Showing papers by "Tilburg University published in 1991"
Book•
01 Jan 1991TL;DR: This new book deals with even more key concepts in discourse studies and approaches major issues in this field from the Anglo-American and European as well as the Australian traditions.
Abstract: Introduction to Discourse Studies follows on Jan Renkema’s successful Discourse Studies: An Introductory Textbook (1993), published in four languages. This new book deals with even more key concepts in discourse studies and approaches major issues in this field from the Anglo-American and European as well as the Australian traditions. It provides a ‘scientific toolkit’ for future courses on discourse studies and serves as a stepping stone to the independent study of professional literature. Introduction to Discourse Studies is the result of more than twenty-five years of experience gained in doing research and teaching students, professionals and academics at various universities. The book is organized in fifteen comprehensive chapters, each subdivided in modular sections that can be studied separately. It includes • 400 references, from the most-cited contemporary publications to influential classic works; • 500 index entries covering frequently used concepts in the field; • more than 100 thought-provoking questions, all elaborately answered, which are ideal for teacher-supported self-education; • nearly 100 assignments that provide ample material for teachers to focus on specific topics of their own preference in their lectures. Jan Renkema is a member of the Department of Communication and Information Sciences at Tilburg University, The Netherlands. He is also editor of Discourse, of Course (2009) and author of The Texture of Discourse (2009). In 2009, a Chinese edition of Introduction to Discourse Studies was published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
331 citations
TL;DR: Autistic children individually matched for mental age with normal subjects were tested on memory for unfamiliar faces and on lip reading ability as discussed by the authors, and the results showed that autistic children are poorer than controls in memory for faces but comparable to controls in lip reading.
Abstract: Autistic children individually matched for mental age with normal subjects were tested on memory for unfamiliar faces and on lip reading ability. The results show that autistic children are poorer than controls in memory for faces but comparable to controls in lip-reading. Autistic children show little influence on their auditory speech perception from visual speech. The results are discussed in relation to Bruce and Young's (1986) model of face recognition. The independence between facial speech and memory for faces is in accordance with this model but is only observed in autistic subjects.
218 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the Shapley value of these projected games can be interpreted as an index that measures the power of the players in the permission structure, and that the collection of these games forms a subspace of the vector space of all games with side payments on a specified player set.
Abstract: This paper is devoted to the game theoretic analysis of decision situations, in which the players have veto power over the actions undertaken by certain other players. We give a full characterization of the dividends in these games with a permission structure. We find that the collection of these games forms a subspace of the vector space of all games with side payments on a specified player set. Two applications of these results are provided. The first one deals with the projection of additive games on a permission structure. It is shown that the Shapley value of these projected games can be interpreted as an index that measures the power of the players in the permission structure. The second application applies the derived results on games, where the organization structure can be analysed separately from the production capacities of the participating players.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors distinguish between stock and flow externalities arising from pollution and show that an increase in impatience can lead to more capital accumulation, even though this leaves less room for current consumption.
Abstract: Pollution is an inevitable by-product of production and is only gradually dissolved by the environment. It can be reduced by producing less and by cleaning up the environment, but neither occur when they are left to the market. Cleaning activities and the optimal emission charges increase with the stock of pollutants. When one allows for pollution of the environment in the classical Ramsey problem, the capital stock is less than in the market outcome and a fortiori less than under the golden rule. The analysis distinguishes between stock and flow externalities arising from pollution. An increase in impatience can lead to more capital accumulation, even though this leaves less room for current consumption.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a discussion of the arguments in support of this general statement, followed by an overview of available data on non-take-up in various western European countries is presented.
Abstract: The phenomenon of non-take-up of social security benefits has social policy implications and is therefore a relevant subject for study for social policy analysts. This article starts with a discussion of the arguments in support of this general statement, followed by an overview of available data on non-take-up in various western European countries. Britain, and to a lesser extent the former West Germany and the Netherlands, are exceptions to the general rule that in European countries very little is known about the incidence of non-take-up.Not only from an academic point of view, but also from the viewpoint of any policy- maker trying to take measures which could solve the problem, the reasons for non-take- up are of great relevance. Research into the factors affecting (non)take-up is reviewed and the actual 'state of the art' in the theoretical modelling of the phenomenon of (non)take-up is presented and discussed. At the end of this article an alternative 'three-t-model' is presented, on factors affect...
154 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the Tobit model is used to explain the budget share that Dutch families spend on vacations. But, the model does not take account of the substantial number of zero shares, and two types of models are used: a single-equation censored regression model and a conditional regression model, where the participation decision and the amount to spend are treated separately.
Abstract: We analyse several limited dependent variable models explaining the budget share that Dutch families spend on vacations. To take account of the substantial number of zero shares, two types of models are used. The first is the single-equation censored regression model. We estimate and test several parametric and semiparametric extensions of the Tobit model. Second, we consider two-equation models, in which the participation decision and the decision on the amount to spend are treated separately. The first decision is modelled as a binary choice model; the second as a conditional regression. We estimate and test parametric and semiparametric specifications. Copyright 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.) (This abstract was borrowed from another version of t (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
150 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors model (myopic) habit formation, interdependence of preferences among consumers, and demographic effects as taste shifters in a micro consumer demand model of the almost ideal demand variety.
Abstract: The authors model (myopic) habit formation, interdependence of preferences among consumers, and demographic effects as taste shifters in a micro consumer demand model of the almost ideal demand variety. The model is estimated for Dutch micro data. The authors investigate the dynamic properties of the model and find that it behaves very differently from models without interdependence of preferences. The implications for micro-macro modeling are discussed. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
145 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the stimulus-preceding negativity is an anticipatory component contingent upon the presentation of an informative feedback signal and that the P300 to the feedback signal was also larger following a true as compared to a false feedback signal.
Abstract: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a time estimation task under different feedback conditions, in which the informative value of the feedback signals (true versus false) was manipulated. A control condition was added in which no signal was presented. Fifteen subjects pressed a button 3 seconds after presentation of a warning signal. Two seconds after the response, a visual feedback signal was presented, indicating whether the preceding interval was estimated correctly. Two different slow waves were observed: the response was preceded by a readiness potential and the feedback stimulus was preceded by a negative slow wave called the stimulus-preceding negativity. The readiness potential was not influenced by the different feedback conditions. The stimulus-preceding negativity was larger in the true feedback condition compared to the false feedback and no feedback conditions. The P300 to the feedback signal was also larger following a true as compared to a false feedback signal. The conclusion is that the stimulus-preceding negativity is an anticipatory component contingent upon the presentation of an informative feedback signal.
86 citations
TL;DR: Retarded readers were poorer than both control groups in consonant deletion, while there was no difference between the groups on a rhyme-judgement task and a syllabic-vowel-reproduction task.
Abstract: In Experiment 1, the performance of young retarded readers on speech-segmentation tasks was compared with the performance of normal subjects matched for chronological age (CA) and with subjects matched for reading age (RA). Retarded readers were poorer than both control groups in consonant deletion, while there was no difference between the groups on a rhyme-judgement task and a syllabic-vowel-reproduction task. In Experiment 2, another group of reading retarded children was compared with CA and RA controls on the classification of pseudo-words, either by common phoneme or by overall phonetic similarity. The retarded readers made fewer classifications based on common phoneme than both control groups, while there was no difference between the groups in classifications based on overall phonetic similarity. In Experiment 3, adult developmental dyslexics were compared with normal adults in the tasks of Experiments 1 and 2. The dyslexics made fewer classifications based on a common phoneme than the normals, while no difference was found in classifications based on overall phonetic similarity.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a characterization of the n-person Nash bargaining solutions which does not involve Nash's Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives axiom, but mainly uses axioms which concern changes in the disagreement point and leave the feasible set fixed.
Abstract: We provide a new characterization of the n-person Nash bargaining solutions which does not involve Nash's Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives axiom, but mainly uses axioms which concern changes in the disagreement point and leave the feasible set fixed. The main axiom requires a convex combination of a disagreement point and the corresponding solution point to give rise to that same solution point. Further, we describe how the disagreement point approach can be applied to other bargaining solutions. The main result of the latter part is a first characterization of the so-called Continuous Raiffa solution.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the joint distribution of the successive sojourn times of a tagged customer at his loops through the system is determined, and the feedback probabilities approach one in such a way that the mean total required service time remains constant.
Abstract: The central model of this paper is anM/M/1 queue with a general probabilistic feedback mechanism. When a customer completes his ith service, he departs from the system with probability 1−p(i) and he cycles back with probabilityp(i). The mean service time of each customer is the same for each cycle. We determine the joint distribution of the successive sojourn times of a tagged customer at his loops through the system. Subsequently we let the mean service time at each loop shrink to zero and the feedback probabilities approach one in such a way that the mean total required service time remains constant. The behaviour of the feedback queue then approaches that of anM/G/1 processor sharing queue, different choices of the feedback probabilities leading to different service time distributions in the processor sharing model. This is exploited to analyse the sojourn time distribution in theM/G/1 queue with processor sharing.
TL;DR: In this paper, a warning stimulus was followed after 3 s by an acoustic response stimulus, and the bilateral late component R2 was enhanced when the reflex eliciting stimulus preceded the warning stimulus.
Abstract: In a warned Go/No-Go reaction time experiment blink reflexes were elicited electrically immediately before, at, and shortly after the onset of a low intensity acoustic warning stimulus. This provided the opportunity to study the mutual effects of two stimuli of different modalities arriving at the facial nucleus. The warning stimulus was followed after 3 s by an acoustic response stimulus. Sixteen subjects participated in the experiment. They were informed by the response stimulus if a response (a voluntary blink of the right eye) was required. R1 magnitude was increased from 10 ms to 100 ms after warning stimulus onset, with a pronounced peak at 50 ms. The bilateral late component R2 was enhanced when the reflex eliciting stimulus preceded the warning stimulus. Between 20 ms and 30 ms after warning stimulus onset, R2 returned to control level, whereas an eliciting stimulus presented 40 ms or later after warning stimulus onset produced a pronounced inhibition. R2 latency was facilitated immediately after warning stimulus onset. It was concluded that the mutual effects of stimuli of different modalities can be interpreted only if the moment of arrival at the motor nucleus is taken into consideration.
TL;DR: In spite of the massive research effort in this area, very little work has been devoted to the issue of how to efficiently operate these systems as mentioned in this paper, despite the fact that polling systems have been used as a central model for the modeling and analysis of many communication systems.
Abstract: Polling systems have been used as a central model for the modeling and analysis of many communication systems. Examples include the Token Ring network and a communications switch. The common property of these systems is the need to efficiently share a single resource (server) amongN entities (stations). In spite of the massive research effort in this area, very little work has been devoted to the issue of how toefficiently operate these systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated relations between convexity of the underlying game and the two communication games and provided necessary and sufficient conditions on the communication graph such that the communication games are convex.
Abstract: A communication situation consists of a game and a communication graph. By introducing two different types of corresponding communication games, point games and arc games, the Myerson value and the position value of a communication situation were introduced. This paper investigates relations between convexity of the underlying game and the two communication games. In particular, assuming the underlying game to be convex, necessary and sufficient conditions on the communication graph are provided such that the communication games are convex. Moreover, under the same conditions, it is shown that the Myerson value and the posi tion value are in the core of the point game. Some remarks are made on superadditivity and balancedness.
TL;DR: A method for investigating whether a set of items satisfies the conditions of a ‘latent scale’ based on an adaptation of the latent class model in which the requirement of ‘double monotony’ is translated into systems of inequalities on the item response probabilities.
Abstract: A method for investigating whether a set of items satisfies the conditions of a ‘latent scale’ is proposed. It is based on an adaptation of the latent class model in which the requirement of ‘double monotony’ is translated into systems of inequalities on the item response probabilities. The problem of obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters is discussed. Finally, this method is applied to real data from a large survey.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated relations between convexity of the underlying game and the two communication games and provided necessary and sufficient conditions on the communication graph such that the communication games are convex.
Abstract: A communication situation consists of a game and a communication graph. By introducing two different types of corresponding communication games, point games and arc games, the Myerson value and the position value of a communication situation were introduced. This paper investigates relations between convexity of the underlying game and the two communication games. In particular, assuming the underlying game to be convex, necessary and sufficient conditions on the communication graph are provided such that the communication games are convex. Moreover, under the same conditions, it is shown that the Myerson value and the posi tion value are in the core of the point game. Some remarks are made on superadditivity and balancedness.
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: This paper considers a framework in which a predetermined fixed visit order is used to establish the order by which the server visits the stations, and addresses the problem of how to construct an efficient (optimal) polling table.
Abstract: Polling systems have been used as a central model for the modeling and analysis of many communication systems. Examples include the Token Ring network and a communications switch. The common property of these systems is the need to efficiently share a single resource (server) amongN entities (stations). In spite of the massive research effort in this area, very little work has been devoted to the issue of how toefficiently operate these systems.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the effects of budgetary policies in a two-country model of overlapping generations and endogenous growth and show that a relative rise in one country's debt to GDP ratio or its GDP share of government consumption results in a fall in external assets and its relative savings rate.
Abstract: We investigate the effects of budgetary policies in a two-country model of overlapping generations and endogenous growth. In the presence of capital mobility, endogenous growth rates are equalized, but output levels do not converge. A worldwide rise in the public debt to GDP ratio or the share of government consumption reduces savings and growth. A relative rise in one country's debt to GDP ratio or its GDP share of government consumption results in a fall in external assets and its relative savings rate. In the short run, the fall in the savings rate is higher, and the country experiences higher current account deficits as a percentage of GDP.
TL;DR: The results indicate that US alone appears to be a safe diagnostic method in the management of outpatients with suspected DVT, and in the inpatient group further research is required for definite recommendations regarding a safe ultrasound follow-up schedule.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a model, published in 1932, in which explicitly rational expectations are used to study a dynamic problem of intertemporal inventory allocation, similar to Muth's model, except that the stochastic process in the latter is serially correlated, whereas in Tinbergen's model the disturbances are serially uncorrelated.
Abstract: This paper describes a model, published in 1932, in which explicitly rational expectations are used to study a dynamic problem of intertemporal inventory allocation. The model is very similar to Muth (1961), except that the stochastic process in the latter is serially correlated, whereas in Tinbergen's model the disturbances are serially uncorrelated. Hence, Tinbergen was able to solve a rational expectations model thirty years before Muth's much more well known contribution. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
TL;DR: It is argued that this effect can be explained by the fact that education and support increase or maintain the patient's feelings of control, and the conditions under which increasing the extent of perceived control is advantageous.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a non-cooperative bi-matrix game for which the Lemke-Howson method may fail to reach certain equilibria because it can only start from a limited number of strategy vectors.
Abstract: In this paper we consider the computation of Nash equilibria for noncooperative bi-matrix games. The standard method for finding a Nash equilibrium in such a game is the Lemke-Howson method. That method operates by solving a related linear complementarity problem (LCP). However, the method may fail to reach certain equilibria because it can only start from a limited number of strategy vectors. The method we propose here finds an equilibrium by solving a related stationary point problem (SPP). Contrary to the Lemke-Howson method it can start from almost any strategy vector. Besides, the path of vectors along which the equilibrium is reached has an appealing game-theoretic interpretation. An important feature of the algorithm is that it finds a perfect equilibrium when at the start all actions are played with positive probability. Furthermore, we can in principle find all Nash equilibria by repeated application of the algorithm starting from different strategy vectors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify factors that predict the first-and second-language proficiency of ethnic minority children at the age of 6 years, and make clear that two dimensions underlie the children's proficiency in either language: communicative skills versus cognitive/academic skills.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify factors that predict the first-and second-language proficiency of ethnic minority children at the age of 6 years. A sample of 72 six-year-old Turkish children, living in The Netherlands since their infant years, was identified prior to their entrance into the first grade of primary school. Predictor measures originating from the child, his or her family, and the institutional care the child had gone through were collected, along with direct and indirect first- and second-language proficiency measures. The results of the study make clear that two dimensions underlie the children's proficiency in either language: communicative skills versus cognitive/academic skills. Measures of the cultural orientation of the children and their parents turned out to be related to all of the proficiency levels under consideration. The extent of caretaker interaction in the first language was al so positively related to the children's bilingual proficiency level. Moreover, there was evidence for the notion of interdependency in bilingual development in that cognitive/academic abilities in the second language could be predicted from similar abilities in the first language.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the nonlinear regression model with errors that follow the multivariate Student-t distribution with ν degrees of freedom and provide general conditions on the overall prior structure under which the prior of ν is not updated by the sample information.
01 May 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that it is possible to turn a conventional conceptual model (in particular the Binary Relationship Model) into a truly object oriented conceptual model which combines the assets of the conventional model with the advantages of the object oriented approach.
Abstract: Conventional conceptual models like the Binary Relationship Model (also known as NIAM) or the Entity-Relationship Model do not fit well with the promising object oriented database systems. In this paper we show that is possible to turn such a conventional conceptual model (in particular the Binary Relationship Model) into a truly object oriented conceptual model which combines the assets of the conventional model with the advantages of the object oriented approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined models with a continuum of consumers and locations such that each consumer can purchase goods in only one location and showed that an approximation by economies with a finite number of consumers is shown to fail.
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TL;DR: In this paper, two modules of the microsimulation model NEDYMAS are presented: the demographic module and the education module, which are used to reconstruct the past and to generate the future Dutch household structure and the level of education of the Dutch population.
Abstract: Two modules of the microsimulation model NEDYMAS are presented: the demographic module and the education module. After a description of the ins and outs of microsimulation, both modules are presented. Next both modules are used to reconstruct the past and to generate the future Dutch household structure and the level of education of the Dutch population. Standard deviations are also shown for the year 1981.
TL;DR: In this article, two modules of the microsimulation model NEDYMAS are presented: the demographic module and the education module, which are used to reconstruct the past and to generate the future Dutch household structure and the level of education of the Dutch population.
TL;DR: In this article, a realistic subgame-perfect non-cooperative equilibrium is derived, which reinforces the case for international agreement on pollution control, and the benefits of international coordination of emission charges are estimated.