Showing papers by "University of Connecticut published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this article, it was found that, though ability in both syllable and phoneme segmentation increased with grade level, analysis into phonemes was significantly harder and perfected later than analysis into syllables.
1,304 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a growth rate proportional to the reciprocal of the square root of time of the boundary motion is analyzed, which leads to a common distribution function for grain diameters and grain edges.
318 citations
TL;DR: Alanine production does not reflect protein degradation in muscle but instead appears to be synthesized de novo primarily from exogenous glucose and from amino groups released by catabolism of branched chain amino acids, suggesting the existence of a brancED chain amino acid-alanine cycle in the organism.
302 citations
TL;DR: This chapter explains that growth hormone itself exercises no direct metabolic action on skeletal tissue, but rather acts through a second substance, which is detectable both in normal plasma and in plasma from hypophysectomized rats after growth hormone administration, and that the sulfation factor plays a much more pervasive role in somatic growth.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter explains that growth hormone itself exercises no direct metabolic action on skeletal tissue, but rather acts through a second substance, which is detectable both in normal plasma and in plasma from hypophysectomized rats after growth hormone administration. The term sulfation factor is applied to this plasma activity because the assay used for its detection depends upon the in vitro incorporation of radioactive sulfate into proteoglycans of cartilage. The chapter describes with evidence that several distinct growth hormone dependent substances are responsible for the biological activity of plasma in sulfation factor assays and that these substances are all insulin-like; thus, these substances are components of non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA). These insulin-like growth-promoting peptides has much in common with the elusive serum growth factors that are required for the proliferation of cells in tissue culture. The chapter also discusses that the sulfation factor plays a much more pervasive role in somatic growth. The term somatomedin encompasses all growth hormone-dependent plasma factors that mediate the growth of responsive tissues..
268 citations
TL;DR: The thermodynamically reversible mixing of freshwater and seawater at constant temperature releases free energy that is renewable and nonpolluting and might be practical for specialized purposes.
Abstract: The thermodynamically reversible mixing of freshwater and seawater at constant temperature releases free energy. Salination power as a resource is comparable with hydroelectric power in magnitude; U.S. freshwater runoff could yield over 10(10) watts. The energy flux available for natural salination is equivalent to each river in the world ending at its mouth in a waterfall 225 meters high. An osmotic salination converter could possibly operate at 25 percent efficiency. This energy source is renewable and nonpolluting. Although its full utilization would destroy estuarine environments, it might be practical for specialized purposes.
231 citations
TL;DR: Although not found in relation to immune complexes, C3 is nevertheless present in damaged lung as measured by accumulation of radiolabeled C3 from the circulation, which indicates the requirement for both circulating neutrophils and C3 for the development of lung injury.
Abstract: Acute immunologic injury of rat lung has been induced by the intrabronchial injection of heterologous antibody and the intravenous injection of radiolabeled antigen. Within 4 h an acute hemorrhagic neutrophil-rich exudate develops in alveolar and interstitial areas and then gradually fades. Lung injury in this model can be quantitated by measurements of increased vascular permeability and extractable hemoglobin. By the use of immunofluorescent techniques, alveolar and interstitial deposits of antigen and antibody have been demonstrated, but not the third component of complement (C3). Although not found in relation to immune complexes, C3 is nevertheless present in damaged lung as measured by accumulation of radiolabeled C3 from the circulation. Ablation experiments indicate the requirement for both circulating neutrophils and C3 for the development of lung injury. These studies provide definition for the development of lung damage induced by immune complexes.
207 citations
TL;DR: Recognition at the first test interval was significantly better after listening than after reading, although the eventual level of recognition memory was not different in the two modes, suggesting that acoustic-phonetic memory played a role in the storage of the auditorally presented material.
Abstract: After reading or listening to short passages, Ss attempted to recognize semantically changed sentences and paraphrases (syntactically and lexically changed sentences). The intervals between the original presentation and test ranged from 1 to 23 sec. In general, paraphrases were poorly detected after a brief time, supporting earlier findings that the exact wording of sentences is not stored in long-term memory. An exception was the high recognition of active-passive changes with the visual presentation. Recognition at the first test interval was significantly better after listening than after reading, although the eventual level of recognition memory was not different in the two modes. This result, consistent with other studies of modality effects in short-term memory, suggests that acoustic-phonetic memory played a role in the storage of the auditorally presented material.
202 citations
198 citations
TL;DR: The distribution of intraperitoneally administered [(3)H]valine in the tRNA and the extracellular and intracellular compartments of rat liver is followed and it is unlikely that the valyl-tRNA is charged exclusively with amino acids derived from the extacellular pool.
Abstract: The concept that a general intracellular pool serves as the sole precursor of amino acids for protein biosynthesis has been vigorously debated in recent years. To help resolve this controversy, we followed the distribution of intraperitoneally administered [3H]valine in the tRNA and the extracellular and intracellular compartments of rat liver. The specific radioactivity of the valine released from isolated tRNA was 2–3 times higher than that of intracellular valine, suggesting that the intracellular pool cannot be the sole precursor of amino acids used for charging tRNA. In addition, the specific radioactivity of the tRNA was only half that of the extracellular valine. Therefore it is unlikely that the valyl-tRNA is charged exclusively with amino acids derived from the extracellular pool. A model is proposed which stipulates that both extracellular and intracellular amino acids contribute to a restricted compartment that funnels amino acids towards protein biosynthesis.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spin-echo spectra of V, Mn, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir were analyzed and it was shown that impurities to the left of Fe in the periodic table prefer the Fe site with eight first-neighbor Fe atoms.
Abstract: The analysis of spin-echo spectra of V, Mn, Co, Ru, Rh, Os, and Ir in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$Si shows that these impurities unexpectedly enter one of the two available Fe sites in a selective manner. Those impurities to the left of Fe in the periodic table prefer the Fe site with eight first-neighbor Fe atoms. Those beneath and to the right of Fe in the periodic table enter the Fe site with four Fe and four Si first neighbors.
170 citations
TL;DR: This work has shown that spatial ability—the ability to create, maintain and mentally transform a visual image—has an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance in Caucasians, with males having a proportionately greater facility than females.
Abstract: ATTENTION has recently been drawn1 to the indications that spatial ability—the ability to create, maintain and mentally transform a visual image1,2—has an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance in Caucasians1,3–8, with males having a proportionately greater facility1,9–12. At first glance, this result seems paradoxical in that such a presumably adaptive trait would not be expected to be transmitted on a recessive allele. If past selection pressures were exerted primarily on males, however in whom the spatial allele is co-dominant, the paradox would be resolved satisfactorily.
TL;DR: The general hotel reservations system is described, and a Markovian sequential decision model is proposed for it, and an application of the model is presented, based on an actual sample of hotel data.
Abstract: This paper deals with the problems of hotel overbooking and the scientific determination of hotel booking policies. The general hotel reservations system is described, and a Markovian sequential decision model is proposed for it. An application of the model is presented, based on an actual sample of hotel data. Because of the significance of the cancellation phenomena in the sample, the model prescribes a substantial amount of overbooking. The paper concludes with comments regarding the necessity for and course of future research in this area.
TL;DR: It appears that ecdysone acts directly on the fat body to induce specific protein synthesis, as does the vitellogenin stimulating hormone (VSH) from the ovary of blood-fed mosquitoes.
TL;DR: In this article, an integral model of the steady-state dynamics of a shallow, small-scale oceanic front is developed, which shows that interfacial friction and/or upward mass entrainment is required to balance the net pressure gradient produced by the sloping sea surface and frontal interface in the light water pool.
Abstract: An integral model of the steady-state dynamics of a shallow, small-scale oceanic front is developed. Such fronts have been observed at the boundaries of river plumes discharging into coastal sea water. They share with larger scale oceanic fronts the features of persistence in time, despite sharp horizontal gradients in properties, and strong horizontal convergence at the surface front with consequent sinking. For a steady state to exist in a reference frame moving with the front, the model shows that interfacial friction and/or upward mass entrainment is required to balance the net pressure gradient produced by the sloping sea surface and frontal interface in the light water pool. Maintenance of this balance dictates that the Richardson number be of order unity; thus, friction and entrainment coefficients are kept low allowing sharp property gradients in the steady state. Strong surface convergence is also a prominent feature of the model dynamics. Comparisons are made with the observations of Ga...
TL;DR: In this paper, cross-cultural comparisons of husband-wife interaction in specific house-buying decisions were made and found that perceived roles vary more by sex of the respondent and stag...
Abstract: This study presents cross-cultural comparisons of husband-wife interaction in specific house-buying decisions. The findings indicate that perceived roles vary more by sex of the respondent and stag...
TL;DR: The existence of a significant fraction of cellkilling particles that is noninfectious, and the lack of cell killing by purified, but active, defective-interfering particles, provide evidence that cellkilling by VSV is not dependent upon complete viral replication, and that the virion per se is not inherently toxic.
TL;DR: A constructive proof is given for easily finding constant feedback gains that stabilize a linear, time-invariant, discrete system.
Abstract: A constructive proof is given for easily finding constant feedback gains that stabilize a linear, time-invariant, discrete system. The results are directly applicable to initializing certain iterative methods that find steady-state gains for the discrete optimal regulator.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of the biomass and abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates off the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States has been carried out and it is concluded that deep-sea life is more abundant in the Atlantic than in the Gulf.
TL;DR: Male and female rats will retrieve and group rat pups as early as 24 days of age, and injections of testosterone propionate failed to inhibit the onset of this behavior in the male.
TL;DR: It is shown that a small family of closely related conformations fit the nuclear magnetic resonance data and these conformations are very similar to that of the crystal structure of AMP.
TL;DR: Embryonic limb bud cells were cultured under conditions in which chondrogenic expression takes place and a tenfold increase in incorporation into proteochondroitin sulfate is observed, reflected in a preferential increase of a particular fraction identified on 1% agarose chomatography.
TL;DR: The structural basis for a seclusion mechanism within both peripheral and central myelin sheaths in different animal species is demonstrated.
Abstract: AUTOIMMUNE mechanisms may play a major role in several human demyelinating diseases1. Myelin contains components, principally a basic class of protein, which, when injected systemically with an adjuvant, elicit in the experimental animal a demyelinating encephalomyelitis or neuritis with perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and inflammatory cells1,2. A satisfactory hypothesis is that the potential self-antigens are secluded from the immune systems in the normal living animal3. Evidence for such a specific compartmentation of myelin components, however, has been lacking up to now. This has led several authors to suggest alternative explanations1,4,5. Here we demonstrate the structural basis for a seclusion mechanism within both peripheral and central myelin sheaths in different animal species.
TL;DR: There are at least two populations of membrane bound SH‐groups which differ in their topical location which participate in the control of water transfer and one is located closer to the outer surface of the membrane and thus is readily accessible to PCMBS while the other component is probably located in the membrane interior.
Abstract: P-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, PCMBS, and 5, 5′ dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB at a concentration of 1 mM are found to inhibit the rate of water transport across human red cell membrane. In addition PCMBS inhibits the rates of transport of small hydrophilic but not hydrophobic nonelectrolytes. Other sulfhydryl reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide have no significant effect on the rate of water transfer in these cells. The results suggest that there are at least two populations of membrane bound SH-groups which differ in their topical location which participate in the control of water transfer. One is located closer to the outer surface of the membrane, and thus is readily accessible to PCMBS while the other component is probably located in the membrane interior. These two populations can be dissociated by pH. The effect of PCMBS on water transfer can be greatly influenced by pH and temperature. The main effect of temperature and pH is on the permeability of the membrane to the drug. The same concentration of PCMBS is also found to inhibit to a lesser degree water transfer across other biological membranes.
TL;DR: The moldGeotrichum candidum produces an extracellular lipase, readily concentrated by removal of the culture medium in which the microorganism is grown, which has an optimum pH of 8.2, and the lyophilized powder is extremely stable, retaining activity for at least eight years when stored at-20 C.
Abstract: The moldGeotrichum candidum produces an extracellular lipase, readily concentrated by removal of the culture medium in which the microorganism is grown. The lipase is characterized by a unique, but not absolute, specificity for fatty acids containingcis-9 orcis,cis-9, 12 unsaturation, hydrolyzing both regardless of position within the triglyceride molecule. The enzyme also hydrolyzescis-9-16∶1,cis,trans-9,12-18∶2,trans,cis-9,12-18∶2, palmitoyl oleate and cholesteryl oleate. Digested at comparatively slow rates are:trans,trans-9,12-18∶2, double bond positional isomers of 18∶1 (other thancis-9), stearolic acid, oleoylpalmitate, dilinoleoyl phosphatidyl choline, and saturated acids. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 8.2, and the lyophilized powder is extremely stable, retaining activity for at least eight years when stored at-20 C. A purification of 81-fold has been achieved.
TL;DR: During 1966 and 1967, the spawning runs of an anadromous population of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), were studied in Bride Lake, Connecticut and counts of the number of fish entering and leaving the lake indicated that high mortalities occurred.
Abstract: During 1966 and 1967, the spawning runs of an anadromous population of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), were studied in Bride Lake, Connecticut. Alewives entered the lake from Long Island via Bride Brook from March to June. The number of fish entering the lake each day varied and was not related to water temperature or amount of moonlight. Males predominated among early migrants, whereas a 1:1 sex ratio existed through the later part of the migration. The average size of adults decreased as the migration progressed. Adults spent from several days to 3 months on the spawning grounds, the males outnumbering the females. Counts of the number of fish entering and leaving the lake indicated that high mortalities occurred. Females spawned from 48,000–360,000 eggs. The total number of eggs spawned in the lake was estimated to be 2.0 X 1010. Young alewives migrated seaward from June to October and increased water flow was thought to be a major stimulant. One young alewife migrated seaward for eve...
TL;DR: The genetics of cannibalism and the significance of its density-dependent mechanism in teleosts of the genus Poeciliopsis, a five-membered unisexual–bisexual complex, is examined.
Abstract: THE success of viviparous species is a result of their capacity to produce small numbers of advanced offspring with high survivorship potential. Cannibalism, which would appear to be antithetical to this adaptation, is widespread among viviparous fishes1–3. I have examined the genetics of cannibalism and the significance of its density-dependent mechanism in teleosts of the genus Poeciliopsis. A five-membered unisexual–bisexual complex has evolved in this genus through hybridisation of a cannibalistic species, Poeciliopsis monacha, with the noncannibalistic species, P. lucida. Hybridisation of these two species formed P. monacha-lucida4, a diploid unisexual; backcrosses of this diploid form with each of its progenitors resulted in the evolution of two triploid unisexuals: P. monacha-2 lucida and P. 2 monacha-lucida5. All these rely on males of the bisexual species for fertilisation.
TL;DR: The responsiveness of the P. pseudopallipes females was shown to be related to the number of eggs in their ovaries, and the flowers of Erigeron were also preferred for feeding, and this feeding apparently was necessary for maximum longevity.
Abstract: The olfactory responses of Peristenus pseudopallipes (Loan) to the odors of some food plants of its host, the tarnished plant bug ( Lygus lineolaris Palisot deBeauvois), were studied. The parasitoid females responded preferentially to Erigeron plant odor in a Y-tube olfactometer. The attractive odor was shown to emanate from the flowers. The responsiveness of the P. pseudopallipes females was shown to be related to the number of eggs in their ovaries. The flowers of Erigeron were also preferred for feeding, and this feeding apparently was necessary for maximum longevity.
TL;DR: In this article, it was deduced that the shape and orientation of the quartz fragments is largely due to differential solution; however, there is some evidence of mechanical rotation of the fragments.
Abstract: The Cacapon Mountain anticline of the folded Appalachian Mountains contains rocks ranging in age from Early Silurian to Early Devonian. The Middle Silurian Bloomsburg Formation approximates a thin, viscous plate embedded in a less viscous medium. The presence of scolithuslike burrows, useful as strain markers, makes the Bloomsburg Formation an excellent unit for studying the folding of a sedimentary plate. Examination of the microscopic fabric of rock containing a so-called “fracture cleavage” reveals the presence of discontinuous, platy zones containing tectonically oriented quartz and mica fragments. It is deduced that the shape and orientation of the quartz fragments is largely due to differential solution; however, there is some evidence of mechanical rotation of the fragments. As the “fracture cleavage” does not fit the classical definition (being locally penetrative), it has been designated S p cleavage for the purposes of this paper. Finite strain analysis shows that the cleavage postdates lithification, that it formed perpendicular to bedding and parallel to the plane of the finite strain ellipsoid containing λ 1 and λ 2 , and that it is a plane of flattening. The S p cleavage is interpreted as a phenomenon marking a transition point in the material behavior of the rock. The transition point was reached after the rock underwent a maximum two-dimensional irreversible strain of e = 0.06. This small strain is in contrast to the values of e = 0.30 that have been suggested for slaty cleavage. During progressive deformation, the S p cleavage became structurally passive, permitting it to be used as a strain marker in the determination of strain about fold profiles (ac surface). Limited field evidence suggests that the preferred orientation shown by burrow cross sections may be controlled by paleocurrent directions, making the burrows a possible current indicator. Finally, it is suggested that the fabric imposed by the burrowing organisms may have localized and controlled the development of the S p cleavage.
TL;DR: Pentobarbital blockade of the ovulatory surge early in the afternoon of proestrus prevented the sensitization of the pituitary which is observed in unblocked animals.
Abstract: In order to evaluate the role of changing pituitary responsiveness to LRF in mediating the midcycle ovulatory LH surge in rats, LH secretory response to LRF was determined at different times during the estrous cycle. A standard dose of crude methanol extract of porcine stalk median eminence tissue (SME) was used as a source of LRF and responses were evaluated by LH radioimmunoassay in plasma removed before and ten minutes after intravenous injection. A significant response was elicited on all days of the estrous cycle. Responses early in proestrus and estrus were moderately but significantly greater than those observed at diestrus. Striking effects were noted in the late afternoon of proestrus at the time of the ovulatory LH surge. Pentobarbital blockade of the ovulatory surge early in the afternoon of proestrus prevented the sensitization of the pituitary which is observed in unblocked animals. Since estrogen secretion is known to be maximal late in diestrus and early in proestrus, failure to demonstrate...