Showing papers by "Temple University published in 1970"
415 citations
TL;DR: A theory of persuasion for social movements is presented in this paper with a focus on requirements, problems, and strategies for social justice movements in the context of social justice campaigns in the 1970s.
Abstract: (1970). Requirements, problems, and strategies: A theory of persuasion for social movements. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
241 citations
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186 citations
TL;DR: Knowing the outcome of endodontically treated teeth with perforated roots should contribute to an informed prognosis for such teeth, as well as preventing them from being attributed unjustly to some other factors.
Abstract: Periodontal tissue reactions to root perforations in the teeth of dogs and humans have been studied by Euler,l KUbler,2 Ruchenstein,3 Kaufmann,4 Taatz and Stiefel,5 and Lantz and Persson.6,7 In general, inflammatory reactions were more severe when the perforated regions were left open to saliva or when the entrance regions were closed with zinc phosphate cement. Reactions were less severe when the perforation canals were sealed with gutta-percha immediately after the perforations were made or soon thereafter. In a clinical and histologic investigation of endodontically treated teeth that had failed, Seltzer et a18 found that some of them had perforations of the floor of the pulp chamber, presumably made by improper access openings. Should such perforations occur without the operator's knowledge, the failures of endodontically treated teeth might be attributed unjustly to some other factors. Therefore, knowing the outcome of endodontically treated teeth with perforated roots should contribute to an informed prognosis for such teeth. During endodontic experiments on monkeys,9-11 a number of teeth were accidentally perforated before or during treatment.
179 citations
TL;DR: Graphical analysis of the continuous tritiated thymidine labeling data showed that there is very little change in the length of the cell cycle or its component phases during this period of embryonic development.
171 citations
TL;DR: The protein methylase II (PMS II) as discussed by the authors has been reported to have a molecular weight of 35,000 by means of Sephadex G-100 and is electrophoretically homogeneous.
169 citations
TL;DR: The relationship between arousal and performance is a complex one and does not appear to follow a straight line as mentioned in this paper, however, empirical evidence seems to indicate that high levels of excitement interfere with efficiency in certain activities.
Abstract: One of the most widely accepted principles of human behavior is that people perform best when \"motivated.\" This principle is validated when keenly interested children exhibit greater enthusiasm and performance on school tasks than less interested children. Highly excited individuals performing unexpected feats or attaining unusual levels of performance is further evidence. However, empirical evidence seems to indicate that high levels of excitement interfere with efficiency in certain activities. In one situation, therefore, a high level of motivation may place the individual at a distinct advantage, whereas, at another time a person so stimulated would be hindered. The relationship between arousal and performance is a complex one and does not appear to follow a straight line. This paper will investigate several aspects of this phenomenon.
167 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the patients' platelets contain a normal amount of metabolically active ADP, but are deficient in the storage pool is consistent with the hypothesis that they lack the storage, or non‐metabolic, pool of ADP.
Abstract: Summary A large family has recently been described in which impaired platelet aggregation was attributed to defective release of the ADP present, although in decreased amounts, in their platelets (Weiss et al, 1969). It was postulated that these patients might lack the storage, or non-metabolic, pool of ADP which is selectively released from specialized granules during the platelet release reaction and studies on three affected members of this family were undertaken to test this hypothesis. Citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was incubated with [8-14C]adenine for 2 hr at 37°C and the specific activity of platelet nucleotides was determined. The release reaction was then induced by shaking the PRP with collagen fibres. The labelling patterns in the patients' platelets were distinctly abnormal. The specific activities of their platelet ADP following incubation with [14C]adenine were 4–6 times those of similarly treated normal platelets and were similar to those obtained in the normal platelets after they had been depleted of their non-metabolic (unlabelled) ADP by treatment with collagen. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the patients' platelets contain a normal amount of metabolically active ADP, but are deficient in the storage pool. Similar conclusions were reached for ATP. Incubation of the patients' platelets with collagen was accompanied by a normal disappearance of radioactive ATP and accumulation of radioactive IMP and hypoxanthine. Thus the abnormality in the platelet release reaction in these patients appears to be the result of a diminished storage pool of nucleotides rather than a block in the pathway which may provide the energy for this reaction.
166 citations
TL;DR: The notion that data collection is itself value free, that facts are facts, is old-fashioned and naive; it oversimplifies the understanding of the scientific process and invests the extensive bodies of "fact" with a false sense of truth as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: systems of explanation that provide us with a scientific view of the various universes that we occupy and seek to understand. The notion, however, that data collection is itself value free, that facts are facts, is old-fashioned and naive; it oversimplifies the understanding of the scientific process and invests the extensive bodies of "fact" with a false sense of truth. It should not surprise those engaged in the search for understanding and knowledge that the kinds of data we seek-and therefore find-are conditioned by the particular problems we define and, in a more general way, by our view of the universe. Similarly, the kinds of data we collect and the particular viewpoint each of us selects skew the resulting theoretical systems. Science in general, or any scientific system in particular, is culture-based in that it reflects the particular values, the particular epistemological view, that a society accepts, sanctions, and uses as a basis for the behavior of its members. A clear example of this occurs in the history of human biology. The science of human biology-and its derivative, physical anthropology-is a product of medical, and more particularly surgical, interests. These inevitably emphasized the pathological in contrast to the normal. In fact, it is difficult to grasp the concept of normality within a population except in terms of the pathological whose very existence demands its recognition. Thus the valuable contributions of John Hunter during the eighteenth century derived from his collections and systematization of the abnormal in man, and it was this emphasis on the abnormal, the pathological, that channeled the discussions as it provided the data for the interpretations of racial differences, their origins, and their meanings throughout the nineteenth and into the twentieth centuries. Only with the emergence of the concept of population and its linkage to genetics does a pathological view of human variability and change for the meaning of races lose its appeal and importance. There is then a complex interplay of data and theory in any science that affects both the kinds of data collected and the theory that results. Further, the exact nature of this interplay is situationally determined, that is, it is a function of the particular intellectual milieu that itself is a product of a time-centered sociocultural system. Thus, science, whatever the phenomena with which it deals, is a part of culture, and each science is part of a culture. Man's self-awareness accounts in only a very general way for his anthropological concerns. If one adds the awareness of differences occasioned by the group contacts that human mobility ensures, it is not difficult to recognize that the existence and consequent description of human differences-any of which could have severe social consequences-are continuing problems in the creation and maintenance of "thought systems" and/or culturally defined environments. Such a process was particularly noteworthy in the Western intellectual tradition not only because of the increased awareness of human differences that, at various times, more intense mobility and migration produced, but also because of the ability, through writing, to record such differences, a record that in its accumulation provided data that demanded some form of classification and systematization, which, in turn, raised the common problems of the classificatory level of modern science. Both the accumulation and use of the data concerning human differences led within the Accepted for publication 22 December 1969.
157 citations
TL;DR: In exponentially growing and dividing cells of Streptococcus faecalis, it is proposed that the leading edge of the annularly closing cross wall is the point of extension for both cross wall and peripheral wall.
Abstract: In exponentially growing and dividing cells of Streptococcus faecalis, it is proposed that the leading edge of the annularly closing cross wall is the point of extension for both cross wall and peripheral wall. Peripheral wall extension is thought to be produced by the separation or splitting of the cross wall at its junction with peripheral wall. This results in the pushing of the equatorial wall bands, found on S. faecalis walls, to subsequatorial positions. These bands therefore mark the separation of old wall from new wall. Mesosomal formation was observed usually to precede cross wall initiation.
TL;DR: Findings support the role of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase as a regulatory enzyme in the glycer oneogenic sequence and suggest that glyceroneogenesis is important in adipose tissue for the maintenance of free fatty acid esterification.
TL;DR: Secretin appeared to have a greater inhibitory effect on acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin than on histamine-stimulated secretion, and inhibition of acid secretion similar in magnitude to that produced by secretin was observed following the administration of cholecystokinin.
TL;DR: Amino acid analysis of proteolytic enzyme digests of proteins and polypeptides tested revealed that practically all of the incorporated radioactivity was as e - N -acetyllysine, the presence of which was confirmed by paper chromatography.
TL;DR: A temporal difference in the synthesis of histones and acidic proteins during the transition of G0 cells to the S phase is indicated and it is suggested that acidic nuclear proteins may be involved in the control of cell proliferation in mammalian cells.
Patent•
16 Oct 1970TL;DR: In this article, a thread system for holding fluids has been proposed, where the male threads are made of a relatively deformable plastic material, such male threads having a reverse downward angle and having parallel upper and lower edges, and the female threads having interengaging upward angled threads, the upward angle of the female member being greater than that of the male member such that upon threaded engagement the male thread hook within the female thread and are stressed into a strengthened engagement.
Abstract: In a container for holding fluids having a neck portion through which the fluid is poured and a head portion, or cap which threadedly engages the neck portion, a thread system wherein the neck, or male threads are made of a relatively deformable plastic material, such male threads having a reverse downward angle and having parallel upper and lower edges, and the cap, or female member, being made of a harder less deformable material and having interengaging upward angled threads, the upward angle of the female member being greater than that of the male member such that upon threaded engagement the male threads hook within the female threads and are stressed into a strengthened engagement.
TL;DR: Comparisons show that vital statistics derived from death certificates of infants dying during the neonatal period must be interpreted with great caution in certain of the major categories, as data so derived do not appear to reflect the actual frequency of these processes as causes of death.
TL;DR: An enzyme which methylates the e-amino group of lysine residues in histones was solubilized from calf thymus nuclei and practically all of the endogenous methylation activity (enzyme activity without added exogenous histone) was eliminated.
TL;DR: In the earliest stages of the development of mouse embryos, RNA synthesis can be blocked without inhibition of protein synthesis; but stopping protein synthesis depresses RNA synthesis.
Abstract: In the earliest stages of the development of mouse embryos, RNA synthesis can be blocked without inhibition of protein synthesis; but stopping protein synthesis depresses RNA synthesis.
TL;DR: Evidence supporting the involvement of autolysin activity in continued wall extension and in cell separation as well as in the initiation of new sites of wall extension was obtained.
Abstract: Low concentrations of glutaraldehyde (0.1% or higher) blocked cellular and wall autolysis. The site of autolytic activity was studied by allowing cell autolysis to proceed for very short periods (0 to 15 min) before addition of glutaraldehyde. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed that the primary site of autolytic activity was the leading edge of the nascent cross wall. The base of the cross wall seemed more resistant than the tip. Evidence supporting the involvement of autolysin activity in continued wall extension and in cell separation as well as in the initiation of new sites of wall extension was obtained. In cells exposed for 10 min to chloramphenicol, wall dissolution was very much slower but occurred at the same cross wall site.
TL;DR: Experiments presented here suggest that control of gene expression mediated by juvenile hormone is at the translational level and involves the appearance of a new transfer RNA and its activating enzyme.
TL;DR: Administration of large amounts of insulin appears to overcome the age-dependent deterioration of regulatory capacity and allow fasted aged rats to respond to glucose refeeding by restoring glucokinase activity to its initial fed value.
TL;DR: Patients who received an explanation of the process of psychotherapy and the suggestion that the patient should improve in a few months were found by the therapists to be less likable than those who did not.
Abstract: An explanation of the process of psychotherapy combined with the suggestion that the patient should improve in a few months has been shown to produce better therapy results. The present study sought to determine whether the explanation or the suggestion was the more powerful aid to improvement. It a
TL;DR: This nucleus was identified in four cats, four dogs and nine human spinal cords, but was not identifiable in seven other human specimens, and in all three species the nucleus extends rostrally into the lower third of the medulla.
Abstract: This nucleus was identified in four cats, four dogs and nine human spinal cords, but was not identifiable in seven other human specimens. In all three species the nucleus extends rostrally into the lower third of the medulla. Cell measurements of the perikarya yielded a mean diameter of 34.1 μ in the dog, 26.7 μ in the cat, and 15.7 μ in man. Nuclear diameters as well as the nucleus-cytoplasm and volume ratios were determined. The lateral cervical nucleus is considered to be rudimentary in man and was a well-defined structure in only 2 of 16 specimens. In one of these two cases a total of 5173 cells were counted in the nuclei of both sides at the C1 and medullary levels. The pertinence of these observations to the preservation of tactile sensation after injury of the dorsal columns in man, is discussed.
TL;DR: Thin sections of Streptococcus faecalis starved of one essential amino acid show rapid increases in cell wall thickness, the apparent size of the central nucleoid region, and mesosomal membranes, which agree with previously published biochemical data on membrane lipid and wall content after starvation.
Abstract: Thin sections of Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 9790) starved of one essential amino acid (threonine or valine) initially show rapid increases in (i) cell wall thickness, (ii) the apparent size of the central nucleoid region, and (iii) mesosomal membranes. The most rapid increases in all three variables occurred during the first 1 to 2 hr of starvation. After this initial period, the rates progressively decreased over the 20-hr observation period. During threonine starvation, the mesosomal membrane that accumulated in the first hour was subsequently degraded and reached a level similar to that found in exponential-phase cells after 20 hr. With valine starvation, mesosomal membrane continued to slowly accumulate over the entire 20-hr observation period. The mesosomes of the starved cells retained the same “stalked-bag” morphology of those in exponential-phase cells. These cytological observations agree with previously published biochemical data on membrane lipid and wall content after starvation.
TL;DR: It is concluded that pyruvate carboxylase in lipogenic tissues is similar antigenically to the enzyme in gluconeogenic tissues and that the soluble activities of pyruVate car boxylase detected in many rat tissues do not represent discrete enzymes but are the result of mitochondrial damage during tissue homogenization.
Abstract: 1. Pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), purified from rat liver mitochondria to a specific activity of 14 units/mg, was used for the preparation of antibodies in rabbits. 2. Tissue distribution studies showed that pyruvate carboxylase was present in all rat tissues that were tested, with considerable activities both in gluconeogenic tissues such as liver and kidney and in tissues with high rates of lipogenesis such as white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, adrenal gland and lactating mammary gland. 3. Immunochemical titration experiments with the specific antibodies showed no differences between the inactivation of pyruvate carboxylase from mitochondrial or soluble fractions of liver, kidney, mammary gland, brown adipose tissue or white adipose tissue. 4. The antibodies were relatively less effective in reactions against pyruvate carboxylase from sheep liver than against the enzyme from rat tissues. 5. Pyruvate carboxylase antibodies did not inactivate either propionyl-CoA carboxylase or acetyl-CoA carboxylase from rat liver. 6. It is concluded that pyruvate carboxylase in lipogenic tissues is similar antigenically to the enzyme in gluconeogenic tissues and that the soluble activities of pyruvate carboxylase detected in many rat tissues do not represent discrete enzymes but are the result of mitochondrial damage during tissue homogenization.