Showing papers by "Texas A&M University published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a bed-of-nails model for the asperities of the fracture to determine the variation with pressure of the permeability of whole and fractures porous rock.
532 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study showed that myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) accounted for more than 50% of the variation in loin steak tenderness and was a more important effector of tenderness in Loin steaks than collagen solubility or sarcomere length.
Abstract: Loin steaks from 78 carcasses of A, B, C and E maturities were categorized into three tenderness groups on the basis of sensory tenderness scores and Warner-Bratzler (W-B) shear force values. Myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), sarcomere length, total and soluble collagen, moisture, fat and pH values were determined for these steaks. Carcass characteristics were also measured. The physical, chemical and sensory values were statistically analyzed to determine the relationship of these values, especially the relationship and the importance of myofibril fragmentation to tenderness of loin steaks. Results of this study showed that myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) accounted for more than 50% of the variation in loin steak tenderness and that myofibril fragmentation was a more important effector of tenderness in loin steaks than collagen solubility or sarcomere length. The steaks used in this study varied widely in marbling degree and maturity; therefore, MFI should be an excellent predictor of broiled loin steak tenderness. Although a number of significant correlations were observed between MFI and carcass characteristics, none of these was of practical importance because they accounted for little of the variation in tenderness.
488 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that non‐specific iron is a chelatable compound which is readily available for transferrin binding, and its identification in thalassaemic sera might be of relevance to the pathogenesis of tissue damage and the protective effect of iron chelating therapy in this disease.
Abstract: Iron binding in the sera of 35 patients with beta thalassaemia major and intermedia was studied. In patients receiving regular blood transfusions since infancy transferrin was completely saturated and about 2.7--7.1 mumol/l of the serum iron could be removed by dialysis or ultrafiltration in the presence of a chelating agent or by filtration on DEAE-Sephadex-catecholdisulphonic acid columns. In contrast, less than 1.0 mumol/l of transferrin bound iron was removed when subjected to the same procedures. The non-specific iron of thalassaemic sera could no longer be demonstrated after incubation with normal serum. These findings indicate that non-specific iron is a chelatable with normal serum. These findings indicate that non-specific iron is a chelatable compound which is readily available for transferrin binding. In view of the known toxicity of unbound iron, its identification in thalassaemic sera might be of relevance to the pathogenesis of tissue damage and the protective effect of iron chelating therapy in this disease.
407 citations
TL;DR: Isolation of variants from the three phenotypic forms has shown that each of the infectious forms is heterogeneous and that no segregation of genotypes among the three forms was evident.
373 citations
TL;DR: Pyranine is shown to be a convenient and sensitive probe for reporting pH values, pHi, at the interior of anionic and at the outer surface of cationic liposomes, and in the presence of sodium acetate proton equilibration is promptly established.
322 citations
TL;DR: The phthalate plasticizers were found in almost all samples analyzed; DEHP was present at higher concentrations than the PCB's or DDT's in water and sediment.
Abstract: Phthalate ester plasticizers have been detected in the open-ocean environment. Samples consisting of water, sediment, air, and biota from the Gulf of Mexico and of water and air from the North Atlantic were analyzed and found to contain two phthalate esters, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-dibutyl phthalate (DBP): the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and DDT's (p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE) were also determined. Like the ubiquitous PCB's and DDT's, the phthalate plasticizers were found in almost all samples analyzed; DEHP was present at higher concentrations than the PCB's or DDT's in water and sediment. The environmental impact of the concentrations found in these studies, coupled with the continued high production and wise use of these plasticizers, requires assessment.
312 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if a scalar field has the Hadamard singularity structure in an open neighborhood of a Cauchy surface, then it does so everywhere.
Abstract: In the point-splitting prescription for renormalizing the stress-energy tensor of a scalar field in curved spacetime, it is assumed that the anticommutator expectation valueG(x, x′)=〈o(x)o(x′)+o(x′)o(x)〉 has a singularity of the Hadamard form asx→x′. We prove here that ifG(x,x′) has the Hadamard singularity structure in an open neighborhood of a Cauchy surface, then it does so everywhere, i.e., Cauchy evolution preserves the Hadamard singularity structure. In particular, in a spacetime which is flat below a Cauchy surface, for the “in” vacuum stateG(x,x′) is of the Hadamard form everywhere, and thus the point-splitting prescription in this case has been rigorously shown to give meaningful, finite answers.
239 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of adding propyl gallate (PG) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the distillation 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test of fish and meat samples was determined with the purpose of minimizing further oxidation of lipids during the test.
Abstract: The effect of adding propyl gallate (PG) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the distillation 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test of fish and meat samples was determined with the purpose of minimizing further oxidation of lipids during the test. Also determined was the effect of chilled blending on TBA values. The addition of PG and EDTA to the distillation mixture substantially lowered TBA values of catfish samples, while it did not show any significant effect on beef, pork, and chicken samples. Chilled blending also was effective for fish samples, although less effective than adding PG and EDTA in distillation; it did not have perceptible effect on meat samples. The addition of PG and EDTA in the blending process (the initial Step of the test) was most effective for both fish and meat samples. The differences in the results between fish and meat samples have been discussed in terms of general differences in fatty acid composition of fish and meat. Finally, the addition of PG and EDTA in the blending process is recommended in the distillation TBA test of fish and meat, particularly of fish, to minimize further lipid oxidation occurring during the test.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionations associated with the production of lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons by pyrolysis of normal octadecane were determined as a function of time, temperature and catalysis.
212 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model for the joint distribution of bivariate random variables when one variable is directional and one is scalar is proposed, based on the maximum entropy principle and by the specification of the marginal distributions.
Abstract: Parametric models are proposed for the joint distribution of bivariate random variables when one variable is directional and one is scalar. These distributions are developed on the basis of the maximum entropy principle and by the specification of the marginal distributions. The properties of these distributions and the statistical analysis of regression models based on these distributions are explored. One model is extended to several variables in a form that justifies the use of least squares for estimation of parameters, conditional on the observed angles.
199 citations
TL;DR: The theory of public goods can clarify and explain some complex problems of operationalizing the social responsibility doctrine as mentioned in this paper, and an examination of philanthropy provides some behavioral applications, which can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Much recent discussion of corporate social responsibility has concerned operationality. Many activities subsumed under corporate social responsibility can be shown to be public or partially public goods. The theory of public goods can clarify and explain some complex problems of operationalizing the social responsibility doctrine. An examination of philanthropy provides some behavioral applications.
TL;DR: The consistency of ΔHCO3− values of Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella sp.
TL;DR: In this paper, the second-order differential equation which describes boundary layer flow when Crocco variables are employed under several different endpoint conditions is examined under weak expansion and shock waves and for flow above a moving conveyor belt.
TL;DR: Reproduction and genetics of the goat are reviewed with a view of increasing their contribution to mankind and excellent genotypes for producing milk and fiber are available, but adaptation to tropical conditions is needed.
TL;DR: In this article, coupled-state calculations of proton-hydrogen-atom scattering using a scaled hydrogenic basis set have been performed, and the results are reported on in this paper.
Abstract: Coupled-state calculations of proton---hydrogen-atom scattering using a scaled hydrogenic basis set have been performed, and the results are reported on in this paper. Thirty-five basis functions, centered about each proton, were included in the expansion of the electron wave function. Cross sections for direct excitation and charge transfer to the $n=1, 2, \mathrm{and} 3$ levels, and for ionization, have been calculated. The results for ionization indicate that charge transfer to the continuum dominates over direct ionization at proton energies below about 60 keV. The charge distribution has been plotted as a function of time at an energy of 40 keV and impact parameter of 1.5 a.u.; the plot illustrates the considerable distortion of the electron cloud caused by the passing proton.
TL;DR: Juvenile Tilapia aurea were fed diets containing fish meal, soybean meal, or mixtures of these to provide 15, 22, 29, or 36% dietary protein this article.
Abstract: Juvenile Tilapia aurea were fed diets containing fish meal, soybean meal, or mixtures of these to provide 15, 22, 29, or 36% dietary protein. Average daily gain and food conversions were determined over a 12-week period. Growth rates of fish fed the 36% protein diets were greater than those fed the other protein levels. Within each protein level, the 100% fish meal diets produced the greatest growth, although no differences were observed between any of the protein sources when fed at the 36% protein level. No significant correlations were observed between protein level or source and body protein composition.
TL;DR: The data of the present study suggest that aging of U.S. Choice beef carcasses for 11 days will optimize tenderness, flavor and overall palatability of the majority of the muscles in steaks and/or roasts from the chuck, rib, loin and round when such cuts are cooked via oven-broiling or roasting.
Abstract: U.S. Choice beef carcasses (n = 126) were aged, 21 carcasses per storage period, for 5, 8, 11, 14, 21 or 28 days in a 1 ± 1°C, 87 ± 7% R.H. cooler. Sensory panel ratings revealed that flavor, tenderness and overall palatability of oven-broiled loin steaks were optimal after 11 days of aging and that aging for more than 11 days did not result in further improvements in any of the sensory characteristics. Panel tenderness ratings for five muscles from oven-broiled or roasted chuck, rib and round cuts suggested that aging for 11 days appeared to optimize tenderization, inasmuch as further aging did not accomplish further increases in tenderness. Although 8 of 20 muscles achieved minimal shear force requirements after 5 or 8 days of aging, the other 12 muscles used for shear force determinations required 11 or more days of aging to achieve maximal tenderization response. The data of the present study suggest that aging of U.S. Choice beef carcasses for 11 days will optimize tenderness, flavor and overall palatability of the majority of the muscles in steaks and/or roasts from the chuck, rib, loin and round when such cuts are cooked via oven-broiling or roasting.
TL;DR: The Bransfield Strait as mentioned in this paper contains three basins separated from one another by sills less than 1500 m deep and from adjacent ocean areas by depth near or less than 500 m, except for a channel to the northeast of slightly over 1100 m depth.
Abstract: Hydrographic data were obtained within the Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters during February and March 1975 by R/V Conrad and R/V Melville as part of FDRAKE 75. Within the Strait the circumpolar Deep Water is either missing or its influence is weak. The salinity maximum, oxygen minimum and silicate maximum present in the upper layers of the Strait attenuate toward the east, demonstrating the eastward decrease of Bellingshausen Sea influence. The Strait contains three basins separated from one another by sills less than 1500 m deep and from adjacent ocean areas by depth near or less than 500 m, except for a channel to the northeast of slightly over 1100 m depth. The deep and bottom waters of these basins, with depths to nearly 2600 m, are significantly colder, less saline, higher in oxygen and lower in nutrient concentrations than the deep exterior water adjacent to the Strait. These characteristics confirm Clowes' (1934) contention that the waters of these basins are renewed by local convecti...
TL;DR: In this article, a new class of reaction called "massive transfer" was proposed, which involves fusion of the remaining mass of the projectile mass. But the results of the experiments were limited.
Abstract: Particle-..gamma.. coincidence experiments have been performed to study heavy-ion--induced reactions at 6--9 MeV/nucleon which lead to fast ..cap alpha.. particles. Experimental evidence is presented that the ..cap alpha.. particles are emitted in a new class of reaction called ''massive transfer'' which involves fusion of the remaining projectile mass. Such reactions are shown to occur with large cross section. High-spin states in the residual nuclei are populated, but side-feeding ..gamma..-ray intensities are distinctly different from those observed in (HI, chin..gamma..) reactions (HI is heavy ion).
TL;DR: Field tests were conducted in East Texas to evaluate the influence of 7 behavioral chemicals on the flight and landing behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and verbenone synergized the activity of frontalin and substituted for host tree volatiles, α -pinene and loblolly turpentine.
Abstract: Field tests were conducted in East Texas in 1973–77 to evaluate the influence of 7 behavioral chemicals on the flight and landing behavior of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman. A mixture of frontalin plus host tree volatiles attracted flying beetles within an infestation. Trans -verbenol synergized the activity of frontalin and substituted for host tree volatiles, α -pinene and loblolly turpentine. Verbenone in a 1:1 ratio with frontalin did not significantly affect trap catch. At higher concentrations of verbenone, trap catch was significantly reduced. Endo -brevicomin inhibited trap catch when added to an attractant-baited trap. Exo -brevicomin showed no inhibitory effect. Traps with a 1:4 mixture of Endo -brevicomin and verbenone plus an attractant caught significantly fewer beetles than traps with the attractant plus either one of the inhibitors.
TL;DR: The purification of the enzyme and its general physical and enzymological properties are discussed and possible mechanisms for the action of the enzymes are discussed.
Abstract: This is the first of a series of four articles in which the chemical, enzymological, and crystallographic work on Ribonucleate (deoxyribonucleate)-3′-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.7, (Staphylococcal nuclease, Micrococcal nuclease) will be reviewed and correlated. This article discusses the purification of the enzyme and its general physical and enzymological properties. Subsequent articles will deal with specific studies of the nucleotide binding site, crystallographic studies of a nuclease-inhibitor complex, use of the nuclease as a model for protein folding and possible mechanisms for the action of the enzyme.
TL;DR: In this paper, the real area of contact has been determined, and measurements of the maximum and average surface temperatures generated during frictional sliding along precut surfaces in Tennessee sandstone have been made, through the use of thermodyes.
Abstract: The real area of contact has been determined, and measurements of the maximum and average surface temperatures generated during frictional sliding along precut surfaces in Tennessee sandstone have been made, through the use of thermodyes. Triaxial tests have been made at 50 MPa confining pressure and constant displacement rates of 10−2 to 10−6 cm/sec, and displacements up to 0.4 cm. At 0.2 cm of stable sliding, the maximum temperature decreases with decreasing nominal displacement rate from between 1150° to 1175°C at 10−2 cm/sec to between 75° to 115°C at 10−3 cm/sec. The average temperature of the surface is between 75 and 115°C at 10−2 cm/sec, but shows no rise from room temperature at 10−3 cm/sec. At 0.4 cm displacement, and in the stick-slip mode, as the nominal displacement rate decreases from 10−3 to 10−6 cm/sec, the maximum temperature decreases from between 1120° to 1150°C to between 1040° to 1065°C. The average surface temperature is 115° to 135°C at displacement rates from 2.6 × 10−3 to 10−4 cm/sec.
TL;DR: In this paper, the partial welfare effects of alternative erosion control methods, banning insecticides, banning herbicides, and limiting nitrogen fertilizer in the Corn Belt are examined. But the welfare effects are partial since they reflect the change in consumers' plus producers' surplus arising from the production and consumption of corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, hay, and pasture but not the environmental benefits associated with pollution abatement or the administrative and enforcement cost of the policies.
Abstract: The partial welfare effects of alternative erosion control methods, banning insecticides, banning herbicides, and limiting nitrogen fertilizer in the Corn Belt are examined. The estimated welfare effects are partial since they reflect the change in consumers' plus producers' surplus arising from the production and consumption of corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, hay, and pasture but not the environmental benefits associated with pollution abatement or the administrative and enforcement cost of the policies. A large linear programming model of crop production in the Corn Belt was used to make the estimates.
TL;DR: The theoretical basis is developed for a population model which allows the use of constant temperature experimental data in predicting the size of an insect population for any variable temperature environment and the key concept in the model is the utilization of a physiological time scale.
TL;DR: The authors examined the popular view of the social responsibility of business as advanced by George Steiner, Keith Davis and others and the traditional position so frequently associated with ec... and examined the "popular" view of business and its social responsibility.
Abstract: This paper examines the “popular” view of the social responsibility of business as advanced by George Steiner, Keith Davis and others and the “traditional” position so frequently associated with ec...
TL;DR: Elucidation of determinants of intake of grazed forage must consider component attributes of the forage-animal-grazing system complex and express such attributes in quantitative expressions to predict the net result of these dynamic processes.
TL;DR: The current status of theory and research in organizational climate is reviewed in this article, where the authors present a review of the current state of the art in the area of organizational climate.
Abstract: Current status of theory and research in organizational climate is reviewed. Major research questions surrounding organizational climate are: (a) Are perceptual and objective measures of climate measuring the same construct? (b) Do perceptual measures of climate measure attributes of people or attributes of organizations? (c) Does the concept of climate merely duplicate other concepts such as job satisfaction? Some research trends are examined and suggestions for future research are made.