Showing papers by "University at Buffalo published in 1977"
TL;DR: Positive correlations are seen between the effects of six independent variables known to influence resistance to marrow grafts and the natural killer cell activity against mouse lymphomas in the NK system, indicating that the specificities of YAC‐1 and Hh‐1 incompatible targets were different.
Abstract: Two types of host reactivities not requiring immunization in the mouse and not mediated by T lymphocytes were compared: resistance of irradiated and nonirradiated F1 hybrids to accept parental grafts of normal or malignant hemopoietic cells (Hh system), and the natural killer cell activity against mouse lymphomas (NK system). The effects of six independent variables known to influence resistance to marrow grafts were investigated in the NK system using YAC-1 lymphoma cells as targets. The following properties were shared: (a) maturation during the fourth week of life; (b) low sensitivity to acute total body irradiation; (c) dependence on the integrity of bone marrow as demonstrated by reduced reactivity in 89Sr-treated mice; (d) suppression by a single injection of rabbit anti-mouse bone marrow serum; (e) suppression by a single injection of the anti-macrophage agents silica and i-carrageenan; and (f) suppression by multiple injections of parental spleen cells into F1 mice. These positive correlations are particularly significant because most of the variables have either opposing or no effect on conventional immunity. F1 mice rendered specifically unresponsive to parental marrow grafts, could retain NK cell activity, and genetically susceptible mice could be rendered hyporeactive in terms of NK cells, indicating that the specificities of YAC-1 and Hh-1 incompatible targets were different.
It is extremely unlikely that this remarkable parallelism is fortuitous. These results indicate that either a very similar, or more likely a common mechanism is operative in the two cell-mediated natural reactivities: effector cells in the NK and Hh systems do not bear B or T lymphocyte markers but are nevertheless endowed with “specificity”. They are dependent for generation in vivo (presumably by maturation or by recruitment) on the interaction with nonlymphoid accessory cells not endowed with specificity, capable of also interacting in vitro with Thy-1-positive F1 hybrid prekiller cells specific for parental targets. Because of thymus independence in vivo and apparent restriction to target cells of the hemopoietic system, these reactivities should be effective in the regulation of hemopoiesis and surveillance over leukemogenesis.
456 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This simple histochemical method proved useful in subclassifying amyloid type in the patient series particularly when used in conjunction with the available clinical history and the organ distribution of amyloids accumulation.
443 citations
TL;DR: Patients with IJP have significantly decreased PMNL function compared with healthy control subjects, but monocyte function remains unaffected in IJP, and reduced PMNL functions may contribute to the unusual susceptibility of patients to IJP.
Abstract: HUMAN periodontal diseases are the major cause of adult tooth loss. One such disease, localised idiopathic juvenile periodontitis (IJP) affects young people and is unusually severe, with a rapid progression. Previous studies have shed little light on the unusual susceptibility of some patients to this rare condition. Similarly, destructive periodontal syndromes have been described in patients with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) dysfunction. We have measured two parameters of neutrophil function, chemotaxis and phagocytosis, and found that patients with IJP have significantly decreased PMNL function compared with healthy control subjects, but monocyte function remains unaffected in IJP. Reduced PMNL functions may contribute to the unusual susceptibility of patients to IJP.
364 citations
355 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the behavior of corporate bond prices during the period surrounding the announcement of a rating change and found no evidence of any reaction during the 6 months prior to the rating change, and little reaction if any, during the month of the change or for 6 months after the change.
322 citations
287 citations
TL;DR: The editorial policies and practices of leading journals in four scientific fields are compared to determine differences related to stages of paradigm development as discussed by the authors, and hypotheses are developed and tested on the use of particularism, the ease of reaching editorial decisions, the length of articles, extent of copy-editing, and time lags in the publication process.
Abstract: The editorial policies and practices of leading journals in four scientific fields are compared to determine differences related to stages of paradigm development. Hypotheses are developed and tested on the use of particularism, the ease of reaching editorial decisions, the length of articles, extent of copy-editing, and time lags in the publication process. Data were obtained via a mail survey of the editors of the top ten journals in physics, chemistry, sociology, and political science, as nominated by university scientists. Results are generally supportive of the hypotheses. Data on available space, financial support, and rejection rates are also discussed as reinforcing tendencies toward particularism and increasing its costs.
228 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation of the velocity and temperature fields in an axisymmetric turbulent buoyant plume is described, where the plume source was a heated air jet with an exit densimetric Froude number of 1.4.
209 citations
TL;DR: The distinguishing pattern of proteinuria which evolved during the first year in SHR was temporally related to glomerular and arteriolarsclerotic changes, which mainly affected the deep cortical nephrons, which were less protected by autoregulation in the face of sustained hypertension.
202 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a number of attempts to develop formal corporate policy statements and accounting-reporting procedures dealing with pollution problems are discussed. But none of them have been implemented yet, and only a specific implementation proposal is presented and illustrated with data from several different field studies conducted by the authors.
Abstract: Protection of the physical environment and abatement of specific pollution problems are now generally recognized as major aspects of the corporation-society relationship. This paper views a number of attempts to develop formal corporate policy statements and accounting-reporting procedures dealing with these problems. A specific implementation proposal is presented and illustrated with data from several different field studies conducted by the authors.
199 citations
TL;DR: The surface chemistry constitutes a major part of science which has ubiquitous consequences in chemical processes, in engineering and technology, in biology and medicine, and, indeed, in the very existence of life as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: Gingival fluid from severely inflamed periodontal tissue represents a 15 to 30% dilution of serum with respect to the proteins studied, with the exception of C3 and in some subjects, C4, which suggests that complement might be activated duringperiodontal inflammation.
Abstract: 1. Gingival fluid from severely inflamed periodontal tissue represents a 15 to 30% dilution of serum with respect to the proteins studied, with the exception of C3 and in some subjects, C4. 2. A marked decrease in C3 levels is found in most, if not all, gingival fluids, and a marked decrease of C4 levels is found in some gingival fluids. This suggests that complement might be activated during periodontal inflammation. 3. The concentrations of proteins in the gingival fluid are not related to their molecular weight.
TL;DR: Steady-state diazepam plasma concentration-time profiles suggested that once daily administration of the total daily dose at bedtime might be a satisfactory dosing regimen.
Abstract: Six healthy subjects between the ages of 21 and 31 years received diazepam tablets orally at a dose of 5 mg t.i.d. atO, 5, and 10hr on days 1–13. On day 14, the dose was 5 mg at 0 and 5 hr and 15 mg at 10 hr. Subsequently, the dose was 15 mg once daily on days 15–24. Numerous plasma samples were obtained during the multiple-dose regimen, and appropriate equations were fitted to all the multiple-dose data. Diazepam absorption was satisfactorily described by a first-order process, with disposition characterized by a linear two-compartment open model. The harmonic mean absorption half-life was 32 min, and the harmonic mean terminal exponential half-life was 57hr. The mean apparent oral total drug plasma clearance was 22.7ml/hr/kg. Steady-state plasma levels of the primary metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, were reached after 5–8 days of dosing. Steady-state diazepam plasma concentration-time profiles suggested that once daily administration of the total daily dose at bedtime might be a satisfactory dosing regimen.
TL;DR: The characteristics of demand, the marketing technology used, and interchannel competition are found to be correlated with greater channel control by a channel leader, implying that channel leaders tend to emerge in distributive channels when the channel environment is threatening.
Abstract: The relationship between various factors characteristic of channel environments and the extent of control of a channel leader in his channel is explored. The characteristics of demand, the marketin...
TL;DR: Two kitteens with progressive neurologic disease had increased concentrations of GM2 ganglioside in their cerebral cortex, and Beta-D-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase activity was reduced, suggesting an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the enzyme defect.
Abstract: Two kitteens with progressive neurologic disease had increased concentrations of GM2 ganglioside in their cerebral cortex. Examination under the light microscope revealed cytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons and hepatocytes. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy demosntrated cytoplasmic inclusions encompassed by membranes in various central nervous system cell types and in hepatocytes. Beta-D-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase activity was reduced to about 1.0 percent of normal in brain, liver, and cultured skin fibroblasts of the diseased kittens; both major electrophoretic forms, A and B, of the enzyme were deficient. In fibroblasts from the parents of the diseased kittens, this enzyme activity was intermediate between that of affected and normal cats, suggesting an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of the enzyme defect. Histopahtological and ultrastructural lesions, glycolipid storage, enzyme defect, and pattern of inheritance are similar to those of human GM2 gangliosidosis type 2.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that the number of integrals computed is approximately inversely proportional to the order of the group, and prove that the complexity of the Dacre-Elder procedure is linear in the order in which the integrals are computed.
Abstract: For efficient integral evaluation, orbital basis functions are grouped into shells and integrals into blocks in the recently developed SCF program Hondo. This shell structure is ideally suited to the scheme of Dacre and Elder for using point group symmetry. An entire block of two-electron integrals is eliminated if it is symmetrically equivalent to another block with a higher index (four label). Using the “petite list” of blocks of integrals, a skeleton Fock matrix is formed from which the true Fock matrix is generated by “symmetrization.” We prove two theorems which provide a clear and rigorous justification for this version of the Dacre–Elder procedure. We compare SCF calculations on the phosphorus molecule using Td symmetry with those using various subgroups of Td. The number of integrals computed is found to be approximately inversely proportional to the order of the group. Integral evaluation time and SCF iteration time are each linear functions of the number of integrals. The computer spends a negligible amount of time in executing symmetry-related code, and the human effort involved is little more than picking the appropriate Schonflies symbol for the molecule.
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface area of unsupported and supported molybdena has been estimated using the ratio of total area to chemisorbed oxygen, which is about one-fourth of the total area.
TL;DR: Tissue distribution and accumulation constitute a major reason for variability in Gentamicin pharmacokinetics and explain both the rising peak and trough serum concentrations and the prolonged detection of gentamicin in serum and urine after the drug is stopped.
Abstract: Gentamicin pharmacokinetics was examined in a group of 47 patients with stable renal function treated an average of 10 days for severe infection. Serum concentrations rose continually during treatment, and declined in two phases after the drug was stopped, with a mean half-life of 112hr (range 27–693 hr) in the second phase. A two-compartment model was used to describe the biphasic decline in serum concentrations and to calculate the amount of drug in the tissue compartment at all times during and after treatment. Predicted tissue amounts of gentamicin rose continually on multiple dosing in all patients. In six patients who died, postmortem tissues were obtained to quantitate recovery. In all cases, the predicted amount of gentamicin in tissues was in close agreement with the amount recovered at autopsy. Tissue distribution and accumulation constitute a major reason for variability in gentamicin pharmacokinetics and explain both the rising peak and trough serum concentrations and the prolonged detection of gentamicin in serum and urine after the drug is stopped.
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that the following concepts are important in the design of periodontal flaps: broad enough at their base to include major gingival vessels, and minimal tension should be produced by suturing techniques and the tissue should be managed gently during the surgical procedure.
Abstract: This study demonstrates changes in the gingival vascular supply of humans following various periodontal surgical procedures. A special system was used to photograph circulatory changes following an i.v. injection of sodium fluorescein to visualize blood supply. The results of this study suggest that the following concepts are important in the design of periodontal flaps. 1. Flaps should be broad enough at their base to include major gingival vessels. 2. A flap's length to width ratio should not exceed 2:1. 3. Minimal tension should be produced by suturing techniques and the tissue should be managed gently during the surgical procedure. 4. Partial thickness flap preparations to cover avascular areas should not be too thin so that more blood vessels are included in them. 5. The apical portion of periodontal flaps should be full thickness when possible.
15 Mar 1977
TL;DR: In this paper, a slip velocity at the contact line of a liquid drop on a solid surface originates because of the force induced by the gradient of the chemical potential in the liquid along the solid-liquid interface.
Abstract: A slip velocity at the contact line of a liquid drop on a solid surface originates because of the force induced by the gradient of the chemical potential in the liquid along the solid-liquid interface. Einstein's equation is used to relate the slip velocity and the force. The gradient occurs because (a) the interaction potential at the liquid-solid interface near the contact line due to the neighboring molecules differs from that of a semi-infinite liquid and depends upon the distance from the contact line and (b) the chemical potential is pressure dependent.
TL;DR: C3 activation products C3c and C3d can be demonstrated in gingival pocket fluid from patients with severe periodontitis and levels in GF are comparable to levels attained consequent to immune-complex and tryptic activation of human serum.
Abstract: 1. C3 activation products C3c and C3d can be demonstrated in gingival pocket fluid from patients with severe periodontitis. 2. Quantitatively, C3d levels in GF are comparable to levels attained consequent to immune-complex and tryptic activation of human serum. 3. The alternate pathway of complement activation occurs in the periodontal pocket, as demonstrated by conversion of C3 proactivator (Factor B) to C3-activator Bb. 4. C4 is present in an altered form in some, but not all, GF's. This form is electrophoretically similar to that generated from serum by C1s and several proteolytic enzymes.
TL;DR: The evidence favors the latter idea to explain the presence of altered enzymes in old animals as the evidence favors error theory, substitution of individual amino acids and conformational change without sequence change.
TL;DR: A two‐compartment model was used to describe the biphasic decline in serum concentrations, to simulate all measured concentrations during treatment, and to predict the amount of gentamicin in the tissue compartment, which yielded the predicted amount of drug.
Abstract: Multiple-dose studies of gentamicin pharmacokinetics were performed in 2 treated patients. After the final dose, serum and urine concentration declined in biphasic fashion with beta ha(f-lives of 87 and 173 hr. Recovery of the total dose administered required urine collection for at least 10 to 20 days after the last dose. A two-compartment model was used to describe the biphasic decline in serum concentrations, to simulate all measured concentrations during treatment, and to predict the amount of gentamicin in the tissue compartment. Analysis of autopsy tissues yielded the predicted amount of drug. A linear two-compartment model adequately quantitates gentamicin disposition until about 4 days after cessation of therapy when gentamicin renal clearance begins to decline because of tubular reabsorption.
TL;DR: In this article, a model of soil composed of a multiphase mixture of solid particles, water, and air voids is proposed from which the complex permittivity, or dielectric constant and conductivity, is calculated.
Abstract: A model of soil composed of a multiphase mixture of solid particles, water, and air voids is proposed from which the complex permittivity, or dielectric constant and conductivity, is calculated. It is based on the Hanai/Bruggelman/Wagner theory of mixtures and considers the ionic conducting water as partly dispersed and partly the dispersing medium, an important distinction with this theory. The permittivity as a function of frequency and water content is predicted. The increase in dielectric constant with water volume fraction does not differ greatly with soil type in the high-frequency limit and is approximated by a normal curve specified by the theory. A normal curve and the marked increase in dielectric constant at lower frequencies has been observed experimentally. It is concluded that this semidisperse theory of the dielectric permittivity is successful in describing the behavior of soils containing moisture in the high-frequency range (1 MHz-1 GHz). Approximations to the more detailed theory and a series-parallel RC equivalent circuit are given.
TL;DR: It is concluded that at submaximal work loads the VO2 deficit is accounted for the fast component of the O2 debt plus the O1 equivalent of the early lactate production.
15 Jun 1977
TL;DR: In this article, the size distribution of aggregates in amphiphilar systems is computed on the basis of statistical thermodynamics, and a critical concentration, defined earlier, corresponding to a transition in the shape of the micellar size distribution from a monotonic decreasing function to a function exhibiting extrema, is calculated.
Abstract: The size distribution of aggregates in amphiphilar systems are computed on the basis of statistical thermodynamics. Numerical calculations have been carried out for alkyl glucosides and sodium alkyl sulfates. In these cases the computations show that the amphiphilar solution consists of single amphiphiles and only a narrow size range of aggregates. A critical concentration, defined earlier, corresponding to a transition in the shape of the micellar size distribution from a monotonic decreasing function to a function exhibiting extrema, is calculated. This critical concentration is a lower bound of the CMC's determined from sharp changes in the physical properties of the amphiphilar systems.
TL;DR: The logic underlying the Box-Jenkins transfer function analysis is developed and compared with established econometric approaches in this paper, and the technique is shown to provide a safeguard against spurious eff...
Abstract: The logic underlying the Box-Jenkins transfer function analysis is developed and compared with established econometric approaches. The technique is shown to provide a safeguard against spurious eff...
TL;DR: In this paper, the translog utility functions provide budget share equations which are both flexible and consistent with the theory of utility maximization, and they are ideal for testing hypotheses such as additivity of preferences.