Showing papers by "Prabhat Kumar College published in 2021"

Solvent-Regulated Fluorimetric Differentiation of Al3+ and Zn2+ Using an AIE-Active Single Sensor

Abstract: The absence of d-orbital electrons or presence of full-filled d-orbital electrons in metal ions is a well-known Achilles' heel problem for the detection of these metal ions by a simple UV-visible study For this reason, detection of metal ions such as Al3+ with no d-orbital electrons or Zn2+ with filled d-orbital electrons is a challenging task Herein, we report a 2-naphthol-based fluorescent probe [1-((E)-((E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol] (H2L) that has been used to sense and discriminate Al3+ and Zn2+ via solvent regulation The probe exhibits excellent selectivity and swift sensitivity toward Al3+ in MeOH-water (9:1, v/v) and toward Zn2+ in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-water (9:1, v/v) among various metal ions The respective detection limit is found to be 978 and 365 μM The sensing mechanism is attributed to multiple processes, viz, the inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) along with the introduction of chelation-enhanced emission (CHEF) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) inhibition, which are experimentally well verified by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy The probe shows aggregation-induced emissive (AIE) response in ≥70% aqueous media as well as in the solid state The experimental results are well corroborated by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations An advanced-level OR-AND-NOT logic gate has been constructed from a different chemical combinational input and emission output The reversible recognition of both Al3+ in MeOH-water (9:1, v/v) and Zn2+ in DMSO-water (9:1, v/v) is also ascertained in the presence of Na2EDTA, enabling the construction of a molecular memory device The probe H2L also detects intracellular Al3+/Zn2+ ions in Hela cells Altogether, our fundamental findings will pave the way for designing and synthesis of unique chemosensors that could be used for cell imaging studies as well as constructing molecular logic gates

A bio-compatible pyridine-pyrazole hydrazide based compartmental receptor for Al3+ sensing and its application in cell imaging.

Abstract: For practical applications, the development of bio-compatible organic molecules as p-block ion chemosensors is critical. Herein, we report the single crystal (SC) of new pyridine–pyrazole derived Al3+ sensor H2PPC [(Z)-N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5-methyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide] as well as its Cu-complex SC. The probe exhibits an “off–on” fluorescence response towards Al3+ ions, and this has been modulated with different solvents. For selective detection of Al3+ ions, a special coordination pocket in the structural backbone is advantageous. The chemosensor exhibits a submicromolar detection level (LOD = 4.78 μM) for Al3+. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations of H2PPC and [Al(HPP)2]+ (1) reveal that a change of the structural conformation of probe H2PPC upon complexation causes the pyrazole and pyridine units to create a specific cavity to tether Al3+, and consequently H2PPC proves to be a promising molecule for Al3+ detection. Furthermore, the probe has been successfully used to evaluate Al3+ as a low-cost kit using filter paper strips, and the in situ Al3+ ion imaging in Vero cells as well as A549 cell lines shows the sensor's nuclear envelope penetrability, indicating that it has great potential for biological and environmental applications.

Exploring the Noncovalent Interactions of the Dinuclear Cu(II) Schiff Base Complex with Bovine Serum Albumin and Cell Viability against the SiHa Cancer Cell Line.

Abstract: In the present study, a dinuclear bis(μ-acetate) dicopper(II) complex [Cu2L2(μ1.1-CH3COO-)2] has been synthesized from a tridentate NNO Schiff Base ligand L (L = 2,4-dibromo-6-((3-(methylamino)propylimino)methyl)phenol) and characterized by elemental, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectroscopic studies. The single-crystal X-ray structure, different noncovalent interactions, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) studies of the dinuclear complex were determined by crystallographic computational studies. The structural study exposed that the complex consists of the penta-coordinated double μ1.1-acetato-bridged dinuclear units of Cu(II), and it is a centrosymmetric dimer in which the center of inversion lies at the midpoint of two Cu(II) ions. Hirshfeld surface and DFT studies pointed out the probable potentiality of the crystal in prospective binding with the protein. This was experimentally verified by carrying out the binding interaction studies against bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein using various spectroscopic methods. It was observed that the copper(II) complex could strongly bind to BSA and could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. Further, the studied complex was appraised for cell viability studies against SiHa cancer cells. It is observed that cell viability increases with time, demonstrating the biocompatible nature of the complex.

Acetate ion augmented fluorescence sensing of Zn2+ by Salen-based probe, AIE character, and application for picric acid detection

Abstract: 1 Department of Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore,West Bengal 721102, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, PurbaMedinipur,West Bengal 721636, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Prabhat Kumar College, Contai 721404, India 4 Department of Chemistry, Hiralal Mazumdar Memorial College ForWomen, Dakshineswar, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata 700035, India 5 Department of Chemistry, Mahishadal Raj College, Mahishadal 721628, India 6 Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, South Korea

A Supervised Trajectory Anomaly Detection Using Velocity and Path Deviation

Abstract: Nowadays, CCTV Surveillance applications have been significantly grown all over the world. Many methods have been implemented for detecting anomalies of moving objects in video. Implementation of fuzziness on features is one of the most robust detection techniques. The proposed model illustrates a novel detection technique with fuzziness on velocity and path deviation. This paper also covers a small survey on different techniques of detection of abnormalities and also shows the result on Queen Mary University of London junction dataset (QMUL).

Exchange-Bias Quantum Tunneling of the Magnetization in a Dysprosium Dimer.

Abstract: Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been shown to possess bewildering phenomena leading to their proposal in several futuristic applications ranging from data storage devices to the basic unit of quantum computers. The main characteristic for the proposal of SMMs in such schemes is their inherent and intriguing quantum mechanical properties, which in turn, could be exploited in novel devices with larger capacities, such as for data storage or enhanced properties, such as quantum computers. In the quest of SMMs displaying such intriguing quantum effects, herein, we explore the synthesis, structural, and magnetic characterization of a dimeric dysprosium-based SMM composed of a tetradentate Schiff-base ligand with formula [Dy2(HL)2(benz)2(NO3)2]. Magnetic studies show that the complex is an SMM, while sub-Kelvin μ-SQUID studies revealed the exchange-bias characteristics of the system attributed to the presence of exchange interaction between the Dy3+ pair.

A Noble Genetic Algorithm to Solve a Solid Green Traveling Purchaser Problem with Uncertain Cost Parameters

Abstract: The traveling purchaser problem (TPP) is a notable generalization of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) which involves selecting a subset of markets at a minimum traveling cost such that the dema...

A roadmap towards stable perovskite solar cells: prospective on substitution of organic (A) & inorganic (B) cations

Abstract: In recent years, the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising, fastest growing technology and achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 25.5%. These hybrid PSCs exhibit many attractive properties such as long diffusion length, efficient charge transport, low temperature processing, tunable bandgap, and low-cost fabrication. The most conventional hybrid perovskite materials having the structure formula ABX3, where A = MA/FA (organic cation), B = Pb2+ (inorganic cation), X = I/Cl/Br (halide anion) are very hygroscopic due to the presence of organic cation and toxic due to Pb content. For large scale use, the lead (Pb) toxicity could have deteriorating effects on the human race and the environment. Besides this, owing to the hygroscopic nature, the PSCs degrade very rapidly in humid conditions. Efforts have been reported to replace lead and organic cations from the perovskite compounds with suitable alternatives to manage the toxicity and stability. It has been found that the mixture of Pb and Sn could be more effective in terms of efficiency and toxicity. In other case, partial or complete replacement of organic moiety from the perovskite layer by inorganic cations such as cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb) could lead to better thermal and moisture stability. The other materials such as Spiro OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS, PTAA, used as hole transport layer (HTL) are quite expensive and degradable in ambient conditions. The suitable choice of inorganic HTLs in this regard would result in better stabilization of PSCs. All-inorganic PSCs is a way to improve the device performance.

Comparative assessment of piscine beta diversity profile and key determinant environmental factors in two freshwater rivers of variable spatial scale in Dooars, West Bengal, India

Abstract: The underlying spatial and environmental processes shape the freshwater fish assemblage of streams and rivers. Due to dispersal barriers between the river basins, species filtering is associated with longitudinal environmental gradients resulting in distinct assemblages. This study primarily aims to assess the freshwater fish beta diversity profile inhabiting two rivers of the Upper Brahmaputra basin of Eastern Himalayas, namely River Teesta (large-scale) and Murti (small-scale). The beta profile is further disintegrated into three components, i.e., beta turnover, beta nestedness, and local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD). River Teesta has higher beta diversity and beta turnover values, while River Murti has a higher nestedness in community composition. LCBD is found to be higher in altitudinal extremities, and River Murti seems to have higher values. However, turnover in River Teesta is highly correlated (r > 0.5) with 17 environmental factors, while in River Murti, 15 of them seem to be significantly correlated (r > 0.5). Similarly, nestedness in River Teesta is correlated with stream slope while with water velocity and river width in River Murti.

Piperidine based effective chemosensor for Zn(II) with the formation of binuclear Zn complex having specific Al(III) detection ability in aqueous medium and live cell images

Abstract: A schiff base chemosensor HL [4-chloro-(((2-(piperidine-1-yl)imino)methyl)phenol], constructed by one step condensation of 2-aminoethyl piperidine and 5- Chloro Salicylaldehyde is illustrated to have its usefulness for selective and sensitive detection of Zn(II) among other metal ions in aqueous solution (HEPES buffer) displaying the colour changes from light blue to turquoise under UV light. The specific detection phenomena of Zn (II) is monitored by the remarkable fluorescence enhancement and notable change in NMR spectral data of fluorescence active HL after addition of Zn(II) to it. The impressive high binding constant in 106 orders, determined by electronic spectral titration after introduction of Zn(II) to HL assure the formation of a Zinc complex during sensing phenomena. In order to check whether the nuclearity of the constructed complex can be increased or not fluorescence enhancement phenomenon is further monitored in presence of different bridging ligands and the results display that only in presence of azide a significant enhancement of Zn(II)-HL domain is exposed where as for other bridging ligand the spectra remain unaltered. This observation insists to conduct the reaction between HL and ZnCl2 in presence of sodium azide which lead the formation of a Zn complex [Zn2(HL)2(N3)4] (complex 1) employing azide as the secondary anionic residue instead of bridging. The single crystal structure of the complex unveils the unique protonation of the piperidine N during the crystallization of the dinuclear motif of the complex 1. Furthermore the Zn complex due to the presence of remarkable luminescence property have been effectively used for selective sensing of Al(III) ion as metalloreceptor in HEPES buffer solution via turn of fluorescence with remarkable fluorescence quenching constant. In aqueous solution, complex 1 induces a 1:2 complex formation with Al(III) ion indicated by Job’s plot analysis. The DFT study suggests the formation of bimetal complex during sensing of Al(III) with complex 1 as metalloreceptor. The in vitro cell imaging study gives a authentic hints for in vivo biomedical application of HL as a selective and easy Zn(II) sensor. The two step sensing phenomena of HL and complex 1 is further established by advanced molecular logic gate formation.

A cell-compatible red light-emitting multianalyte chemosensor via three birds, one stone strategy

Abstract: The design and synthesis of red light-emitting multianalyte chemosensors have always been a challenging task because of its specific requirement of coordination pocket and selective fluorescence mechanism. Herein, we develop a chemosensor via “three birds, one stone” strategy in which we can detect three metal ions with one ligand. A highly sensitive new azo functionalized rhodamine based luminescent sensor is synthesized for selective fluorogenic recognition of Al3+, Cr3+, and chromogenic recognition of Cu2+ in ethanol : H2O medium in the red light-emitting zone. Among the guest metals, Cu2+ efficiently quenches the emission whereas Al3+ and Cr3+ induce increased luminescent 4.76 fold for Al3+ and 2.47 fold for Cr3+ through chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) regulated mechanism with the formation of 1:1 complex. The restricted imine isomerization through complex formation inhibits ongoing PET process with the instantaneous onset of CHEF. The mechanism is in good consonance with NMR (1H & 13C), FT-IR, elemental analysis, DFT, TCSPC, and pH-dependent studies. Micromolar range detection of 1.1 μM, 1.3 μM, and 1.5 μM for Cu2+, Al3+, and Cr3+ respectively, easy penetration into HLCs cells and higher imaging resolution increase its potentiality to assess Al3+ and Cr3+ in vitro. Moreover, paper strip application increases its viability as an onsite naked-eye portable solid probe.

Integrated Planning of IoT-Based Smart Bin Allocation and Vehicle Routing in Solid Waste Management

Abstract: The internet of things (IoT) is a prominent modern technology that offers robust solutions to modernizing consecutive systems. It accords controlled and calibrated outcomes to streamline smart cities, smart homes, smart industries, and smart environments. In this study, an ultrasonic sensor-based waste filling level is considered on IoT-based waste bins to optimize dynamic routes instead of fixed routes, such that the efficiency of waste collection and transportation can be improved. This article illustrates the time-dependent penalty concept to waste management authorities if these smart bins are not emptied in time after becoming full. This article presents a smart waste management model for smart cities that takes into account both bin allocation costs and routing costs. An innovative meta-heuristic neighborhood search technique is developed to solve the above model. The proposed model is illustrated with some numerical data, and a sensitivity analysis is performed with some parameters. After the waste from smart waste bins is collected, some waste products are recycled and reused through application of the game-theoretic concept involving the South Korean aspect of waste management.

Spatial pattern of freshwater habitats and their prioritization using additive partitions of beta diversity of inhabitant piscine assemblages in the Terai–Dooars ecoregion of Eastern Himalayas

Abstract: Underlying spatial and habitat attributes of a river network are crucial to comprehend the bio-spatial arrangements within it, the study of which suffers from a paucity of information. Despite several reports on various piscine assemblages, no study contributes to understanding the characteristic attributes of the freshwater habitats of the sub-Himalayan Terai–Dooars ecoregion. Therefore, this study aims to uncover such underlying features through a precise understanding of the spatial profile of freshwater habitats and additive partitions of piscine beta diversity. A significant spatial association is found in the upper stretches of most of these torrential freshwater reaches confined to the eastward of the River Teesta basin to the tributaries of River Jaldhaka. Such a pattern is aligned with a higher local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) values. The spatial map of LCBD indicates that the mid-altitude (100 > elevation > 2000 m) region contains unique or rare species assemblages. This fact is further confirmed by the spatial aggregation of characteristically adapted hill stream fish species with higher species contribution to beta diversity (SCBD) values. The results are further explained by relevant climatic, topographic, nutrients (sediments), and habitat attributes of which climate, topographic, substrate, and land cover features are the most contributory factors. Such variables are subjected to severe modulation following increasing anthropogenic pressure and changing climatic conditions, leading to the jeopardy of these freshwater habitats. Therefore, prime importance should be accorded to the ecological restoration value of these spatially structured torrential freshwater habitats for conservation and monitoring in the coming days.

Progress in the total synthesis of inthomycins.

Abstract: The inthomycin family of antibiotics, isolated from Streptomyces strains, are interesting molecules for synthesis due to their characteristic common oxazole polyene chiral allylic β-hydroxycarbonyl fragments and significant biological activities. The full structural motif of the inthomycins is found in several more complex natural products including the oxazolomycins, 16-methyloxazolomycin, curromycins A and B, and KSM-2690. This review summarises the application of various efforts towards the synthesis of inthomycins and their analogues systematically.

Boosting the Supercapacitive Performance of ZnO by 3-Dimensional Conductive Wrapping with Graphene Sheet

Abstract: ZnO is considered a promising pseudocapacitive material for supercapacitor devices because of its high specific energy density, low cost, non-toxicity, eco-friendliness, and widespread availability. However, its poor electronic and ionic conductivity limits its power density and cycling stability as a supercapacitor device, restricting its use in energy storage systems. Herein we report a novel hybrid nanocomposite electrode material developed by three-dimensional conducting wrapping of ZnO nanoparticles with graphene sheet to significantly improve the supercapacitor efficiency. The wrapping of ZnO nanospheres by graphene sheets creates highly conductive pathways by bridging individual ZnO together, thereby improving the rate and cycling performance of supercapacitors. The fabricated supercapacitor device using this ZnO–RGO hybrid exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1012 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, the ZnO–RGO hybrid is capable of achieving an outstanding power density of 3534.6 W/kg, an energy density of 50.6 Wh/kg and a Coulombic efficiency of 96.4%. These findings exhibit the potential of the ZnO–RGO hybrid nanocomposites as an electrode in high-performance supercapacitors.

A combined theoretical and experimental investigation of DNA interactive poly-hydroxyl enamine tautomer exhibiting “turn on” sensing for Zn2+ in pseudo-aqueous medium

Abstract: Crystallographically established (solid state structure at 150 K temperature) enamine ligand 2-((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-ylamino)methyl)-4-bromo-6-methoxyphenol (H4L) was prepared, which showed interconvertible equilibrium (ΔE = 7.37 kcal) of its tautomers and also found to exhibit DNA binding activity at the minor groove of double-stranded (ds) DNA. Spectroscopic and calorimetric methods were employed to explore the interaction of H4L with DNA. Further, the competitive Hoechst 33258 displacement assay indicated the specific binding site of H4L to be at the minor grooves of DNA. Thermodynamic evaluation from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments suggested the association of H4L with DNA to be an enthalpy driven process with an equilibrium binding affinity (K) of (2.50 ± 0.11) × 104 M−1. Molecular docking studies were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results of the DNA interaction of the probe in groove binding mode. The poor emission of H4L in the excited state was due to excited state induced proton transfer (ESIPT), but in the presence of Zn2+, the ESIPT was blocked an chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) was initiated to exhibit ‘turn on’ fluorescence upon the coordination of Zn2+. The H4L probe was found to detect Zn2+ selectively among various metal ions and the LOD was calculated to be ∼1.13 μM. The coordination of the Zn(II) bound complex and the relative stability of the tautomers of H4L were investigated in detail via spectroscopic and computational studies.

Bovine serum albumin interactive one dimensional hexanuclear manganese(III) complex: synthesis, structure, binding and molecular docking studies

Abstract: The reaction of MeO-salox (4-methoxy salicylaldehyde-oxime) with Mn(OAc)2·4H2O in a 1 : 1 molar ratio in methanol medium and in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide yields the hexanuclear complex [Mn6O2(4-MeO-salox)6(N3)2(MeOH)2(H2O)2·2H2O]n (1). Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that complex 1 adopts a 1D chain network facilitated by two EE-azido bridges. BSA binding studies reveal that complex 1 causes fluorescence quenching of BSA through both static and dynamic mechanisms. A 1 : 1 binding mode is established through a Benesi–Hildebrand plot with an intrinsic binding constant of (3.40 ± 0.01) × 104 M−1. The circular dichroism studies indicate variation of the secondary structure of BSA upon binding with complex 1. The site-selective binding and molecular docking studies reveal the probable binding site of complex 1 is at the mouth of site I in subdomain IIA of BSA.

Design and synthesis of a sulphur containing Schiff base drug: DNA binding studies and theoretical calculations.

Abstract: The Schiff base compound MTA ((E)-5-methyl-N'-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl)methylene)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide) derived from 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and 5-methylpyrazole-3-carbohydrazide has been ...

Evaluation of the effects of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on Lathyrus sativus L.

Abstract: The effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and cyclophosphamide (CP) on grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) has been studied. The effect of the selected drugs on radicle length, colchicine induces polyploidy and in vitro callus growth has been studied (concentration used: 5-Fluorouracil—0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mM; Cyclophosphamide—1, 10, 20 and 30 mM). The biochemical studies on superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidase activity also studied. Radicle length, polyploidy percentage and callus growth decrease in both the drugs in a dose-dependent manner. The SOD, catalase and LP activity decrease with the increase in drug concentration except for low dose (for 5FU—0.01 mM and 1 mM for CP). Induced polyploidy (Control B) than water germinated seedling (Control A) shows higher enzyme activity but a decrease in the increased dose of drugs. The present work has been done to assess the effective potentiality of two anticancerous drugs 5FU and CP with an objective to establish plant system as a model for preliminary screening of anticancerous lead compounds. The result of the present work would pave the way for the screening of unknown lead compounds with the potentiality to act as base analogue and DNA cross-linking drugs. This system is faster, cost-effective and convenient than animal model.

Government Initiatives for the Livelihood of Migrant Workers During and Post Lockdown

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic created one of the worst mass migration crises on the Indian subcontinent in recent times. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the global spread of novel corona virus, COVID-19 as a great pandemic. Indian migrant workers have confronted with many sufferings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Coronavirus outbreak has created an adverse impact on the workforce in general and especially the migrant labourers. With factories and workplaces pack up thanks to the lockdown imposed within the country, many migrant workers had to affect the loss of income, food shortages and uncertainty about their future. Indian Railways have started running “Shramik special” trains from 1st May,2020, Labour Day, to move migrant workers and other persons stranded at different places due to Covid-19 lock down. Besides, a large number of migrant workers returned to their native states when the state borders were opened. The Government is also working on creating a database of migrant labourers so that they get the direct benefit of various welfare schemes. This paper tries to present various initiatives taken by the Government of India for the livelihood of Migrant Workers during and post lockdown and the lessons learnt from Covid-19 pandemic regarding Migrant Workers.

Evolution of Marine Bars under Micro and Mesotidal Settings of Mahanadi Delta Coast

Abstract: Shoreward migration process of longshore bar is an important aspect of shoreline changes in the Mahanadi delta front. It involves coalescence of individual bars to form large complex bars just before welding on to the shoreline. Such welding sometimes results in the formation of large hook spits. Bar welding mechanism can be an extremely important form of natural beach nourishment. This study aims to detect stages of evolution of longshore bars and consequent welding with mainland. Multi-dated Landsat images have been used to detect evolution of longshore bar and welding processes. QGIS platform has been used to process images and compose required maps.

ICT Use in Higher Education in Eastern States of India: An Analysis

Abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) cannot be separated from our daily needs. ICT helps in reducing the disparity in wealth of educational resources. The uses of ICT in education add value in teaching and learning by enhancing the effectiveness of learning or by adding a dimension to learning. ICT may also be a significant motivational factor in students' learning. Uses of ICT in eastern states in India are lagging behind all other regions of India. In this background, the authors review the use of ICT by higher education students of four states in eastern India. They have attempted to find the factors responsible for use of ICT by the students. As the findings suggest, region, gender, education levels of households, type of courses, possession of computer and internet facility, consumption levels of households, and whether students stay in institutional hostel or not are the influencing factors to use of ICT.