South Dakota State University

About: South Dakota State University is a education organization based out in Brookings, South Dakota, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Virus. The organization has 5700 authors who have published 10456 publications receiving 280551 citations. The organization is also known as: SDSU.

Data-Driven Tracking Control With Adaptive Dynamic Programming for a Class of Continuous-Time Nonlinear Systems

Abstract: A data-driven adaptive tracking control approach is proposed for a class of continuous-time nonlinear systems using a recent developed goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (GrHDP) architecture. The major focus of this paper is on designing a multivariable tracking scheme, including the filter-based action network (FAN) architecture, and the stability analysis in continuous-time fashion. In this design, the FAN is used to observe the system function, and then generates the corresponding control action together with the reference signals. The goal network will provide an internal reward signal adaptively based on the current system states and the control action. This internal reward signal is assigned as the input for the critic network, which approximates the cost function over time. We demonstrate its improved tracking performance in comparison with the existing heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) approach under the same parameter and environment settings. The simulation results of the multivariable tracking control on two examples have been presented to show that the proposed scheme can achieve better control in terms of learning speed and overall performance.

Pan-tropical monitoring of deforestation

Abstract: This paper reviews the technical capabilities for monitoring deforestation from a pan-tropical perspective in response to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process, which is studying the technical issues surrounding the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation in developing countries. The successful implementation of such policies requires effective forest monitoring systems that are reproducible, provide consistent results, meet standards for mapping accuracy, and can be implemented from national to pan-tropical levels. Remotely sensed data, supported by ground observations, are crucial to such efforts. Recent developments in global to regional monitoring of forests can contribute to reducing the uncertainties in estimates of emissions from deforestation. Monitoring systems at national levels in developing countries can also benefit from pan-tropical and regional observations, mainly by identifying hot spots of change and prioritizing areas for monitoring at finer spatial scales. A pan-tropical perspective is also required to ensure consistency between different national monitoring systems. Data sources already exist to determine baseline periods in the 1990s as historical reference points. Key requirements for implementing such monitoring programs, both at pan-tropical and at national scales, are international commitment of resources to increase capacity, coordination of observations to ensure pan-tropical coverage, access to free or low-cost data, and standardized, consensus protocols for data interpretation and analysis.

Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation on collagen by rutin and its metabolites.

Abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that rutin, flavonoid in fruits and vegetables, or one of its metabolites may effectively modulate advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Following ingestion, rutin forms metabolites that include 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA), 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (3,4-DHT), m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-HPAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA) and 3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxyflavonol (quercetin). We studied the effects of rutin and its metabolites on the formation of AGE biomarkers such as pentosidine, collagen-linked fluorescence, N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine (CML) adducts, glucose autoxidation and collagen glycation, using an in vitro model where collagen I was incubated with glucose. Rutin metabolites containing vicinyl dihydroxyl groups, i.e., 3,4-DHT, 3,4-DHPAA and quercetin, inhibited the formation of pentosidine and fluorescent adducts, glucose autoxidation and glycation of collagen I in a dose-dependent manner, whereas non-vicinyl dihydroxyl group-containing metabolites, i.e., HVA and m-HPAA, were much less effective. All five metabolites of rutin effectively inhibited CML formation. In contrast, during the initial stages of glycation and fluorescent AGE product accumulation, only vicinyl hydroxyl group-containing rutin metabolites were effective. These studies demonstrate that rutin and circulating metabolites of rutin can inhibit early glycation product formation, including both fluorescent and nonfluorescent AGEs induced by glucose glycation of collagen I in vitro. These effects likely contribute to the beneficial health effects associated with rutin consumption.