Showing papers by "University of Manitoba published in 1989"
TL;DR: In this article, a prospective study was carried out in 422 men who had acquired a sexually transmitted disease (STD) from a group of prostitutes with a prevalence of HIV-1 infection of 85%.
683 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that the TSC-33 and its associated subscales are reasonably reliable measures that display some predictive and discriminative validity with regard to childhood sexual abuse.
Abstract: A 33-item Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33) is presented, and the psychometric properties of this scale are summarized from four separate studies. Developed to assess the impact of childhood abuse on later (adult) functioning, the TSC-33 consists of five subscales (Dissociation, Anxiety, Depression, Post-Sexual Abuse Trauma-hypothesized [PSAT-h], and Sleep Disturbance) and a total scale score. Data suggest that the TSC-33 and its associated subscales are reasonably reliable measures that display some predictive and discriminative validity with regard to childhood sexual abuse. Other variables appear to elevate checklist scores as well, however, such as physical abuse history and mental health client status, although apparently not gender.
611 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present oxygen isotope and accelerator radiocarbon measurements on planktonic foraminifera from Orca Basin core EN32-PC4 which reveal a significant reduction in meltwater flow through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico from about 11,200 to 10,000 years ago.
Abstract: ROOTH1 proposed that the Younger Dryas cold episode, which chilled the North Atlantic region from 11,000 to 10,000 yr BP, was initiated by a diversion of meltwater from the Mississippi drainage to the St Lawrence drainage system. The link between these events is postulated to be a turnoff, during the Younger Dryas cold episode, of the North Atlantic's conveyor-belt circulation system which currently supplies an enormous amount of heat to the atmosphere over the North Atlantic region2. This turnoff is attributed to a reduction in surface-water salinity, and hence also in density, of the waters in the region where North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) now forms. Here we present oxygen isotope and accelerator radiocarbon measurements on planktonic foraminifera from Orca Basin core EN32-PC4 which reveal a significant reduction in meltwater flow through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico from about 11,200 to 10,000 radiocarbon years ago. This finding is consistent with the record for Lake Agassiz which indicates that the meltwater from the southwestern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was diverted to the northern Atlantic Ocean through the St Lawrence valley during the interval from ~11,000 to 10,000 years before present (yr BP).
606 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that transurethral prostatectomy is less effective in overcoming urinary obstruction than the open operation, and the possibility that transUREthral prostatic hyperplasia may result in higher long-term mortality is raised.
Abstract: As part of an ongoing effort to evaluate alternative treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia, we compared the outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate with those of open prostatectomy. Men undergoing prostatectomy in Denmark (n = 36,703), Oxfordshire, England (n = 5284), and Manitoba, Canada (n = 12,090), were identified retrospectively through administrative data and followed for up to eight years. The cumulative percentage of patients undergoing a second prostatectomy was substantially higher after transurethral than after open prostatectomy (12.0 vs. 4.5 percent in Denmark, 12.0 vs. 1.8 percent in Oxfordshire, and 15.5 vs. 4.2 percent in Manitoba). The long-term age-specific mortality rates associated with transurethral prostatectomy as compared with open prostatectomy were also elevated in each country. The data on 1650 Canadian patients were used to investigate the contribution of coexisting morbid conditions to the elevated risk of death. The relative risk was 1.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.83) before risk adjustment and 1.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.84) after adjustment; the higher mortality was seen among low-risk as well as high-risk patients. These findings suggest that transurethral prostatectomy is less effective in overcoming urinary obstruction than the open operation. Our data also raise the possibility that transurethral prostatectomy may result in higher long-term mortality, although we cannot rule out potential confounding effects of unmeasured characteristics of patients.
585 citations
TL;DR: The literature is classified based on the ways researchers have defined flexibility and the approaches used in measuring it, which indicates the importance of flexibility in manufacturing decision making.
499 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of a particular segment of scheduling research in which the due to date assignment decision is of primary interest is presented, observing that while the static single- machine problem with constant or common due dates has been well researched, very little or no work has been done on the dynamic multi-machine problem with sophisticated due date assignment methods.
498 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of intracranial meningioma in Manitoba, Canada, was reviewed from 1980 through 1987, with a male:female ratio of 1:2.3, and individuals with malignant tumors were more likely to suffer paresis and be without deficit than their benign counterparts.
Abstract: The incidence of intracranial meningioma in Manitoba, Canada, was reviewed from 1980 through 1987. During that time, 193 tumors were diagnosed, with a male:female ratio of 1:2. This occurrence corresponded to crude incidence rates of 2.3/100,000 for all meningiomas and 0.17/100,000 for malignant meningiomas. Among malignant meningiomas, the male:female ratio was 1:1. The age-specific annual incidence rate increased with age up to the eighth decade where it peaked at 8.4/100,000. The distribution of histopathological subtypes was: 74 meningotheliomatous (38%), 64 transitional (33%), 14 malignant (7%), 14 fibroblastic (7%), seven psammomatous (4%), four angioblastic (2%), and 16 unknown (8%). The diagnosis of malignant meningioma was based on the World Health Organization criteria, with only Grade III and IV tumors included in this subtype. Clinical features did not allow for differentiation of benign from malignant neoplasms. Individuals with malignant tumors were, however, more likely to suffer paresis (50%) and less likely to be without deficit (14%) than their benign counterparts. The radiographic appearance of "mushrooming" was observed only in patients with malignant meningioma. All malignant tumors showed evidence of peritumoral edema; however, none exhibited calcification. During the 8-year study interval, the tumor recurred in 10 (71%) of the 14 patients with malignant meningioma. Tumor recurrence was accompanied by dedifferentiation from a more benign histology in four patients (2% of the total material).
362 citations
TL;DR: The cellular automata-logic-block-observation circuits presented are expected to improve upon conventional design for testability circuitry such as built-in logic-block operation as a direct consequence of reduced cross correlation between the bit streams that are used as inputs to the logic unit under test.
Abstract: A variation on a built-in self-test technique is presented that is based on a distributed pseudorandom number generator derived from a one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) array. The cellular automata-logic-block-observation circuits presented are expected to improve upon conventional design for testability circuitry such as built-in logic-block operation as a direct consequence of reduced cross correlation between the bit streams that are used as inputs to the logic unit under test. Certain types of circuit faults are undetectable using the correlated bit streams produced by a conventional linear-feedback-shift-register (LFSR). It is also noted that CA implementations exhibit data compression properties similar to those of the LFSR and that they display locality and topological regularity, which are important attributes for a very large-scale integration implementation. It is noted that some CAs may be able to generate weighted pseudorandom test patterns. It is also possible that some of the analysis of pseudorandom testing may be more directly applicable to CA-based pseudorandom testing than to LFSR-based schemes. >
349 citations
TL;DR: Four new matrix materials, with properties as good as or better than nicotinic acid, are described, and product species, formed by fast photochemical reactions in the matrix, are observed to form adduct ions with protein molecules.
Abstract: The production of high-mass quasimolecular ions from proteins by matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption is described. A simple time-of-flight system using a Q-switched frequency-quadrupled Nd-YAG laser to desorb protein molecules is shown to have a mass range of up to 116,000 u by the observation of intact, singly charged quasimolecular ions from 700 fmol of beta-galactosidase subunit (mol.wt = 116,336 Da). Both positive- and negative-ion spectra of proteins are shown. Four new matrix materials, with properties as good as or better than nicotinic acid, are described. A mass resolution of approximately 500 (full width at half maximum definition) is demonstrated for proteins with mol.wt less than 20,000 Da. Product species, formed by fast photochemical reactions in the matrix, are observed to form adduct ions with protein molecules. These adduct ions are a significant cause of the observed broadness of protein quasimolecular ion peaks. The practical physical considerations in detection of large-mass quasimolecular ions from laser desorption, such as detector overloading, are discussed.
330 citations
TL;DR: The effect of temperature on the crystallization behavior of amylose-lipid complexes from dilute solution has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and structural analysis using alpha amylase etching-gel permeation chromatography, as well as birefringence, density, and dynamic rheological measurements as discussed by the authors.
291 citations
TL;DR: An educational and enforcement program designed to improve handwashing procedures can significantly reduce endemic nosocomial infection rates.
TL;DR: The katF gene of Escherichia coli has been sequenced revealing a 1086 base pair open reading frame from which the sequence of a 362 amino acid protein has been deduced.
Abstract: The katF gene of Escherichia coli has been sequenced revealing a 1086 base pair open reading frame from which the sequence of a 362 amino acid protein has been deduced. The direction of transcription of katF was confirmed by expression of the gene cloned in both directions behind a T7 promoter. The KatF protein expressed in vitro migrates with an apparent size of 42 kDa. Comparison of the katF sequence to the sequence of rpoD, which encodes the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase, revealed a 181 bp region with 65% homology and a 38 bp segment that was 87% homologous. A 62 amino acid region of the predicted KatF protein sequence was found to be 85% homologous to the corresponding sequence of sigma 70, including a segment implicated in core polymerase binding. Homology was also observed with the heat shock regulatory protein encoded by htpR.
TL;DR: Patients with multiple personality disorder experienced extensive sexual and physical abuse as children and had an average of 15.7 personalities at the time of reporting.
Abstract: The authors collected a series of 236 cases of multiple personality (MPD) reported to them by 203 psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and other health care professionals. MPD patients experienced extensive sexual (79.2%) and physical (74.9%) abuse as children. They had been in the health care system for an average of 6.7 years before being diagnosed with MPD and had an average of 15.7 personalities at the time of reporting. The most common alter personalities were a child personality (86.0%), a personality of a different age (84.5%), a protector personality (84.0%), and a persecutor personality (84.0%). Patients MPD are highly suicidal with 72% attempting suicide and 2.1% being successful. The patients frequently received diagnoses for other mental disorders. The most common previous diagnoses were for affective disorders (63.7%), personality disorders (57.4%), anxiety disorders (44.3%), and schizophrenia (40.8%).
TL;DR: In severe, stable congestive heart failure, nocturnal oxygen therapy reduces Cheyne-Stokes respiration, corrects hypoxemia, and consolidates sleep by reducing arousals caused by the hyperpneic phase of Cheynes-Stoke respiration.
Abstract: Study Objective:To determine the effect of supplemental oxygen on Cheyne-Stokes respiration, nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO2), and sleep in male patients with severe, stable congestive h...
TL;DR: In this article, a retrospective analysis suggests that a full-time, trained critical care specialist may have made a significant impact on the management of critically ill patients at a university hospital for two consecutive years.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of time and strain-rate effects on the behavior of clays in one-dimensional (1-D) laboratory consolidation has been investigated and improved.
Abstract: Increased attention has recently been directed towards the influence of time and strain-rate effects on the behaviour of clays in one-dimensional (1-D) laboratory consolidation. The improved unders...
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether individual differences in perfectionism are related to neuroticism and anxiety and found that perfectionism was correlated marginally with neuroticism, while high life stress was associated with trait anxiety.
TL;DR: In this article, the composition, solubility, foamability and moisture sorption characteristics of Flax seed (Linwn usitatissimum L.) mucilage were determined.
Abstract: Flax seed (Linwn usitatissimum L.) mucilage was prepared by extraction of seeds with water followed by evaporation, precipitation with ethanol and freeze drying of extract. Proximate composition, solubility, foamability and moisture sorption characteristics were determined. The mucilage contained less carbohydrates, more minerals and more protein than commercial locust bean and guar gums. Its solubility, however, was higher than locust bean and guar gums, and lower than gum arabic. Flax seed mucilage exhibited good foam stability properties in aqueous solutions at 1.0% (w/v). Very diluted solutions exhibited Newtonian-like behavior while shear thinning was shown at concentrations above 0.2% (w/v). The viscosity was maximum at a pH range 6.0–8.0 and it was reduced in solutions containing NaCl.
TL;DR: In severe, stable CHF, CSR occurs predominantly during light sleep, that despite normal awake arterial oxygen saturation, significant hypoxemia may develop during sleep due to CSR, and that sleep is unstable and disrupted due to frequent arousals caused by the hyperpneic phase of CSR.
TL;DR: Ultraviolet photo-spectrometry of the cinnamic acid derivative matrices suggests strongly that they can be used as protein laser-desorption matrices at any wavelength between 260 nm and 360 nm, allowing the development of laser- Desorption mass spectrometers based on nitrogen or excimer lasers.
Abstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption of proteins with the 355 nm frequency-tripled output of a neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser has been demonstrated. In order to produce desorption at this wavelength, the cinnamic acid derivatives ferulic, caffeic and sinapinic acids have been employed as matrices. Excellent sensitivity (routinely one pmol of protein) and good mass resolution (m/delta m 400, Full width at half maximum) have been obtained by this new method. Ultraviolet photo-spectrometry of the cinnamic acid derivative matrices suggests strongly that they can be used as protein laser-desorption matrices at any wavelength between 260 nm and 360 nm, allowing the development of laser-desorption mass spectrometers based on nitrogen or excimer lasers.
TL;DR: The results are consistent with the concept that stearoyllysophosphatidic acid production in platelets occurs via phospholipase A2 degradation of phosphatidIC acid.
TL;DR: Several possible etiologies have been proposed including altered metabolism of polyol, lipids, or amino acids, vascular insufficiency, increased superoxide-induced free radical formation, impaired axonal transport or reduced neurotrophism and how these ideas may begin to explain the etiology of DN are discussed.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus affects over 14 million people in the United States and the number of diabetics is increasing by 5% per year. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes and occurs in approximately 50% of diabetic patients over time. Clinical trials have proven that hyperglycemia almost certainly conditions the development of DN. Despite this fact, we still do not understand the mechanism(s) underlying DN. Several possible etiologies have been proposed including altered metabolism of polyol, lipids, or amino acids, vascular insufficiency, increased superoxide-induced free radical formation, impaired axonal transport or reduced neurotrophism. Accumulating evidence suggests that these defects are likely interrelated and that their interaction(s) within the diabetic milieu are responsible for the development and progression of DN. In this review we will discuss these theories, their interrelationships and how, collectively, these ideas may begin to explain the etiology of DN.
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01 Jan 1989TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in children and the causes of such disorders. But they do not discuss the relationship between sexual abuse and self-blaming beliefs.
Abstract: Prevalence of child sexual abuse nature of child sexual abuse mood disturbances - assessment and evaluation treatment procedures self-blaming beliefs interpersonal problems - assessment and evaluation procedures treatment procedures relations with men relations with partners sexual dysfunctions - categories and prevalence of sexual dysfunctions causes of sexual dysfunctions.
TL;DR: The results indicate that excitation produced by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral CCS nerve occurs preferentially in the MG portion of triceps surae and with the shortest central latencies.
Abstract: 1. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were recorded in 115 triceps surae motoneurons of 10 chloralose-anesthetized adult cats (spinal cord intact), upon electrical stimulation of the caudal and lateral cutaneous sural nerve branches (CCS and LCS, respectively). 2. With twice threshold (2T) stimulation of CCS, excitatory PSPs (EPSPs) were the predominant effect in 95% of all medial gastrocnemius (MG) motoneurons tested (min. central latency 1.5 ms; mean 2.4 ms). In only a few MG cells was the EPSP followed by an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) and in only one cell was an IPSP the sole effect. Increasing the stimulus intensity to 5T tended to enhance both the later EPSP and IPSP components, with less change in the amplitude or latency of the earliest EPSPs. 3. In lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (SOL) motoneurons, 2T CCS stimulation led to either inhibition or no potential change in the majority of cells tested: EPSPs were the predominant effect in only 15 and 30% of LG and SOL cells, respectively (min. central latency 2.5 ms; mean 3.0 ms) and rarely occurred without subsequent inhibition. Again, increasing the stimulus intensity to 5T had more of an effect on later rather than earlier PSP components. 4. A predominance of depolarization in MG motoneurons but not in SOL motoneurons is in agreement with previous findings that CCS excitation is more powerful in "fast type" triceps surae motoneurons. However, the strong predominance of hyperpolarizing effects of CCS stimulation in the present LG population is evidence that such an organization does not transcend triceps surae motor nuclei as a whole. 5. Postsynaptic effects of LCS stimulation at 2T were frequently weak or absent but increasing the stimulus intensity to 5T produced predominant inhibition in 71% of all triceps surae motoneurons studied (n = 107). Of the few cells which did receive excitation from this nerve, most were MG, a few were SOL, and none were LG. These EPSPs occurred more frequently at 5T than at lower stimulation strengths. 6. The results indicate that excitation produced by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral CCS nerve occurs preferentially in the MG portion of triceps surae and with the shortest central latencies. Effects of LCS stimulation are largely inhibitory throughout the motor nuclei comprising triceps surae but even here, the presence of excitation occurs more frequently in MG. A comparison of these results with those in other reports is discussed.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that practitioners who seek information on living arrangements or marital status as proxy measures of lower psychological well-being are utilizing the wrong predictors.
Abstract: We examined 10 common indicators of social isolation and assessed which, if any, are related to subjective well-being among elderly individuals. The quantitative measures (no daily contact and minimal weekly contact), no children, having no children plus being unmarried, and having no children plus living alone, were unrelated to either global happiness or life satisfaction. The combined indicators of living alone and being unmarried as well as single indicators of having no companions or having no confidants were related at the bivariate level to both measures of well-being. When controlling for demographic, economic, and health factors, having no confidants and no companions were significantly and independently related to subjective well-being. These findings suggest that practitioners who seek information on living arrangements or marital status as proxy measures of lower psychological well-being are utilizing the wrong predictors.
TL;DR: The strongest evidence indicates that genital ulcer disease (chancroid syphilis herpes) facilitates the sexual transmission of HIV.
Abstract: In the US and Europe heterosexual intercourse appears to be an inefficient way of transmitting HIV whereas in Central Africa it is the predominant mode of transmission. The reason may lie in the fact that standard sexually-transmitted diseases which are prevalent in Africa South of the Sahara act as cofactors in HIV transmission by increasing the number of activated T4 lymphocytes. In developing countries a past history of sexually-transmitted diseases has been found in most AIDS patients -- 50% in Kinshasa 35% in Tanzania 67% in Rwanda 71% in Haiti 70% in Martinique 75% in males in Zimbabwe and 51% in females. Prostitutes are an important reservoir of sexually-transmitted diseases in Africa and HIV seropositivity among prostitutes is increasing rapidly -- 68% in Uganda and 85% in Nairobi. In both the US and Africa there is a high correlation between HIV seropositivity and a past history of syphilis especially among men. Both prospective and retrospective studies have shown an association between past history of genital ulcer disease (mainly chancroid) and HIV seropositivity. In Nairobi among 115 heterosexuals presenting with genital ulcer disease 63% of the HIV seropositives reported a prior episode of genital ulcer disease. Among 123 HIV seronegative prostitutes seroconversion to HIV-positive was significantly associated with occurrence of genital ulcer disease. A study in San Francisco showed that 68% of HIV-seronegative homosexuals became seropositive at the same time as they developed antibodies to herpes simplex type 2. There is also some evidence associating HIV seropositivity with Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea. 5 US cases have been reported of rapid progression of syphilis to tertiary stage in HIV-seropositive patients. The strongest evidence indicates that genital ulcer disease (chancroid syphilis herpes) facilitates the sexual transmission of HIV. Early detection and drug therapy of bacterial sexually-transmitted diseases should be given high priority in primary health care facilities as 1 way of stemming the spread of HIV.
TL;DR: Isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the causal agent of tan spot, cause necrosis only, chlorosis only or necrosis and chlorosis as symptoms of infection on appropriate wheat differentials but is without effect on cultivars resistant to the isolate.
TL;DR: Opportunistic infections have become a major cause of morbidity in the immunocompromised host and in patients with neutropenia, such infections often arise from their own indigenous flora.
Abstract: Excerpt Opportunistic infections have become a major cause of morbidity in the immunocompromised host. In patients with neutropenia, such infections often arise from their own indigenous flora; how...