Showing papers by "University of Hartford published in 2002"
TL;DR: Why both of the interventions involving peers were less effective than the classroom-based intervention at the 12-month follow-up are discussed and a set of possible limiting conditions for the efficacy of peer-based interventions is suggested.
Abstract: This study assessed the effects of 3 theoretically grounded, school-based HIV prevention interventions on inner-city minority high school students' levels of HIV prevention information, motivation, behavioral skills, and behavior. It involved a quasi-experimental controlled trial comparing classroom-based, peer-based, and combined classroom- and peer-based HIV prevention interventions with a standard-of-care control condition in 4 urban high schools (N = 1,532, primarily 9th-grade students). At 12 months postintervention, the classroom-based intervention resulted in sustained changes in HIV prevention behavior. This article discusses why both of the interventions involving peers were less effective than the classroom-based intervention at the 12-month follow-up and, more generally, suggests a set of possible limiting conditions for the efficacy of peer-based interventions.
438 citations
TL;DR: This paper employed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) to assess self-reported emotional intelligence cross-culturally as an input (attention to emotions), process (clarity of emotions), and output (repair of emotions) information-processing system.
Abstract: This study employed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) to assess self-reported emotional intelligence cross-culturally as an input (attention to emotions), process (clarity of emotions), and output (repair of emotions) information-processing system. Iranian (N = 231) and American (N = 220) university students responded to the TMMS along with measures of alexithymia, public and private self-consciousness, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and perceived stress. Negative correlations with alexithymia and expected linkages with all other variables documented the validity of the TMMS in both cultures. Most of the other measures correlated similarly in the two samples. However, private and public self-consciousness displayed a stronger positive association in Iran. These two scales were also more predictive of adjustment in Iran and of maladjustment in the United States. This difference perhaps reflected a poorer integration of the two dimensions of self-consciousness within a presumably more individualistic Amer...
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that core constructs from new science (nonlinearity, interdependence and emergence) can provide a useful theoretical foundation for understanding the current dynamics of career behavior.
Abstract: Over the past two decades there has been a shift in the career literature from the view of a career as being a linear progression of job responsibilities within an industry, to that of a ‘boundaryless’, competency-based exploration that evolves in unexpected ways. This article argues that core constructs from ‘new science’ (non-linearity, interdependence and emergence) can provide a useful theoretical foundation for understanding the current dynamics of career behavior. The article also discusses implications of these constructs for career development practice and its contexts.
119 citations
TL;DR: The study findings imply that the online retailers may need to put emphasis on specifying how they guarantee on‐time delivery and risk‐free, hassle‐free return clearly on their Web pages.
Abstract: Complementary to the increasing popularity of the Internet and WWW, electronic commerce (e‐commerce) has become a fast emerging industry and a significant global economic force. The online retail stores need to attract more visitors and convert them into the customers who actually purchase the products or services. To achieve this goal, these stores need to endeavor to enhance customers’ satisfaction to maintain positive relationships with customers. Satisfied customers have a higher chance of purchasing merchandise from the same store and remaining loyal customers. This study investigates the features that possibly influence the perceived satisfaction of online retail shopping among university students using 27 questionnaire items. The study findings imply that the online retailers may need to put emphasis on specifying how they guarantee on‐time delivery and risk‐free, hassle‐free return clearly on their Web pages. They should follow what they promise as much as possible to improve shoppers’ satisfactio...
112 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that fishing hooks retained from previous capture events were found in 6 of 211 blue sharks landed in the summers of 1999 and 2000 by recreational fishermen off Long Island.
Abstract: Fishing hooks retained from previous capture events were found in 6 of 211 blue sharks, Prionace glauca (L.), landed in the summers of 1999 and 2000 by recreational fishermen off Long Island (New York, USA). The hooks were embedded within the distal oesophagus (n ¼ 3), or perforated the gastric wall (n ¼ 3) and lacerated the liver (n ¼ 2). The hooks were surrounded by excessive fibronecrotic tissue which ablated the normal anatomical structures and in the three sharks with oesophageal hooks caused partial luminal obstruction. Accompanying lesions included oesophagitis, gastritis, hepatitis and proliferative peritonitis. Aeromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. were isolated from the peritoneal fluid of one shark with peritonitis and intralesional bacteria were seen on histological examination in all sharks. This is the first report of the prevalence and pathology of retained fishing hooks in a large number of wildcaught sharks.
94 citations
TL;DR: The importance of progesterone (P4) metabolism by the 5α‐reductase type I enzyme in mitigating P4 antiseizure effects is investigated.
Abstract: Summary: Purpose: To investigate the importance of progesterone (P4) metabolism by the 5α-reductase type I enzyme in mitigating P4 antiseizure effects.
Methods: Ovariectomized, female homozygous and heterozygous 5α-reductase type I knockout mice (n = 23) and their wild-type siblings (n = 31) were administered P4 (1.0 mg), and their pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced ictal behaviors were compared with those of vehicle-administered mice (n = 49).
Results: Mice deficient in the 5α-reductase type I enzyme administered P4, or vehicle-administered control mice, had significantly shorter latencies and increased incidence of PTZ-induced hindlimb extension and death than did wild-type mice administered P4.
Conclusions: These data suggest that P4's metabolism by the 5α-reductase type I enzyme may mitigate some of P4's antiseizure effects in the PTZ-induced seizure model.
80 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored the relationship between family communication patterns and reticence and found that reticent individuals reported a significantly lower level of conversation orientation within their families than members of a comparison group.
Abstract: The primary goal of this investigation was to explore the relationship between family communication patterns and reticence. Students of the Penn State University Reticence Program were asked to complete the Revised Family Communication Patterns instrument (Ritchie & Fitzpatrick, 1990). Results revealed that reticent individuals reported a significantly lower level of conversation orientation within their families than members of a comparison group.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the factors that contribute to course non-completion in Web-based distance education: feelings of isolation, frustrations with the technology, anxiety, and confusion.
Abstract: Some researchers and educators contend that distance education is the new, student-centered paradigm for future learning and one of the fastest growing areas in education. Despite its continued growth and popularity, distance education suffers from a number of problems. One of the most troubling is a much higher course “dropout” rate in online courses compared to traditional campus-based education. There are a number of factors that contribute to course noncompletion in Web-based distance education: feelings of isolation, frustrations with the technology, anxiety, and confusion. This article provides a discussion on certain tools used by the author to mitigate these negative factors, such as the use of electronic office hours. Explored in depth, however, is a tool that the author has had the most success using in reducing some of the chronic problems that seem to assail students taking online courses. This same tool promotes learner interaction and collaborative learning at a distance. This “magical” tool the author has created for his online classes is a fictitious virtual student who is “not an ordinary Joe.”
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the Cuban experience must be understood as part of a set of larger global processes and utilize a commodity chains framework in order to uncover the links between the local sex tourism industry and these larger international processes.
Abstract: During the past decade Cuba has become a haven for international sex tourists. How do we explain this phenomenon? This article contends that the Cuban experience must be understood as part of a set of larger global processes. It utilizes a commodity chains framework in order to uncover the links between the local sex tourism industry and these larger international processes. The framework highlights aspects of production and consumption of an illicit blobal commodity and shows how tourism aimed at consuming sexual services has become a truly global industry in recent years. It also, however, seeks to avoid global determinism by showing how particular aspects of the Cuban political economy and policymaking have shaped the local development and organization of the Cuban link in the chain.
57 citations
TL;DR: Both hypnosis and misleading questions significantly increased memory errors, and misleading Questions produced significantly more errors than did hypnosis.
Abstract: Immediate and persisting effects of misleading questions and hypnosis on memory reports were assessed. After listening to a story, 52 highly suggestible students and 59 low and medium suggestible students were asked misleading or neutral questions in or out of hypnosis. All participants were then asked neutral questions without hypnosis. Both hypnosis and misleading questions significantly increased memory errors, and misleading questions produced significantly more errors than did hypnosis. The 2 effects were additive, so that misleading questions in hypnosis produced the greatest number of errors. There were no significant interactions with level of hypnotic suggestibility. Implications of these findings for the per se exclusion of posthypnotic testimony are discussed. Hypnosis has received considerable attention in recent years as a method of enhancing eyewitness memory reports. Although some studies have suggested that hypnosis may have a small effect on improving memory accuracy, the effect is unreliable and has been linked to factors that are not specific to hypnosis (Erdelyi, 1994). Most of the studies in this area indicate that hypnotic procedures do not increase the accuracy of memory. Instead, it results in increased error rates and enhanced confidence in the accuracy of both true and false retrieved details (for reviews, see Erdelyi, 1994; Kebbell & Wagstaff, 1998; Orne, Whitehouse, Dinges, & Orne, 1996). The negative effects of hypnosis on posthypnotic memory re
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of activities to develop greater awareness, understanding, and ability to manage emotions while negotiating is presented. But the authors focus on the role of emotions in negotiation.
Abstract: With the increased emphasis on emotions in negotiation, an exercise is presented which can be used with a simulated negotiation to develop emotional skills. Linking research on the role of emotions in negotiation to emotional intelligence, we propose a set of activities to develop greater awareness, understanding, and ability to manage emotions while negotiating. The teaching note explains how to use two worksheets, one before and one during the simulation. Headings on the worksheets correspond to levels of emotional intelligence. Suggestions for debriefing along with supporting literature are provided.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the inability to metabolize T to its 5alpha-reduced products may attenuate some aggression-enhancing effects of mice in the resident intruder test of aggression.
TL;DR: The application of ethnographic triangulation for cultural validation of a measure of childhood disability, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), for use with children living in Puerto Rico is described.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The devastating impact of child sexual abuse is examined and the contributions of school-based interventions to remedy the problem are explored.
Abstract: Children are being sexually abused at an alarming rate. Prevalence estimates suggest that one out of four girls and one out of ten boys experience sexual abuse. This paper examines the devastating impact of child sexual abuse and explores the contributions of school-based interventions to remedy the problem.
TL;DR: Amplification of cDNA generated from seedlings exposed to cold, salt stress, and etiolation showed that transcript levels for subunit A of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase in Arabidopsis were responsive to stress conditions.
Abstract: Vacuolar type H+-ATPases play a critical role in the maintenance of vacuolar homeostasis in plant cells. V-ATPases are also involved in plants' defense against environmental stress. This research examined the expression and regulation of the catalytic subunit of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana and the effect of environmental stress on multiple transcripts generated by this gene. Evidence suggests that subunit A of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome blot analysis showed no indication of a second subunit A gene being present. The single gene identified was shown by whole RNA blot analysis to be transcribed in all organs of the plant. Subunit A was shown by sequencing the 3' end of multiple cDNA clones to exhibit multi site polyadenylation. Four different poly (A) tail attachment sites were revealed. Experiments were performed to determine the response of transcript levels for subunit A to environmental stress. A PCR based strategy was devised to amplify the four different transcripts from the subunit A gene. Amplification of cDNA generated from seedlings exposed to cold, salt stress, and etiolation showed that transcript levels for subunit A of the vacuolar type H+-ATPase in Arabidopsis were responsive to stress conditions. Cold and salt stress resulted in a 2–4 fold increase in all four subunit A transcripts evaluated. Etiolation resulted in a slight increase in transcript levels. All four transcripts appeared to behave identically with respect to stress conditions tested with no significant differential regulation.
TL;DR: The individual and combined effects of hypnotic analgesia and a multicomponent cognitive-behavioral intervention were compared in the analog treatment of experimental pain this article, and participants in the three treatment conditions reported more reduction of finger pressure pain than did control participants.
Abstract: The individual and combined effects of hypnotic analgesia and a multicomponent cognitive–behavioral intervention were compared in the analog treatment of experimental pain. Eighty-three participants previously assessed for hypnotic suggestibility were randomly assigned to hypnotic analgesia, Stress Inoculation Training, combined (analgesia plus Stress Inoculation procedures delivered in a hypnotic context), or control conditions. Participants in the 3 treatment conditions reported more reduction of finger pressure pain than did control participants. However, there was no difference among the 3 treatments in pain reduction. More pain reduction was associated with greater suggestibility. Decreases in pain were correlated with expected pain reduction in the hypnotic analgesia and combined conditions, but not in the cognitive–behavioral condition. Therefore, response expectancies may play a larger mediational role in hypnotic treatments for experimental pain than in cognitive–behavioral interventions.
TL;DR: Results demonstrated that KD-fed rats had the longest latency to PTZ-induced seizures, and there was not a significant positive correlation between plasma beta hydroxybutyrate and latency to seizure, suggesting that Beta hydroxy butyrate may be indirectly involved in the antiseizure effects of the KD.
01 Mar 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define career systems as a set of work roles and the influx of people occupying those roles, within an organization or in "boundaryless" industries.
Abstract: This paper seeks to understand the dynamics of career systems by exploring how the study of other complex systems can shed light on the complex careers that are becoming increasingly the norm. We begin by defining career systems as a set of work roles and the influx of people occupying those roles, within an organization or in “boundaryless” industries. Then, we explain numerous patterns in career systems—described as “self-organization”—through rigorous metaphors drawn from studies of “self-organized criticality” (Bak, 1995) and adaptation in interconnected networks (Kauffman, 1993). Implications for strategic human resource management and careers research are identified.
TL;DR: It is reported that polyclonal antibodies raised against the core protein of a proteoglycan involved in cell adhesion in the marine sponge Microciona prolifera are specific markers for archaeocytes, the totipotent sponge cells, and show that they play an active role in sponge allogeneic reactions.
Abstract: Sponge immunocyte identification is of interest to comparative immunologists since characterizing these cells will allow investigations into the mechanisms of non-self recognition in the oldest animal phylum. Here, we report that polyclonal antibodies raised against the core protein of a proteoglycan involved in cell adhesion in the marine sponge Microciona prolifera are specific markers for archaeocytes, the totipotent sponge cells. Archaeocytes are mobilized upon allogeneic contact and they accumulate in the contact zone. A second type of cell, the gray cells, are specifically recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against CD44, a hyaluronan receptor. Gray cells do also accumulate in the contact area. Specific staining of a third sponge cell type, the rhabdiferous cells, shows that these do not accumulate upon allografting. These specific cell markers allow tracking of archaeocytes and gray cells, and show that they play an active role in sponge allogeneic reactions.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Associations between adolescent-mother and adolescent-best friend interactions during conflict resolution tasks were examined, finding that adolescents' withdrawal and support-validation with mothers was positively associated with their withdrawals with best friends, however, they exhibited less withdrawal with their mothers than with their best friends.
Abstract: The present study examined associations between adolescent-mother and adolescent-best friend interactions during conflict resolution tasks. Adolescents (N = 39) were videotaped while discussing unresolved problems with their mothers and then with their best friends. Mothers' behavior with adolescents and adolescents' behavior with mothers and with best friends were coded for conflict, withdrawal, communication skills, support-validation, and problem-solving. Mothers' communication and support-validation with adolescents was positively associated with adolescents' communication and support-validation with best friends, respectively. However, their behavior was not identical. Mothers were more communicative and supportive with adolescents than adolescents were with their best friends. Second, adolescents' withdrawal and support-validation with mothers was positively associated with their withdrawal and support-validation with best friends, respectively. However, they exhibited less withdrawal with their mothers than with their best friends. Possible explanations for these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
TL;DR: The finding that apparently healthy sharks can harbour potentially debilitating lesions warrants the inclusion of histopathological studies in the management and conservation of sharks.
Abstract: Twenty-three smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis L., and 20 spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias (Mitchill), were examined for the presence of diseases. Sharks were collected from the north-western Atlantic between April and September 2000. Major organs were sampled for histopathology and bacterial cultures were taken from kidneys. Macroscopic lesions were infrequent and included intestinal cestodiasis and gastric and dermal erosions. Microscopic lesions were common in both shark species. Mustelus canis had numerous degenerative lesions involving the pancreatic ducts, seminiferous tubules and coronary vessels. The most frequent lesions in S. acanthias were parasitic and included pancreatic nematodiasis and biliary myxosporeosis. Additionally, both species had focal meningitis, encephalitis, dermatitis, gastritis, enteritis and glomerulomesangial thickening. Microscopic parasites included intestinal coccidiosis, unclassified gastric and testicular protozoa, skeletal muscle and renal tubular myxosporeans, a branchial trichodinid ciliate, olfactory and branchial trematodes, gastrointestinal cestodes and larval nematodes. Shewanella putrefaciens, Photobacterium sp., Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Alteromonas sp. were isolated from kidneys of nine sharks. The role of the above lesions in the natural mortality and morbidity of the two shark species is unknown. The finding that apparently healthy sharks can harbour potentially debilitating lesions warrants the inclusion of histopathological studies in the management and conservation of sharks.
TL;DR: This article found that states and localities behave in the way public finance theory predicts: the magnitude of an airport spending change is the same (but in opposite directions) for a cut and an increase in airport grants.
Abstract: How states and localities react to federal airport grant cuts is a question of increasing importance, especially in light of recent congressional funding reauthorization debates. This study finds that states and localities behave in the way public finance theory predicts. The magnitude of an airport spending change is the same (but in opposite directions) for a cut and an increase in airport grants. Thus, the flypaper effect operates in both directions. Spillovers arising from airport spending are also considered. With the hub and spoke structure of the U.S. air transportation system, a spending increase on airports experiencing major time delays confers spillover benefits on individuals in other states in the form of travel time savings from decreased congestion. These spillovers are reciprocal. There is significant evidence of such interdependencies, and an individual state raises airport spending by between 50 and 60 cents when other states increase airport spending by 1 dollar.
TL;DR: Observations from samples collected from the jaws of shortfin makos, along with reports of sharks heavily infected with A. crassum, suggest that this copepod may sometimes play a role in the morbidity and mortality of sharks that it infects.
Abstract: Early- and middle-stage copepodids of Anthosoma crassum (Dichelesthiidae: Siphonostomatoida) and lesions associated with A. crassum infections are described from samples collected from the jaws of shortfin makos captured off southern California. The copepodids did not possess frontal filaments or frontal organs, and they resided in a headstandlike position firmly attached by their embedded antennae. Copepod larvae and small adults were lodged in shallow mucosal ulcers that basally exhibited mild, acute granulocytic stomatitis; large adults were lodged in deep tunnels encompassing the anterior aspects of their bodies. Some lesions contained more than 1 copepod. Examinations of lesions revealed that A. crassum infection of shortfin makos can result in severe subacute, necrotizing stomatitis with hemorrhage, granulation tissue, and lymphocytic aggregations in the mucosa, and reactive lymphocytic infiltration of the submucosal skeletal muscle. Copepod gut contents consisted of shark erythrocytes, hemosiderin ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a behavioral observation of the newborn using validated tools is a useful complement of the neuro-imaging techniques, such as the Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS).
Abstract: The neonatal behavioral observation is an important source of medical information in three domains: 1) assessment of development which can be done with the Assessment of Preterm Infant Behavior, 2) assessment of pain with the analysis of facial expression using validated pain scales such as the Neonatal Facial Coding System, 3) assessment of brain injuries with the Quality Assessment of General Movements. Such a behavioral observation of the newborn using validated tools is a useful complement of the neuro-imaging techniques.
01 Mar 2002
TL;DR: Two extensive case studies are presented, providing an expanded understanding of careers in management and in entrepreneurship using a new set of theoretical lenses that view careers in a more dynamic, fluid way.
Abstract: Dramatic changes in 21st century careers have generated the need for a new set of theoretical lenses that view careers in a more dynamic, fluid way. Several characteristics of this new complexity lens that directly apply to dynamic career systems include discontinuities in career progression, non-proportionality of effects of effort, sensitive dependence on initial conditions, viewing a system in terms of constraints and triggers for change, and the impact of mutual causality of structural emergence. Two extensive case studies are presented and explained using these concepts, providing an expanded understanding of careers in management and in entrepreneurship.
15 Apr 2002
TL;DR: In 2001, ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used in an expedition that was initiated to better understand the Qumran site as mentioned in this paper, and two patterns emerged as burial signatures - a hyperbolic feature and/or a "V" shape.
Abstract: The Dead Sea Scrolls are one of the greatest manuscript discoveries of the twentieth century. Since 1947 the Qumran region, the site of the Scrolls discovery on the northwestern shores of the Dead Sea, Israel, has been subject to countless probes. In 2001, ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used in an expedition that was initiated to better understand the Qumran site. Primarily, GPR was used to aid in identifying unmarked graves in the Qumran cemetery, and secondly, to determine if there were more caves in the marl cliffs that might contain artifacts associated with Qumran. In regards to the first GPR objective, two patterns emerged as burial signatures - a hyperbolic feature and/or a "V" shape. An extensive GPR survey was conducted along the outer edges of the presently exposed cemetery as well as empty patches of ground within the present cemetery. Over 100 potential graves were located that did not show surficial expressions. The second objective was achieved by running GPR surveys along the cliff faces and tops. Two sites were then chosen for excavation based on GPR images that showed hyperbolic features between 0.5 and 1 .0 m depth. Artifacts were recovered at one site.
01 Jan 2002
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the properties of delta-wing vortices in incompressible and supersonic flows and compared them with available data from a past work for a Mach 2.49 flow for the same wing geometry and angles-of-attack.
Abstract: When requiring quantitative data on delta-wing vortices for design purposes, low-speed results have often been extrapolated to configurations intended for supersonic operation. This practice stems from a lack of database owing to difficulties that plague measurement techniques in high-speed flows. In the present paper an attempt is made to examine this practice by comparing quantitative data on the nearwake properties of such vortices in incompressible and supersonic flows. The incompressible flow data are obtained in experiments conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel. Detailed flow-field properties, including vorticity and turbulence characteristics, obtained by hot-wire and pressure probe surveys are documented. These data are compared, wherever possible, with available data from a past work for a Mach 2.49 flow for the same wing geometry and angles-of-attack. The results indicate that quantitative similarities exist in the distributions of total pressure and swirl velocity. However, the streamwise velocity of the core exhibits different trends. The axial flow characteristics of the vortices in the two regimes are examined, and a candidate theory is discussed.