Showing papers by "University of Maine published in 1978"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived equations that can be used to make a quantitative estimate of the maximum size of a marine ice sheet and of when and how rapidly retreat would take place under prescribed conditions.
327 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a stochastic utility model was proposed and estimated by use of a sample of students admitted to Carnegie-Mellon Univer..., which was used to study the college choice behavior of graduate business school applicants.
Abstract: The college choice behavior of graduate business school applicants is studied. A stochastic utility model is proposed and estimated by use of a sample of students admitted to Carnegie-Mellon Univer...
233 citations
TL;DR: Kelleogg et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed three Norwegian Sea deep-sea cores, which penetrate to sediments at least 200,000 years old, for oxygen isotope content, total calcium carbonate, and planktonic foraminifera.
Abstract: BOREAS Kellogg, T. B., Duplessy, J. C. & Shackleton, N. J. 1978 03 01: Planktonic foraminiferal and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy and paleoclimatology of Norwegian Sea deep-sea cores. Boreas. Vol. 7, pp. 61–73. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.
Three Norwegian Sea deep-sea cores, which penetrate to sediments at least 200,000 years old, were analyzed for oxygen isotope content, total calcium carbonate, and planktonic foraminifera. The oxygen isotopic stratigraphy was used to refine the time control for paleoclimatic and paleo-oceanographic events previously described for the region. Two pulses of relatively warm subpolar water entered the region between 124,000 B.P. and 115,000 B.P. (the last interglacial), and since about 13,000 B.P. The remaining portion of the last 150,000 years was characterized by extensive ice cover. The magnitude of the change in isotopic composition between peak glacial and peak interglacial conditions is larger than can be explained by the changing isotopic content of the oceans alone suggesting that large temperature and salinity effects are recorded in isotope curves from Norwegian Sea isotope curves. The magnitude of the isotopic change from substage 5e to 5d (greater than 1%) is attributed to a combination of changing oceanic isotopic composition combined with a large temperature effect due to a sudden sea-surface temperature decrease of about 6oC. The persistence of heavy isotope values throughout substages 5d through 5a may be related to the sea-ice cover which prevented dilution of the isotopically heavy waters by isotopically light run-off. Sedimentation rates calculated for each of the isotope stages show large changes from one stage to another with some tendency for odd numbered stages to have higher rates.
186 citations
TL;DR: It was found that more creative subjects exhibited higher alpha indices during analogue of creative inspiration than during an analogue of creative elaboration, and no consistent relationship between creativity and basal EEG alpha activity was found.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an improved procedure and a new extraction apparatus for determining soluble nitrogen in feedstuffs are presented, which is used to compare the quantity of nitrogen extracted from seven feed-stuffs by several mineral solvents and autoclaved rumen fluid.
149 citations
TL;DR: Using high pressure liquid chromatography, the cucumber cotyledon bioassay, and mass spectrometry a cytokinin isolated from Solanum tuberosum L. cv.
Abstract: Using high pressure liquid chromatography, the cucumber cotyledon bioassay, and mass spectrometry a cytokinin isolated from Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Katahdin plant tissues has been identified as cis-zeatin riboside. Zeatin riboside (ZR) levels in plants grown under inducing conditions (28 C day and 13 C night with a 10-hour photoperiod) were significantly higher than those in plants grown under noninducing conditions (30 C day and 28 C night with an 18-hour photoperiod). The highest level of ZR was noted in below-ground tissue after 4 days exposure to inducing conditions, with tuber initiation observed after 8 days. A companion study conducted to determine the effect of ZR on in vitro tuberization of noninduced rhizomes revealed that after 1 month in culture, controls exhibited 0% tuberization, while ZR treatments of 0.3 and 3.0 milligrams per liter showed 39 and 75% tuberization, respectively.
104 citations
103 citations
95 citations
TL;DR: Atlantic is a medium late maturing var.
Abstract: Atlantic is a medium late maturing var. which has been shown to have the following characteristics: tolerance to scab and Verticillium wilt; high yields of attractive tubers; resistance to the bacterial disease pink eye; high solids content; excellent chip and French fry quality and acceptable fresh market quality. It is low in total glycoalkaloids. It was evaluated for yield, sp. gr., and chipping quality from 1973 through 1975 in replicated trials with locally adapted var. Compared with locally adapted var. grown in Florida, Virginia, New Jersey and Maine, Atlantic excelled in TS content. It contained 24.4% more TS than Sebago in Florida, 14.8% more than Pungo in Virginia, 14.9% more than Superior in New Jersey and 18.1% more than Superior and Katahdin in Maine. Mean chip colour scores were better for Atlantic than for locally adapted var. grown in Florida, New Jersey, and Maine. It produced excellent chips when either processed within 2 wk of harvest and then held at ambient air temp. for 6 wk or held in 4°C temp. storage and then reconditioned at 21°C for 14 days. The baking quality of Atlantic was rated acceptable.
94 citations
86 citations
TL;DR: Information on reproductive requirements of grass carp was obtained from published accounts, from a visit to rivers in the USSR where introduced grass carp have reproduced, and from discussions with Soviet fishery workers.
Abstract: Information on reproductive requirements of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) was obtained from published accounts, from a visit to rivers in the USSR where introduced grass carp have reproduced, and from discussions with Soviet fishery workers. Turbulent areas at the confluence of rivers or below dams are the focal points for reproduction. Successful spawning occurs only in large rivers or canals where water velocity exceeds 0.8 m/s and volume is roughly 400 m3/s. The eggs are carried 50 to 180 km, depending on water temperature and current speed. The larvae hatch 1 day after spawning and make their way to vegetated lagoons, impoundments, or lakes closely connected to the river. They begin feeding on rotifers at 2 to 4 days and change to larger zooplankton in about a week. Temperatures required for stimulation of sexual maturation, egg incubation, and survival of young range from 19 to 30 C, with an optimum of about 23 C. Because requirements for each factor must be found in juxtapositio...
TL;DR: In this paper, a positive correlation between lagoon flushing rates, nutrients, chlorophyll a biomass, and primary production was established, apparently related to lagoon trapping of nutrients and/or anthropomorphic eutrophication.
TL;DR: Seasonal, diel and tidal rhythmic activity of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts migrating through a large estuary was studied by ultrasonic tracking of 46 individuals during two seasons.
Abstract: Seasonal, diel and tidal rhythmic activity of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts migrating through a large estuary was studied by ultrasonic tracking of 46 individuals during two seasons. Prior to 10 May each year most smolts were inactive and remained near shore in shallow water. After 10 May nearly all smolts moved away from the release point into swift water and made rapid seaward progress. Initiation of migration each year occurred when river and hatchery water temperatures rose above 9°C. Migration in the estuary was largely passive drift, and as a result there were distinct tidal rhythms of ground (‘swimming’) speed and net seaward travel. There were no diel rhythms in ground speed or net seaward travel; smolts drifted seaward on the tides during both day and night. Smolts may be slightly deeper during day than night.
TL;DR: Extremely rapid divergence among 7 species of African cichlid fishes is suggested by high estimates of allozymic similarity.
Abstract: Extremely rapid divergence among 7 species of African cichlid fishes is suggested by high estimates of allozymic similarity. Significant differences in gene frequencies among sympatric populations support reproductive isolation of these taxa.
TL;DR: Local response rates were found to differ for unequal schedules of a concurrent pair: local response rate was greater for the variable-interval schedule with the smaller average interreinforcement interval, but qualifications based on an interresponse-time analysis were discussed.
Abstract: Concurrent variable-interval schedules were arranged with a main key that alternated in color and schedule assignment, along with a changeover key on which a small fixed ratio was required to changeover. Acceptable matching was observed with pigeons in two replications, but there was a tendency toward overmatching. Local response rates were found to differ for unequal schedules of a concurrent pair: local response rate was greater for the variable-interval schedule with the smaller average interreinforcement interval, but qualifications based on an interresponse-time analysis were discussed. In a second experiment, two 3-minute variable-interval schedules were arranged concurrently, and the experimental variable was the changeover procedure: either a changeover delay was incurred by each changeover or a small fixed ratio on a changeover key was required to complete a changeover. Changeover delays of 2 and 5 seconds were compared with a fixed-ratio changeover of five responses. The response output on the main key (associated with the variable-interval schedules) was greater when a changeover delay was arranged than when a fixed ratio was required to changeover. A detailed analysis of stripchart records showed that a 2-second delay generated an increased response rate for 3 seconds after a changeover, while the fixed-ratio requirement generated an increased rate during the first second only, followed by a depressed response rate for 2 seconds.
TL;DR: The retention of water-soluble vitamins by several potato varieties using various home preparation methods was investigated in this paper, and the retention values in general exceeded the 85 percent level for thiamin, niacin and vitamin B6.
Abstract: The retention of water-soluble vitamins by several potato varieties using various home preparation methods was investigated. Retention values in general exceeded the 85 percent level for thiamin, niacin and vitamin B6, and the 70 percent level for ascorbic acid, riboflavin and folic acid. Overall, with but a few exceptions, whole, unpeeled, boiled and microwave cooked potatoes exhibited the highest vitamin retention.
TL;DR: Erythrocyte nuclear volumes were measured in brook trout from Phillips Hatchery in Maine to document naturally occurring polyploid sterility, and in eight brook Trout in which gonads were lacking or undeveloped, the nuclei were large, suggestingpolyploidy.
Abstract: Erythrocyte nuclear volumes were measured in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from Phillips Hatchery in Maine to document naturally occurring polyploid sterility. In eight brook trout in which gonads were lacking or undeveloped, the nuclei were large, suggesting polyploidy. The average size of the erythrocyte nuclei in other sterile fish fell within the normal range but all of the eight fish appeared to have some erythrocytes that were polyploid. All polyploids appeared to be mosaics, containing diploid, triploid, tetraploid, or pentaploid cells. The cause of the polyploidy was not determined but may have been caused by the inadvertent exposure of the eggs to low temperatures after fertilization.
TL;DR: In this paper, nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man.
Abstract: Nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man. With the exception of calcium, the potato is a significant source of minerals for which U.S. recommended daily allowances have been established (iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc).
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-empirical thermodynamic-diffusive model appears to duplicate the behavior of the hexane/heptane/polyethylene system with regard to the effect of upstream and downstream pressure on rate and separation.
TL;DR: It was concluded that Delaware Bay comprises a mosaic of animal assemblages, some of which have relatively sharp boundaries similar to classical level bottom type communities, whereas the boundaries of others are almost impossible to detect, and these represent species distributed along an environmental continum.
Abstract: During two consecutive summers, the first quantitative bay-wide survey (207 stations) of benthic invertebrates was conducted in Delaware Bay (USA). In 1972, 109 species were collected at 105 stations; and in 1973, 125 species were collected at 102 stations. A total of 169 different species were collected for both summers. The number of species and number of individuals increased with increasing salinity and increasing median grain size. These relationships were compared and were found similar to those in estuaries and bays throughout the world. Average density was 722 individuals m2, which is low compared to other estuaries. The relationship of low secondary production to pollution, macroscopic algae, sediment transport, predation, and hydrography is discussed. Deposit feeders comparised the major feeding type. Local species composition was similar to that in Chesapeake Bay, and dominant species occurred in estuaries throughout the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The benthic invertebrates of Delaware Bay were related to the cosmopolitan mode of estuarine faunas. Faunal assemblages were identified by cluster analysis. The assemblages were associated with sediment type and salinity. It was concluded that Delaware Bay comprises a mosaic of animal assemblages, some of which have relatively sharp boundaries similar to classical level bottom type communities, whereas the boundaries of others are almost impossible to detect, and these represent species distributed along an environmental continum.
TL;DR: It is concluded that sandworms swimming during winter nights is unrelated to reproduction and that it is an inherent behavior pattern.
Abstract: There have been many previous reports of the sandworm Nereis virens Sars swimming in the water column. This behavior usually has been attributed to reproductive processes. Sandworms were found swimming in surface waters at night on ebb tides during many nights of January, February and March in a Maine (USA) estuary. None of the specimens examined contained gametes or possessed other characteristic spawning or pre-spawning modifications. Several age classes were found, with worms measuring 9 to 38 cm in length, weighing 0.5 to 19.8 g, and having 82 to 187 segments. The greatest numbers of worms were observed during near-average tides on evenings in which low tides occurred a few hours after sunset but prior to moonrise. Up to 83 worms per minute were observed swimming seaward through a 20 m transect, while none were observed swimming landward at any stage of the tide. It is concluded that sandworms swimming during winter nights is unrelated to reproduction and that it is an inherent behavior pattern.
TL;DR: In this article, a modified version of Burroughs mineral buffer was used to extract the amino acid profiles of 19 feedstuffs commonly fed to ruminants and profiles of total amino acids determined.
TL;DR: Hays et al. as discussed by the authors found that propinquity, common activities, general play, evaluation, and physical possessions all provide reliable bases for liking friends and disliking friends.
Abstract: HAYES, DONALD S. Cognitive Bases for Liking and Disliking among Preschool Children. CHmLD DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 906-909. This study was designed to assess the cognitive bases for liking and disliking among preschool children. The subjects were required to report verbally why they liked their best friend and why they disliked someone they knew. Content analyses of responses indicated that propinquity, common activities, general play, evaluation, and physical possessions all provide reliable bases for liking friends. Rule violation, aggression, and aberrant behavor were found to reflect reliable dimensions of disliking. Differences were also found in the frequency with which males versus females are disliked. The data were interpreted as supporting an extension of the first stage of Bigelow's sequential-invariance model to young children.
TL;DR: Differences in food habits between these two pufferfishes illustrate that congeners with virtually identical mouth structure and complete spatial overlap can significantly partition the food resources.
Abstract: Partitioning of the food resources by two coexisting pufferfishes (Sphoeroides spengleri and S. testudineus) from Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA, was investigated. Gut contents from 453 bandtail and 339 checkered puffers were analyzed. The diets of both species consisted of a variety of benthic prey, but only crustaceans and molluscs were important prey groups. While differences were found in the proportions of general prey categories eaten by these fishes, both species consumed substantial quantities of brachyuran crabs, bivalves, and gastropods. Specific identification of the prey items within these three food categories revealed additional differences in prey between the two puffer species. This partitioning of the food resources by bandtail and checkered puffers was found between both species overall, between overlapping size ranges, and between both species' most abundant size group. Differences in food habits between these two fishes illustrate that congeners with virtually identical mouth structure and complete spatial overlap can significantly partition the food resources.
TL;DR: Resolution of complex hyperfine structure in the profiles of small homogeneous viral DNAs appears to be significantly better than has been produced by various numerical methods of differentiation.
TL;DR: Examination of how stressful life-events relate to the occurrence of illness in a nonclinical random sample of adolescents and what processes intervene in this relationship finds social support from parents appears to mediate the life events-illness relationship.
Abstract: This article examines how stressful life-events relate to the occurrence of illness in a nonclinical random sample of adolescents and what processes intervene in this relationship. Three alternative models of the life events and illness relationship are compared. Data support a “direct stress and illness model” as opposed to either a “sick role behavior model” or a “mental health model.” Social support from parents appears to mediate the life events-illness relationship. Undesirable and ambiguous life events have more impact on illness than desirable events do. Results are discussed in terms of adolescence as a unique developmental stage.
TL;DR: In this article, measurements of ice thickness, velocity, snow accumulation rates, and surface strain-rates are used to examine the state of equilibrium of three flow bands of the Ross Ice Shelf.
Abstract: Measurements of ice thickness, velocity, snow accumulation rates, and surface strain-rates are used to examine the state of equilibrium of three flow bands of the Ross Ice Shelf. The analysis gives the rate of thickening of the ice shelf in terms of the basal freezing rate, which is unknown. However, indirect evidence suggests that the basal flux ranges from a small value of freezing in the south to a melting rate of about one meter of ice per year at the ice front. If these values are correct then the flow band in the south-east corner of the ice shelf appears to be thickening at an average value of (34 ± 15) cm of ice per year. Persistent thickening at this rate must lead to grounding of large areas of the ice shelf. This would restrict drainage from West Antarctic ice streams which feed this part of the ice shelf and these would tend to thicken and advance their grounding lines into the ice shelf. Further north, near the RISP bore-hole site, the ice shelf is probably in equilibrium. The largest flow band is to the south and east of Roosevelt Island, and this also may be in equilibrium if there is significant bottom melting from ice shelf that is more than 100 km from the ice front.