Showing papers by "Tulane University published in 1972"
TL;DR: It is proposed that the CL of PMN reflects the generation of singlet oxygen, 1 0 2 , which acts per , se , as the bactericidal and/or CL species.
969 citations
TL;DR: Deep and surface electroencephalograms were recorded during sexual arousal culminating in orgasm in 2 patients, 1 undergoing treatment for severe mental illness and the other for intractable epilepsy, substantiating previously reported data of a consistent correlation between activity in the septal region and the pleasure response.
Abstract: Deep and surface electroencephalograms were recorded during sexual arousal culminating in orgasm in 2 patients, 1 undergoing treatment for severe mental illness and the other for intractable epilepsy. Such recordings were obtained on two occasions in 1 patient and on 12 occasions in the other. Recor
226 citations
TL;DR: Six patients with peculiar angioblastic lesions associated with lymphoid infiltrates and a tissue eosinophilia are described, and in 2 of the cases the newly formed vessels are apparently of arterial origin.
Abstract: Six patients with peculiar angioblastic lesions associated with lymphoid infiltrates and a tissue eosinophilia are described. In 2 of the cases the newly formed vessels are apparently of arterial origin. The lesions which are solitary or multiple present as tumor-like swellings in the subcutaneous tissue of the head and neck. In addition, one patient had multiple cutaneous lesions distributed over the trunk and extremities. A significant blood eosinophilia was present in 2 cases. The disease is benign, but in its active phase may be mistakenly diagnosed as angiosarcoma. The lesions apparently respond to therapy with adrenocorticosteroids and to irradiation. Spontaneous remissions also occur.
177 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that viruses may be involved in the production of chronic heart disease and that “conditioning” factors possibly including streptococcal infections are important, both in the original infection and in activation of latent or dormant viruses.
Abstract: Clinical and experimental evidence for the role of viruses in the production of heart disease in man is reviewed. The data indicate that viral myocarditis, viral endocarditis, viral pericarditis and viral pancarditis are true entities that must be considered by clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of patients. It is suggested that viruses may be involved in the production of chronic heart disease and that “conditioning” factors possibly including streptococcal infections are important, both in the original infection and in activation of latent or dormant viruses. Viral infections may be responsible for much heart muscle disease, that is, cardiomyopathy, as well as for “rheumatic heart disease” of undetermined origin. The role of viruses, particularly rubella and Coxsackie, in the production of congenital heart disease is emphasized. Conceivably, viral infection acquired in utero might produce heart disease later in life. Many viruses are known to cause clinical pericarditis, some followed by chronic constriction. A possible role of viruses in the production of the postpericardiotomy syndrome or cardiac causalgia is suggested. Measures for the prevention of viral heart disease and methods of treatment, with particular emphasis on prolonged bed rest, are discussed. The need for laboratory facilities for routine viral studies is stressed.
119 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the experimenter's eyes were of primary importance in sustaining the immobility episode, and the results were interpreted in terms of the fear hypothesis of animal hypnosis and predator-prey relationships.
117 citations
TL;DR: Although most of the ingested yeasts were resistant to intracellular killing, the agar culture technique clearly demonstrated that many were unable to multiply, presumably dead.
Abstract: Five isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans type A with stable capsular thicknesses were used. Three of the isolates had capsules of medium size, one had a minimal capsule, and the other, a large capsule. Peritoneal exudate cells from Lewis rats were cultured on cover slips in Leighton tubes containing medium 199 and 20% fresh, isologous normal rat serum. Yeast cells were added to the Leighton tube cultures, and, 2 hr later, the extracellular yeasts were rinsed out. Cover slips were removed from some tubes for Wright staining and measurement of both phagocytosis and loss of macrophages. The remaining tubes were reincubated and sampled at 24 or 48 hr. To determine fate of yeast cells after ingestion, washed cover slips were inverted onto agar slide cultures, and specific macrophages were observed in situ for subsequent multiplication of their intracellular yeasts. More than half of the macrophages survived 24 to 48 hr of exposure to different strains of C. neoformans, with small, medium, or large capsules. Phagocytic activity was dependent upon a heat-labile factor in normal rat serum. The number of yeast ingested by macrophages was inversely proportional to the capsular size. Although most of the ingested yeasts were resistant to intracellular killing, the agar culture technique clearly demonstrated that many were unable to multiply, presumably dead. Three of the isolates were more susceptible than the other two, and the fate of these yeasts after engulfment was not correlated with their capsular size.
112 citations
TL;DR: The possibility of a second carcinoma makes it imperative for the physician to obtain good diagnostic studies, bariumenema studies, and proctoscopy of every patient preoperatively and postoperatively.
Abstract: The incidence of multiple primary adenocarcinomas of the colon at Charity Hospital in a 19-year period was 2.1 per cent. The incidence of all multiple colonic and rectal malignancies was 4.1 per cent. Thirteen patients (0.5 per cent) had multiple metachronous adenocarcinomas, and 34 patients (1.6 per cent) had multiple synchronous adenocarcinomas. The possibility of a second carcinoma makes it imperative for the physician to obtain good diagnostic studies, bariumenema studies, and proctoscopy of every patient preoperatively. The resected specimen should be examined by the pathologist at the time of operation. Postoperatively, an annual physical examination, including proctoscopy and barium-enema studies, is necessary.
104 citations
TL;DR: A decapeptide, synthesized by the solid phase method, was injected into normal volunteers 21-36 years old and caused an increase in serum LH values over the control with no difference between men and women in the amount of LH released.
Abstract: Synthetic (pyro)Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2, identical in structure with natural LH-releasing hormone (LHRH), was tested in the human being. This synthetic decapeptide was injected iv into three untreated men, two untreated women, three men pretreated with ethinyl estradiol, and three women pretreated with an oral contraceptive (Lyndiol). LH-RH caused a marked increase in plasma LH levels (p < 0.01) and a smaller, but significant p < 0.01) increase in plasma FSH levels. The elevated LH and FSH values after administration of LH-RH did not differ among the groups, although individual variation was large. Since synthetic (pyro) Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 stimulates the release of LH and FSH in man and can be made in large quantities, many clinical studies are now possible.
101 citations
TL;DR: Data indicate that de novo synthesis, as well as release of LH, occurred in tissue stimulated with porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, and indicates that both LH and FSH releasing activities are intrinsic to the same molecule.
Abstract: Addition of nanogram amounts of highly purified or pure porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, once daily for 5 days to female rat anterior pituitary cultures, significantly increased the release of both LH and FSH. LH release appeared to be linearly related to the log-dose of LH-RH/FSHRH over the range of S-40 ng/ml/day. Total content of LH and of FSH in stimulated tissue and medium exceeded that of controls as measured by radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH. Synthetic LH-RH/FSH-RH also stimulated the release and synthesis of both LH and FSH in rat anterior pituitary cultures. This indicates that both LH and FSH releasing activities are intrinsic to the same molecule. When anterior pituitary tissue was incubated with tritiated glucosamine in the presence of porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH, there was a significant incorporation of radioactivity into the LH found in the incubation medium. These data indicate that de novo synthesis, as well as release of LH, occurred in tissue stimulated with porcine LH-RH/FSH-RH. (Endocrinology 90: 764,...
91 citations
TL;DR: Treatment of hamster ova, in vitro, with ovary specific antibody interferes with sperm-egg interaction by inhibiting sperm attachment to the zona pellucida and subsequent zona penetration.
Abstract: Treatment of hamster ova, in vitro, with ovary specific antibody interferes with sperm-egg interaction by inhibiting sperm attachment to the zona pellucida and subsequent zona penetration. This inhibition results from precipitation of the zona by the specific antibody.
89 citations
TL;DR: The usefulness of TRH in characterizing the location and extent of lesions in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is demonstrated, and therapeutic measures, including the administration of certain releasing hormones, which may be employed to treat cert...
Abstract: The availability of synthetic TRH has permitted studies of TSH release in various disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Forty-five patients with disorders of the pituitary, hypothalamus or basal ganglia were studied. The TSH response to 400 μg intravenous TRH was normal in all but two of 19 acromegalics, normal or high in 6 patients with chromophobe adenomas, low or undetectable in 7 patients with panhypopituitarism, normal or low in 3 patients with galactorrhea and amenorrhea and in 5 with parkinsonism, and normal or markedly elevated in 3 patients with hypothalamic hypothyroidism. Unexpectedly, plasma GH also rose significantly after TRH administration in 10 of 11 untreated acromegalics with elevated fasting GH levels. These results demonstrate the usefulness of TRH in characterizing the location and extent of lesions in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and suggest those therapeutic measures, including the administration of certain releasing hormones, which may be employed to treat cert...
TL;DR: It is suggested that ovarian adrenergic nerves facilitate ovulation, either directly by stimulating perifollicular smooth muscle to contract or indirectly by influencing the steroid output of the interstitial gland.
Abstract: The ovarian adrenergic innervation of rats and guinea pigs was studied using a fluorescent technique In both species, catecholamine-containing nerves entered the ovary via hilar perivascular plexuses and extended into adjacent medullary and cortical tissue The interstitial gland of the rat ovary was well innervated; however, cortical components of the ovary in this species, including corpora lutea and developing and mature follicles, were sparsely innervated The interstitial gland and theca folliculi of developing and mature guinea pig follicles contained a dense network of beaded preterminal nerves It is suggested that ovarian adrenergic nerves facilitate ovulation, either directly by stimulating perifollicular smooth muscle to contract or indirectly by influencing the steroid output of the interstitial gland
TL;DR: In this article, the Schur subgroup S(k) of the B rauer group B(K) consists of those algebra classes which contain a simple component of the group algebra kG for some finite group G. The invariants of these algebra classes are characterized by invariants, and it is reasonable to ask whether the elements of the Brauer group are distinguished by behavior of invariants.
TL;DR: A 24-year-old male, overt homosexual, repeatedly hospitalized for chronic suicidal depression and found to have temporal lobe epilepsy, underwent a program of septal stimulation which resulted in subjectively reported and behaviorally observed states of pleasure, euphoria, relaxation, confidence, and sexual motivation.
TL;DR: It was suggested that the over-all control of secretion of FSH and LH is most likely mediated by the interaction of hypothalamic FSH- and LH-releasing hormone with sex steroids, and that LH-RH should find practical application in the treatment of sterility.
TL;DR: Urinary radioactive metabolites appeared to have the same electrophoretic mobilities as TRH and the free acid of TRH, and some of the radioactivity had the same Rf value as that ofTRH.
Abstract: After the injection of 14C-labeled TRH into normal male rats, radioactivity disappeared rapidly from the circulation. The half life of 14C-TRH was found to be 4.16 min; however, the true half life of TRH may be masked, since TRH is rapidly inactivated in the blood to compounds having similar chemical structures and probably similar half lives. Chromatography of methanol extracts of plasma samples taken at 1, 2, and 6 min revealed that some of the radioactivity had the same Rf value as that of TRH, while other areas corresponded to the free acid of TRH (pyro-glu-his-pro-OH), glu-his-pro, and his-pro-NH2. The mean volume of distribution of TRH in our studies was 18.5% of the body weight. Approximately 25% of the radioactivity was excreted into the urine within 60 min after the intravenous injection of 1 µCi of 14C-TRH. Urinary radioactive metabolites appeared to have the same electrophoretic mobilities as TRH and the free acid of TRH.
TL;DR: MIF was demonstrated to antagonize the central and peripheral effects of oxotremorine in normal as well as in hypophysectomized mice, confirming the earlier report that MIF exerts actions upon the CNS which are independent of its MSH release-inhibiting activity.
Abstract: SummaryMIF was demonstrated to antagonize the central and peripheral effects of oxotremorine in normal as well as in hypophysectomized mice. Its effectiveness in hypophysectomized mice confirms our earlier report that MIF exerts actions upon the CNS which are independent of its MSH release-inhibiting activity.The authors thank Dr. E. Kimura and Mr. P. Young for the anticholinergic studies in the isolated guinea pig ileum.
TL;DR: It is suggested that hydrocortisone augments vasoconstrictor responses to epinephrine by an action on adrenergic receptors by modifying dilator responses to isoproterenol.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH)-re releasing hormone and the involvement of the anterior pituitary in process of reproduction.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone. The involvement of the anterior pituitary in process of reproduction began with the discovery of gonadotropic activity in the pituitary. FSH stimulates the growth of the ovarian follicle by promoting mitotic proliferation of the granulosa cells. The response to FSH is demonstrable by the presence of follicles in all stages of development, initiation of antrum formation, and increase in ovarian weight. FSH is a gametogenic hormone in the male; it affects the function and structure of seminiferous tubules and production of spermatozoa. In the hypophysectomized rat and in hypophysectomized humans, FSH, given together with LH, stimulates spermatogenesis. The presence of androgens is necessary for full spermatogenesis. LH is responsible for stimulation of steroidogenesis in the ovarian follicle and for ovulation in the ovary previously stimulated by FSH and the transformation of the graafian follicles into corpora lutea. After ovulation, under the influence of LH, some granulosa cells increase in size and undergo the process of luteinization.
TL;DR: The time courses of the in vitro release of LH and FSH, induced by the synthetic and natural materials, appeared to be identical, suggesting that one hypothalamic hormone m...
Abstract: FSH-releasing hormone (FSH-RH) and LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) activities of three synthetic preparations of (pyro) Glu-His- Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 were compared with that of a homogeneous preparation of natural LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) of porcine origin. An in vitro system based on release of FSH and LH from normal male rat pituitaries was used to assay FSH-RH and LH-RH. LH-RH activity was also determined in vivo by stimulation of the release of LH in ovariectomized rats pretreated with estrogen and progesterone. Released FSH was measured by specific bioassay as well as by radioimmunoassay for rat FSH. Released LH was measured by radioimmunoassay for rat LH. Quantitatively, the FSH-RH activity and the LH-RH activity of all three synthetic preparations of LH-RH/FSH-RH were identical with those of the natural material. The time courses of the in vitro release of LH and FSH, induced by the synthetic and natural materials, appeared to be identical, suggesting that one hypothalamic hormone m...
TL;DR: The pituitary response to a punned porcine LH-RH was investigated in male rats of IS, 25, 30, 35, 45, 60, and 240 days of age, and no apparent pituitaries depletion could be seen after LH- RH administration in any of the groups studied.
Abstract: The pituitary response to a punned porcine LH-RH was investigated in male rats of IS, 25, 30, 35, 45, 60, and 240 days of age. Significant amounts of LH were released after administration of LH-RH in all the ages studied. The maximal response was seen, however, between 35 and 45 days of age, the lowest being at 15 and 240 days of age. No evidence of pituitary LH depletion after LH-RH was observed in any of the groups studied. LH-RH elicited a significant FSH release at 25, 30, 35, and 45 days of age. No significant FSH release was observed at 15, 60, and 240 days of age. The maximal response in terms of FSH release was recorded between 25 and 35 days of age. No apparent pituitary FSH depletion could be seen after LH-RH administration in any of the groups studied. (Endocrinology 90: 585, 1972)
TL;DR: The data indicate that contaminating bacterial endotoxin was not responsible for the biological effects of fungal products and suggest that C. albicans may contain at least two different toxic components.
Abstract: Whole cells, morphological components, and various extracts of Candida albicans were tested for toxicity by methods involving biological activities ordinarily used to characterize bacterial endotoxin. Fungal preparations exerted several of these activities, but only at much higher dose levels than those required for bacterial products. Both fungal cell walls and intact cells were pyrogenic in rabbits and lethal to actinomycin D-treated mice, but only the former were also lethal to chicken embryos; neither coagulated a hemolysate of horseshoe crabs. Wallfree fungal protoplasm was minimally pyrogenic but negative in the other assays. Bacterial endotoxin was strongly active in all four systems. The toxicity of fungous cell walls was undiminished after exposure to strong alkali, a treatment which destroyed bacterial endotoxin. Extracts obtained with hot phenol-water or potassium hydroxide killed mice but were nonpyrogenic. A defatted and enzyme-digested ethylenediamine extract was both lethal and pyrogenic. Particulate fungal materials but not bacterial endotoxin induced a granulomatous response in prepared mice. These data indicate that contaminating bacterial endotoxin was not responsible for the biological effects of fungal products and suggest that C. albicans may contain at least two different toxic components. Chemical analyses were performed on soluble fractions, but a role in toxicity could not be assigned to any identified component.
TL;DR: While lead acetate induces endotoxin hyperreactivity by impairing the phagocytic as well as the endotoxin-detoxifying properties of macrophages, hepatic parenchymal cell dysfunction may also be a contributing factor.
TL;DR: It is suggested that these agents antagonize vasoconstrictor responses by a nonspecific depressant effect on smooth muscle cells.
Abstract: 1. The relationship between the vasodilator and inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), E2 and A2 on responses to nerve stimulation, noradrenaline and angiotensin was evaluated in the dog hindlimb preparation.
2. PGE1 and PGE2 were equipotent as vasodilators in the hindlimb; however, PGE1 was much more potent as an inhibitor of vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation, noradrenaline and angiotensin.
3. PGA2 and PGE2 were approximately equal as inhibitors of vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, nerve stimulation and angiotensin; however, PGE2 was far more potent as a vasodilator.
4. Since there is no relationship between the vasodilator and inhibitory effects of PGE1, E2 and A2, and since the inhibitory effect of PGA2 was present at a time when hindlimb perfusion pressure had returned to control value, it is concluded that the inhibitory action is probably not the result of a physiological antagonism.
5. Since each prostaglandin inhibited responses to nerve stimulation and noradrenaline to approximately the same extent and responses to angiotensin were also inhibited, it is suggested that these agents antagonize vasoconstrictor responses by a nonspecific depressant effect on smooth muscle cells.
TL;DR: New dimensions to the pineal-hypothalamic-pituitary axis are suggested by direct application to the pituitaries of frogs which had been previously darkened by removal of the hypothalamus.
Abstract: Increased melanocyte-lightening activity was found in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats as assayed by direct application to the pituitaries of frogs which had been previously darkened by removal of the hypothalamus. A decrease in this activity by destruction of the hypothalamus of the hypophysectomized rat suggested that MSH release-inhibiting factor (MIF) was involved. Pinealectomy of the hypophysectomized rat or extraction of the plasma with chloroform also decreased the plasma melanocyte-lightening activity, indicating the contribution of melatonin to the lightening effect. The presence of increased amounts of both Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG), an MIF, and melatonin in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats, as compared with intact controls, was supported by the use of thin-layer chromatography. In addition, a potentiating action of PLG upon the skin lightening activity of melatonin was observed. These experiments suggest new dimensions to the pineal-hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (Endocrinology 91: 1323, 1972)
TL;DR: The luteinizing-releasing hormone (LH-RH) activity of II synthetic polypeptides, some of which were speculatively reported as having LH- RH activity, was assayed in vivo and in vitro against pure natural and synthetic LH-RH.
TL;DR: With a purified preparation of pneumococcal hemolysin, a sigmoid relationship was found to exist between lysin concentration and hemolytic activity, suggesting a multi-hit mechanism of action.
Abstract: With a purified preparation of pneumococcal hemolysin, a sigmoid relationship was found to exist between lysin concentration and hemolytic activity. Hemolysis was inhibited by a high ratio of erythrocytes to lysin, suggesting a multi-hit mechanism of action. Reaction rate decreased rapidly with time, possibly due to competition between ghosts and unlysed erythrocytes for fixation of lysin. The effects of pH and various agents on the processes of lysin adsorption and hemoglobin release were determined. The pneumococcal preparation did not possess nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase activity.
TL;DR: The results confirm the therapeutic role of LH-RH in certain cases of sterility and determine the presumptive ovulation responses of patients treated with a variety of regimens.
TL;DR: Synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was synthesized by Merrifield's solid phase method based on the proposed structure of porcine LH-RH and tested in ovariectomized estrogenprogesterone treated rats.
Abstract: Synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was synthesized by Merrifield's solid phase method based on the proposed structure of porcine LH-RH: (pyro)Glu-His-Trp- Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2. It was then purified by countercurrent distribution and electrophoresis. LH-releasing activity of the synthetic LH-RH was tested in ovariectomized estrogenprogesterone treated rats. The dosages were expressed by mole based on its tryptophan content. As small a dose as 3.47 × 10–12 mole induced a significant rise of serum LH. At the same log dose intervals, the dose regression lines for synthetic LH-RH were parallel to those for natural LH-RH. Injection of either the natural or synthetic LH-RH preparations increased serum LH significantly 5 min after injection. The maximum rise in LH was attained between 10 to 20 min after injection. Then, serum LH levels slightly decreased but remained at approximately the same levels up to 60 min after injection. Significant (p < 0.02), but very slight increment of ...
TL;DR: The rise in serum LH after LH-RH injection was well correlated with the ultrastructural phenomenon of granule extrusion from LH-gonadotrophs, and the amount of LH was increased in the blood sera after the injection, but serum FSH was not significantly different among the various treated rats.
Abstract: In order to observe the ultrastructural aspects of granule extrusion from gonadotrophs, the authors injected pure, natural porcine LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) into persistent-estrous (PE) rats. Clear-cut extrusions of secretory granules appeared from LH-gonadotrophs 2.5, 5 and 15 minutes after the injection. Massive extrusion was observed at 15 minutes. Serum LH and FSH were also estimated by radioimmunoassay on blood samples taken at the same times after the injections. LH was increased in the blood sera after the injection of LH-RH, but serum FSH was not significantly different among the various treated rats. The rise in serum LH after LH-RH injection was well correlated with the ultrastructural phenomenon of granule extrusion from LH-gonadotrophs.