Showing papers by "Tehran University of Medical Sciences published in 1994"
TL;DR: This is the first characterized isolate of L. major from a sandfly vector in Iran, and Phlebotomus caucasicus Marzinowsky from gerbil and jird burrows were found naturally infected with Leishmania major.
Abstract: As part of a general survey of leishmaniasis and sandflies in the focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) at Borkhar, a rural district north of the city of Isfahan, central Iran, Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) caucasicus Marzinowsky from gerbil and jird burrows were found naturally infected with Leishmania major, zymodeme MON-26 (= LON-1). This is the first characterized isolate of L. major from a sandfly vector in Iran.
52 citations
TL;DR: In one of the three teaching hospitals of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, patients with ARF were treated with a standardized hydration protocol coupled with a cautious approach to fasciotomy, suggesting that this standardized approach to prevention and treatment of ARF in earthquake victims may be helpful.
Abstract: The 1990 Iran earthquake affected two provinces with a population of 2.3 million, resulting in at least 13,888 deaths and 43,390 injured, and in 33,615 hospitalizations. Overall mortality among hospitalized patients was 0.17%. Acute renal failure (ARF) requiring dialysis support was diagnosed in 156 patients nationwide, with a mortality rate of 14%. Three teaching hospitals of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences admitted 495 patients, with overall mortality of 7.5%. Of these, 30 (6%) required dialysis support, with mortality of 40%, accounting for one-third of all deaths. On admission, patients with ARF were more severely injured, with significantly higher incidence of multiple trauma, peripheral nerve damage, elevated plasma concentrations of muscle enzymes, potassium and phosphate, and abnormal urinalysis. In one of the three hospitals, patients were treated with a standardized hydration protocol coupled with a cautious approach to fasciotomy. The incidence of ARF, mortality associated with ARF, and fasciotomy were lower in this group. Our limited experience suggests that this standardized approach to prevention and treatment of ARF in earthquake victims may be helpful. Language: en
50 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results reveal that the incidence of malposition of the ovary is higher in patients with congenital uterine anomalies than in a control group, especially true when the uterus is absent or is only partially present.
47 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the biological effects of Li+ may exist at very much lower serum Li+ levels than the commonly accepted therapeutic range, and that the interaction of two drugs may conceivably take place through these systems.
Abstract: 1. The effects of acute and chronic lithium (Li+) treatments on the antinociception caused by morphine were studied in mice using the tail-flick test. 2. Subcutaneous injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) caused significant antinociception. 3. Acute Li+ administration (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone had no significant antinociceptive effect but changed morphine analgesia; low doses of Li+ (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg) were found to decrease the antinociception induced by morphine whereas higher doses of the drug (10 mg/kg) potentiated this effect. 4. The 6 day administration of Li+ with a serum level of 0.528 mM decreased the antinociceptive effect of morphine. 5. The effect of Li+ on morphine-induced analgesia persisted for 96 hr in spite of the fact that Li+ drinking was discontinued (the serum Li+ level decreased from 0.528 to 0.022 mM). 6. It has been reported that Li+ might change both the binding of opioids to their receptors and biosynthesis or release of endogenous opioids. There is also a considerable body of evidence which indicates that both Li+ and morphine affect phosphoinositide turnover, intracellular calcium content and cyclic AMP level. The interaction of two drugs may conceivably take place through these systems. 7. These data suggest that the biological effects of Li+ may exist at very much lower serum Li+ levels than the commonly accepted therapeutic range.
33 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the expressed repertoire of Ig variable region genes within the malignant B lymphocytes of BL is not random and that a highly selective mechanism(s) may operate on this subset of B lymphocyte, as evidenced by the expression of the VH and VK gene products.
Abstract: Twenty-six established Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines from endemic or sporadic groups of patients were examined for the expression of cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI) associated with VHI, VHIII, VHIV, VHVI, VKIIIa and VKIIIb heavy- and light-chain gene products, using a panel of anti-CRI and anti-subgroup monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) Membrane, cytoplasmic and secreted immunoglobulins (Ig) were analysed by immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and ELISA respectively While 35% of the lines expressed either of the VHIV-associated CRI, recognised by the MAbs 9G4 or LCI, none expressed the other VH-associated CRI included in our study Of the kappa light chain expressing BL lines 54% and 46% belonged to the VKIII subgroup and VKIIIb sub-subgroups respectively None, however, was found to express the VKIIIa or VKIIIb-associated CRI, recognised by the 6B66 and 17-109 MAbs A significant association has been observed between the expression of the VHIV-associated CRI and the VKIII subgroup within the BL lines derived from the sporadic group of patients as compared with their endemic counterparts Our results suggest that the expressed repertoire of Ig variable region genes within the malignant B lymphocytes of BL is not random and that a highly selective mechanism(s) may operate on this subset of B lymphocytes, as evidenced by the expression of the VH and VK gene products
12 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that electrically evoked contractions in the rat gastric fundus were mediated by muscarinic receptors and the NANC inhibitory response in the isolated 5-strips of rat gastrics fundus was blocked by morphine and yohimbine.
Abstract: 1. Electrically evoked contractions in isolated strips of rat gastric fundus were inhibited by atropine (IC50 = 2.5 × 10−9 M), pirenzepine (IC50 = 2.3 × 10−8 M), clonidine (IC50 = 3.9 × 10−8 M) and morphine (IC50 = 3.2 × 10−7 M) in a dose-dependent manner. 2. The inhibitory effect of morphine was antagonized by naloxone (10−6 M). The inhibitory effect of clonidine not only was not reversed by yohimbine but also was enhanced. Yohimbine per se inhibited these contractions (IC50 = 6.4 × 10−6 M). 3. In presence of atropine (2 × 10−6 M) and guanethidine (5 × 10−6 M), electrical stimulation of isolated strips of rat gastric fundus produced a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory response. 4. The NANC inhibitory response was decreased by morphine (10−8−3 × 10−6 M). In addition, morphine decreased the tone of the muscle. These effects of morphine was antagonized by naloxone (3 × 10−6 M). 5. Clonidine up to 10−6 M had no influence on the NANC inhibitory response but yohimibine per se (10−7−3 × 10−5 M) blocked it (IC50 = 3 × 10−6 M). 6. These findings indicate that electrically evoked contractions in the rat gastric fundus were mediated by muscarinic receptors. In addition, the NANC inhibitory response in the isolated 5-trips of rat gastric fundus was blocked by morphine and yohimbine.
7 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that gentamicin as an aminoglycoside antibiotic at the dose employed, can influence the secretory mechanisms of rat submandibular glands.
Abstract: 1. Submandibular saliva was collected from anesthetized gentamicin-treated and control rats using carbachol, isoproterenol and pilocarpine as secretagogue. 2. Intraperitoneal injection of a large single dose (80 mg/kg) of gentamicin caused marked changes in saliva flow rate, protein and electrolyte concentrations in the presence of parasympathetic or sympathetic agents used as stimulants. 3. The secretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in saliva was determined and there was a marked increase in the enzyme activity of saliva of gentamicin-treated rats in comparison to that of controls. 4. The results of this study suggest that gentamicin as an aminoglycoside antibiotic at the dose employed, can influence the secretory mechanisms of rat submandibular glands.
7 citations
TL;DR: In 21 patients with polycystic ovarian disease, a laparotomy ovarian wedge resection was performed on both ovaries, and the mean score of adhesion in the two groups was 52/21 MWR and 82/21 OWR.
Abstract: In 21 patients with polycystic ovarian disease, a laparotomy ovarian wedge resection was performed on both ovaries The vessels were coagulated with a mini-bipolar instrument Then, randomly one ovary was left open and the other closed with Vicryl material (5-0 in the interior and 8-0 on the edge of the ovary) Six weeks later, during a second look laparoscopy, the ovaries were scored according to adhesion formation (AFS classification) The mean score of adhesion in the two groups was 52/21 MWR and 82/21 OWR The mean and standard error for the differences of scores were 143 and 094, respectively, which were not significant Contrary to the previous report (Am J Obstet Gynecol; 163:1674, 1990), our study in humans does not show that the OWR is superior to MWR
6 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that both methods operated on via laparoscopy with VN and DTI technique were satisfactory and presented no serious problems.
Abstract: Seven hundred fifty-six women were randomly divided into two groups Group 1 (378 cases) were operated on via laparoscopy with VN and group 2 (378 cases) with DTI technique Complications were compared between the two groups No major complications occurred Minor complications were: a problem with insufflation of CO2 (19 VN, 2 DTI, P<0001); more than one insertion of the instrument (18 VN, 13 DTI, NS); need to alter the technique (6 VN, 10 DTI, NS); and penetration of the fascia but not the peritoneum by trocar sleeve (2 VN, 19 DTI, P<0001) The significant differences found presented no serious problems, and we concluded that both methods were satisfactory
5 citations
TL;DR: Substituted 2-phenethyl halide with 1H-1,2,4-triazoles, imidazoles and benzimidazole gave a low yield.
TL;DR: The results indicate the striking pharmacological effects of the calcium channel blockers on the common bile duct and may indicate a possible role for these compounds in the treatment of biliary colic.
Abstract: 1. The inhibitory effects of various calcium channel blockers; nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem and a heterogenous compound, dantrolene, have been investigated on isolated common bile duct from guinea-pig. 2. All the compounds tested induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the amplitude of contractile response to electrical stimulation or increasing the calcium concentration of the bathing media. 3. Nifedipine was the most potent compound whereas the least potent was dantrolene; verapamil and diltiazem had intermediate potency. 4. The IC50 values for these compounds were calculated as: nifedipine 3.68 x 10(-9) M; verapamil, 4.93 x 10(-8) M; diltiazem, 4.2 x 10(-7) M; and dantrolene 5.51 x 10(-5) M. 5. All the compounds displaced the concentration-response curve of calcium chloride to the right in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the compounds studied, nifedipine had the highest and dantrolene had the lowest potency. 6. These results indicate the striking pharmacological effects of the calcium channel blockers on the common bile duct and may indicate a possible role for these compounds in the treatment of biliary colic.
TL;DR: A 30 year old infertile woman was a candidate for laparoscopic myomectomy and there were two large myomas, 6x7 cm, and 5x6 cm attached to the corpus of the uterus with a broad base.
Abstract: A 30 year old infertile woman was a candidate for laparoscopic myomectomy. There were two large myomas, 6x7 cm, and 5x6 cm attached to the corpus of the uterus with a broad base. The 6x7 cm one was separated with the use of bipolar coagulation. At this point the anesthesiologist urged that the operation be finished because of cardiac arrhythmia. The separated mass (6x7 cm) was biopsied and left intraabdominally. After surgery, repeated sonographies showed gradual resolution of the mass. Four months afterwards she had another laparoscopy. There was no sign of the 6x7 cm myoma. There were no intraabdominal adhesions. However, there was an adhesion on the uterus at the place of the separation of the 6x7 cm myoma. During the second laparoscopy, the 5x6 cm myoma was separated by laparoscopy and then removed via minilaparotomy.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: By application of modern recombinant DNA technology, especially the polymerase chain reaction (peR)/dot-blot hybridization techniques, the molecular structure of E. coli has been investigated.
Abstract: By application of modern recombinant DNA technology, especially the polymerase chain reaction (peR)/dot-blot hybridization techniques, we have investigated the molecular
TL;DR: In 20 patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy using D5W, the rate of hyperglycemia and hyponatremia was examined and it was found that the difference in absorption of glucose is the cause of different hyperglycemic responses.
Abstract: In 20 patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy using D5W, the rate of hyperglycemia and hyponatremia was examined. All patients exhibited hyperglycemia during and two hours after the procedure as follows: ten patients had hyperglycemia but with less than 100% increase from the normal level of serum glucose, two patients had between a 100% and 300% increase, and eight patients had more than a 300% increase. The rate of hyponatremia was higher in group three than one (7/8 versus 1/10, P=0.0037). The oral GTT was normal in all of the patients. One explanation of these results is that the difference in absorption of glucose is the cause of different hyperglycemic responses. Can we find a test to distinguish these groups prior to hysteroscopic operation?
TL;DR: Methoxamine induced a completely dose dependent increase in muscle tension which was dependent on extracellular calcium and was inhibited by nifedipine, and clonidine had a biphasic action on the contractions produced by train electrical stimulation.
Abstract: 1. The effects of some alpha-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on electrically-evoked contractions and tension of chick expansor secundariorum muscle (ESM), and dependence of these events on extracellular calcium was investigated. 2. Both train and continuous electrical stimulation can produce regular contractions in preparations obtained from 40–60 day old chicks. 3. Clonidine had a biphasic action on the contractions produced by train electrical stimulation. In concentrations ranging from 10 -8 to 3 × 10 -7 M, clonidine decreased the contraction amplitude, but in higher concentrations, it caused an increase in both the muscle tension and the contraction amplitude. These effects were reversed by application of yohimbine although yohimbine by itself had no effect on the contractions. 4. Introduction of calcium free isotonic high potassium medium decreased muscle tone which was followed by further dose-dependent increase in tension, along with the addition of cumulative doses of CaCl 2 (ED 50 = 2.8 × 10 -3 M). 5. Nifedipine reduced the amplitude of ESM contractions produced by continuous electrical stimulation in a dose dependent manner (IC 50 = 6.7 × 10 -7 M). 6. Methoxamine induced a completely dose dependent increase in muscle tension which was dependent on extracellular calcium and was inhibited by nifedipine. In the presence of 10 -8 M nifedipine, ED 50 of methoxamine stimulatory effect increased from the control value of 2.2 × 10 -7 to 8.4 × 10 -7 M. 7. Although BAY-K8644, a calcium channel activator, had no effect on the contraction amplitude produced by continuous electrical stimulation, the muscle tension was increased by this drug in a dose dependent manner (ED 50 = 2.2 × 10 -8 M).
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A 54 years old female with history of total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma, treated with lOOmCi of iodine-131 and negative whole body scans was referred for follow up study.
Abstract: A 54 years old female with history of total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma, treated with lOOmCi of iodine-131 and negative whole body scans was referred for follow up study. Tl-201 scan revealed an area of radiotracer uptake in the neck region, suggestive of a parathyroid adenoma versus recurrence of thyroid carcinoma. The patient was operated, the parathyroid adenoma was removed. In this case report probability of the association of parathyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma is being discussed.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results showed that the dominant serovars of L.l1Iollocyrogelle s which caused listeriosis in the samples were 4b, la, 2 and 3.
Abstract: Serovars of Lisreria l1Iollocyrogelle s were determined. Sera of aborted samples (200) were collected from different hospitals in Tehran and were tested serologically by immunofluorescen t antibody methods (IF tests). 137 positive sera were identified. Positive sera were tested against 12 serovars of Listeria l1Iollocytogelle s separately. Titers of antibody in patients' sera for all serovars were determined. The results showed that the dominant serovars of L.l1Iollocyrogelle s which caused listeriosis in the samples were 4b, la, 2 and 3. None of the sera had antibodies against serovars 4a, oa or (ib. Some of the sera which had high titers of antibody against dominant serovars (4b, I a, 2 and 3), showed a faint result with serovars 4d, 4e,5 and 7. M.lIRI, Vol. 8, No.3, 173-175, 1994.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Peripheral neuroepitbelioma is a rare highly malignant tumor, classified in the group of small round cell tumors, based on histologic appearance and irrununohistochemical staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
Abstract: Peripheral neuroepitbelioma (PN) is a rare highly malignant tumor, classified in the group of small round cell tumors. We report eight cases of PN, based on histologic appearance and irrununohistochemical staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Electron microscopy was also performed in three cases. The tumors exhibited rapid local growth, leading to limb amputation in five cases. Histologically the presence of Homer-Wright rosettes is a characteristic of this neoplasm. Tumoral cells are generally positive for NSE. The relationship ofPN with Ewing's sarcoma is discussed. M.lIRI, Vol. 8, No.1, 5-8, 1994.
TL;DR: The present data may propose the presence of a new subtype of P1-purinoceptor in rats examined on the rat isolated uterus, and all the analogues except NECA, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited electrically induced contractions.
Abstract: 1. 1. The effects of adenosine (Ado), 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), 2-chloroadenosine, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine ( l -PIA and d -PIA) and N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) were examined on the rat isolated uterus. 2. 2. All the analogues except NECA, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited electrically induced contractions. 3. 3. 8-Phenyltheophylline (8-PT: P1 antagonist) did not antagonize adenosine and its analogues-induced relaxation. 4. 4. Dipyridamole (Dipy: an adenosine uptake inhibitor) potentiated the relaxations to adenosine but had no significant effect on the relaxations induced by the analogues. 5. 5. The agonist potency order for the relaxation of contractions elicited by direct muscle stimulation was: CHA > l -PIA > 2-chloradenosine > d -PIA > Ado. 6. 6. The present data may propose the presence of a new subtype of P1-purinoceptor.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity were elevated but serum cortisol, 17 -hydroxyprogesterone, ACTH, 24 hour urinary 17ketosteroid, pregnanetriol, renal function and sonogram were normal and pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (pHA 1) was differentiated from congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and other metabolic disorders.
Abstract: A four day old female infant was admitted because of poor feeding, vomiting and jaundice. Laboratory examination showed hyperkalemia, mild hyponatremia and renal tubular acidosis type 4. Serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity were elevated but serum cortisol, 17 -hydroxyprogesterone, ACTH, 24 hour urinary 17ketosteroid, pregnanetriol, renal function and sonogram were normal and hence pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (pHA 1) was differentiated from congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and other metabolic disorders. These abnormalities were corrected with sodium chloride supplementation. M.lIRI, Vol. 8, No.1, 53-55, 1994.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Serum IgO subclass levels were measured using an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies in 16 children with asthma and 13 children with atopy who had mostly recurrent infections.
Abstract: Serum IgO subclass levels were measured using an indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies in 16 children with asthma and 13 children with atopy who had mostly recurrent infections. Seven of the asthmatic children had marked low or low normal levels of [gO., six had marked low or low normal levels of Ig03, two had marked low normal levels of both [gO, and [g03 and one had low levels of IgO\" [gO, and [gO •. All these patients suffered from recurrent sinopulmonary infections. There were low percentages of IgO, and IgO. defects (about 15%) in the atopic patients, while a significant increase in the serum IgO. levels were observed (six patient out of 13 patients, 46.2%). M.JIRI, Vol. 7, No.4, 221-225,1994.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Four patients with sonographic suggestion of hepatic hemangioma are studied with Tc99m-labeled RBC scan, and lesions as small as 36 mm could be detected by this method.
Abstract: Four patients with sonographic suggestion of hepatic hemangioma are studied with Tc99m-labeled RBC scan. The scan findings are compaired with other imaging modalities. Lesions as small as 36 mm could be detected by this method. Tc99m labeled RBC scan is a valuable tool to differentiate hepatic hemangioma from other space occupying lesion of the liver.
TL;DR: A new laparoscopic instrument is available to remove hair from an ovarian dermoid cyst using Teflon, and when the tapered part is rotated in the mat of hair, the hair attaches firmly to it and can be brought out easily.
Abstract: A new laparoscopic instrument is available to remove hair from an ovarian dermoid cyst. It is constructed of Teflon, and is 35 cm in length and 9 mm in diameter. The distal 6 cm of the instrument tapers from 9 to 6 mm, and has longitudinal and transverse grooves. When the tapered part is rotated in the mat of hair, the hair attaches firmly to it and can be brought out easily.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The rate of listeria abortion in Tehran was investigated and antibody against L. mOllocytogelles was obtained in 70.7% of sera but the bacteria was isolated from five samples only.
Abstract: The rate of listeria abortion in Tehran was investigated. Abortion samples (200) were cold enriched at 4°C and subcultured on selective culture media containing acriflavin, nalidixic acid and potassium thiocyanate. Sera of patients were tested serologically (IF method) for screening, and results were confirmed by culturing the positive samples. Antibody against L. mOllocytogelles was obtained in 70.7% of sera but the bacteria was isolated from five samples only. MJ1R1, Vol. 8, No.1, 1-4, 1994. /
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is discussed that autoantibodies have an important role in thyroid autoimmune diseases and also that CIC may have a critical role in the pathogenesis of exophthalmus associated with Graves' disease.
Abstract: 32 patients (ll) female. 13 male)· suffering from Graves' disease with exophthalmus and five without exophthalmus were studied for various autoanti bodies including anti-thyroglobulin (ATAB). anti-microsomal antibody (AMAB). anti-parietal antibodies (APAB) and also circulating immune complex (CrC). 43 normal subjects were tested concurrently. Immunofluorescent technique was employed for autoantibody detection. Frozen sections of human thyroid tissue and rat stomach were utilized as antigen sources for thyroid and parietal CIC estimated by PEG (polyethylene glycol) precipitation method and the specific classes of immunoglobulins were detected by SRlD (single radial immunodiffusion). The results were analyzed statistically. From the point of view of presence of antibodies. there were significant differences between patients and control groups (P= 0.(05). Comparing Graves' with or without exophthalmus. no significant difference was seen between autoantibody levels. but higher titers of CIC were elucidated in the latter group. We will discuss that autoantibodies have an important role in thyroid autoimmune diseases and also that CIC may have a critical role in the pathogenesis of exophthalmus associated with Graves' disease. M.lIRI. Vol. 8, No.3, 149-153. 1994. Voluml: H Number 3 Fall, 1373 Novcrnbc:r I C)f)-l
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results showed that gastroenteritis mostly had a rapid incidence accompanied by fever, pain, straining, tenesmus and mucus-containing faeces, which can be linked to prophylaxis with these two antibiotics.
Abstract: One hundred and thirty specimens of faeces of infants under one year old suffering form gastroenteritis and residing at the Camp of Iraqi Kurdish refugees (Paveh and Sar Pol Zahab cities) were collected and evaluated from the point of some bacterial agents. Atthesa me time, some impor tantc1i nical findings and environmental conditions were also collected for the study. The results showed that gastroenteritis mostly had a rapid incidence accompanied by fever, pain, straining, tenesmus and mucus-containing faeces. From a total number of 130 specimens collected, 10% Proteus, 18%Pseudomollas, 10% Aeromonas, 1 % Serratia, 1 % enteropathogenic E. coli, 4% Klebsiella, 2% Shigella, and 3% Yersinia were isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity test indicated a severe resistance of opportunistic pathogens against two antibiotics, i.e., chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole which were mostly isolated in Sar-Pol Zahab Camp. We can link this to prophylaxis with these two antibiotics the result of which is the augmentation of normal flora and its change to pathogens. The studies have shown that there is a significant relation between the camp's living conditions, nutrition, public health and isolated microbes.