quality of life, functioning, and disease symptoms with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab compared with sorafenib, strengthening the combination therapy's positive benefit–risk profile versus that of sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Funding F Hoffmann–La Roche and Genentech.

Histological and immunological features of non-eosinophilic nasal polyps.

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the histoimmunological features of non-eosinophilic nasal polyps (NPs). Methods Thirty patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and NPs were included in this study. NPs were grouped into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic types according to the amount of eosinophils in the NPs. The amount of serum total IgE and peripheral blood eosinophils were measured. Basement membrane (BM) thickness was measured, along with the expression of chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) in NP lymphocytes. Results Non-eosinophilic NPs comprised 66.7% of the total NPs included in this study. The amount of eosinophils in NPs was related to eosinophilia of the peripheral blood, but not to elevated serum IgE. BM was significantly thinner in non-eosinophilic than in eosinophilic NPs. Lymphocytes expressing CCR5 or CCR3 were less frequently found in non-eosinophilic than in eosinophilic NPs. Conclusion Histoimmunological characteristics of non-eosinophilic NPs differ from those of eosinophilic NPs; non-eosinophilic NPs may be featured by thinner BM and fewer CCR5- and CCR3-positive lymphocytes.

Resolvin D1 attenuates activation of sensory transient receptor potential channels leading to multiple anti-nociception

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs) expressed in primary sensory neurons and skin keratinocytes play a crucial role as peripheral pain detectors Many natural and synthetic ligands have been found to act on thermoTRPs, but little is known about endogenous compounds that inhibit these TRPs Here, we asked whether resolvin D1 (RvD1), a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid molecule is able to affect the TRP channel activation EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of RvD1 on the six thermoTRPs using Ca2+ imaging and whole cell electrophysiology experiments using the HEK cell heterologous expression system, cultured sensory neurons and HaCaT keratinocytes We also checked changes in agonist-specific acute licking/flicking or flinching behaviours and TRP-related mechanical and thermal pain behaviours using Hargreaves, Randall-Selitto and von Frey assay systems with or without inflammation KEY RESULTS RvD1 inhibited the activities of TRPA1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 at nanomolar and micromolar levels Consistent attenuations in agonist-specific acute pain behaviours by immediate peripheral administration with RvD1 were also observed Furthermore, local pretreatment with RvD1 significantly reversed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in inflamed tissues CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS RvD1 was a novel endogenous inhibitor for several sensory TRPs The results of our behavioural studies suggest that RvD1 has an analgesic potential via these TRP-related mechanisms